CPR Alternate Assessment

Can you save a life? In an emergency, when every second is critical, would you know what to do?

According to recent statistics sudden cardiac arrest is rapidly becoming the leading cause of death in America. Once the heart ceases to function, a healthy human brain may survive without oxygen for up to 4 minutes without suffering any permanent damage. Unfortunately, a typical EMS response may take 6, 8 or even 10 minutes.

Performing CPR dramatically increases the survival chance while a person awaits the arrival of EMS. CPR helps keep blood flow to the brain and heart and can be the crucial action that keeps a person alive. The skills needed to perform CPR can be learned by everyone.

PART ONE: PRE-TEST (16 points)
Open a new web browser window and visit http://yalemedicalgroup.org/info/health.aspx?ContentTypeId=40&ContentId=CPRDefibrillatorsQuiz to complete the online self-check to test your knowledge. In the center column below place the letter choice you selected. In the column on the right, mark the question you answered correct with a “C” and the answers that were incorrect with an “I”. For incorrect answers, also include the letter of the correct answer.

Question Answer “C” or “I” 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. C

Part Two: Visit the Mayo Clinic’s website to learn the importance of and the steps in performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Copy the following web address into a new web browser window: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-cpr/FA00061. Answer the following questions.

What is the best method to learn CPR? (5 points)
· The best method to learn CPR is by taking an accredited first-aid training course. It includes how to perform CPR and how to use an (AED) Automatic External Defibrillator.

Identify the CAB’s of CPR, AND describe the meaning of each letter below in a complete sentence. (12 points)

C – Circulation means to restore blood circulation with chest compressions.

A – Airway means to clean the airway because if the airway is blocked oxygen cannot reach the lungs of the patient.

B – Breathing means to breathe for the person. Performing mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouht-to-nose breathing in case the mouth cannot be accessed.

13. Identify 4 differences in administering CPR to a child (ages 1-8 years) rather than for an adult. (8 points) 1. For a child you must breathe more gently.

2. Use only one hand to perform heart compressions.

3. If you are alone and no one is near initiate CPR on the child and then call 911. Perform 5 cycles of 30 compressions with two mouth-to-mouth breaths in between.

4. After five cycles of CPR and if no response, use an AED if available and follow the prompts. Use pediatric pads if available. If pediatric pads are not available, use adult pads.

14. The most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants is due to the lack of oxygen. What are the two most common causes of lack of oxygen in infants? (4 points) 1. Drowning 2. Choking

15. How do the rescue efforts differ when rescuing a baby if you are the only rescuer or if there is an additional rescuer? (4 points)

A. If you are the only rescuer and you need to perform CPR on a baby, do CPR for two minutes first. Then call 911 or the local emergency number.
B. If there is another rescuer available, have that person call the emergency number for help immediately while you attend to the baby.

16. How does breathing for a baby differ from that of an adult or child? (3 points)
· Breathing for a baby differs from that of an adult or child because for babies you use the strength of your cheeks to deliver gentle puffs of air (instead of deep breaths from your lungs) to slowly breathe into the baby's mouth one time. Taking one second for the breath.

PART THREE: Video instruction.
View the following videos by opening a new browser window and visiting the website: http://www.learncpr.org. After viewing each video, describe/summarize the steps one should follow when performing CPR on Adults, Infants and Children. Use complete sentences and include each step in the process.

Adult Summary (10 points)
· For adults you must shake the victim to see if they are unconscious or not. If they do not respond to your shakes immediately call 911. Proceed to pump in the center of the chest 2 inches, 30 times to the beat of "Staying Alive." Pump at the minimum rate of 100/minute. Then tilt the head and lift the chin back. Pinch the victim's nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you notice the chest rise. Give two breaths, with each breath lasting one second. Continue to do this procedure until help arrives.

Infant Summary (10 points)
· To perform CPR on infants you must perform CPR before dialing 911 if no one else is around. Shout and tap the infant on the shoulder to check for a response. If no response is returned position the infant on its back and initiate CPR. Using two to threee index fingers press down in the center of the chest just below the nipples (about 1 to 1/2 inches) and give 30 gentle chest compressions. The rate should at least be 100 per minute. Then unblock the airway by tilting the infants head and lifting his or her chin. Be careful not to tilt the head too far back. If the infant seems to not be breathing or not breathing normally, cover the infant's mouth and nose with your mouth. Give two soft breaths, with each breath lasting one second. When doing so you should see the infant's chest rise with each breath given. If no one else is around dial 911 now and continue giving 30 compressions and two breaths until help arrives.

Children Summary (10 points)
· Check for response. If someone is around tell them to call 911. CPR for children begins with giving 30 chest compressions with the heel of one of your two hands that are locked together. Press down in the center of the chest (about two inches) at a rate of a minimum of 100/minute. Proceed to tilt the head back and lift the chin. Then press the nose and cover the mouth with yours to give two breaths that last one second each. Watch the chest rise as you blow. If no one is around and have given two minutes of CPR call 911 now. Continue to give 30 pumps and two breaths until help arrives.

PART FOUR

Choking Prevention http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/choking-rescue-procedure-heimlich-maneuver-overview A person who has a completely obstructed airway will not be able to talk, cough or breathe.
To help prevent choking, there are a few safety measures we can employ.
List at least five ways to prevent choking. (10 points)
1. Do not over drink on alcohol; before eating. This will cause you to dull your senses, and you could make yourseld not chew your food properly. It can also cause you to shallow large pieces of food.
2. Take small bites when eating. Chew your food thoroughly. Make sure to cut large pieces of meat into smaller pieces.
3. Keep balloons and plastic bags away from children who may put them in their mouth or over their head.
4. Do not give any small objects to children that may cause choking. Such objects that are able to be put in their mouth and swallowed. Examples are marbles and small rubber balls.
5. Look for age guide lines on the packages of toys when selecting them for your children.

Signs of Choking http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/cpr/docs/first_aid_choking.pdf 1. What is the universal sign for choking? (2 points) - The universal sign of choking is hands clutched around the throat.
2. In addition to the universal sign for choking, there are some other signs that indicate a person is choking. Please discuss three of them. (6 points)

A. Person cannot breath, cough or speak.
B. Makes high pitched sounds when breathing.
C. Lips and finger nails may begin to appear blue.

Choking Rescue Procedure: The Heimlich Maneuver http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/cpr/docs/first_aid_choking.pdf 1. Describe the technique for giving the Heimlich maneuver for a conscious choking victim. (6 points)

A. Ask "are you choking?" If the person gestures yes, stand behind the person, wrapping your arms around the person's waist.

B. Make a fist with one hand and hold it with the other hand against the person's abdomen. Between the navel and lower end of the breat bone.

C. Provide quick, upward and inward abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) until the food or object is forced out.

If a choking person becomes unconscious, what steps should be taken to secure them assistance? (10 points)

1. Call 911 or local EMS telephone

2. Return to the person

3. Lay the person flat on his or her back

4. Open his or her mouth

5. Remove the object if you see it

Can You Save Yourself? Performing the Heimlich On Yourself http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/choking-rescue-procedure-heimlich-maneuver-choking-while-alone If you are choking and are alone, you can perform the Heimlich maneuver on yourself. What are two possible ways that could be utilized to dislodge the obstruction in your throat? (4 points)

1. You can utilize your fists to do thrust on yourself.

2. You can also lean over the back of a chair and press hard to pop out the object.