Creative Technology Exam 2 Study Guide

1) Uses a promoter- transcription 2) An anticodon is involved in this process - translation 3) Codons are involved - translation 4) Uses DNA Polymerase- replication 5) Polymerase chain reaction is a “synthetic” version of this 6) RNA polymerase is used - transcription 7) Ribosomes are used- translation 8) tRNA is used - translation 9) mRNA is produced - transcription 10) mRNA is read - translation 11) Important when a cell divides- replication 12) Uses a start codon - translation 13) A stop codon is involved - translation 14) Ends with a termination sequence - translation 15) Begins at a promoter region - transcription

16)What are the two main types of cells? * Eukaryotes: animals, plants, yeast, algae, most multicellular organisms; yes nucleus * Prokaryotes: bacteria, archaebacteria, simpler organisms; no nucleus; no membrane enclosed organelles

17) Approximate size scale of bacterial cell (1 micron) vs. animal cell (10-100 microns) vs. molecules vs. virus 18) How does the cell fit 6 feet of DNA into each cell of our body? 19) How many chromosomes do humans have? What’s the difference between male and female chromosomes? 23; XX (female) versus XY (male) 20) Plasmids are the most important entity for biotechnology. They allow the insertion of foreign DNA 21) What was the first protein biotechnology to be produced in E. coli? 22) DNA: fingerprint of cell; coding material for everything in our body; way we look and act; genetic material of an organism 23) Nucleus: 24) Ribosome: Produce proteins, form muscles in the cell 25) Mitochondria: Produces energy in cell 26) Plasmid: miscellaneous DNA, important for biotechnology; circular piece of DNA in bacteria 27) Gene: Part of DNA that codes for