...called Fransesco Petrarca, who wrote love poems, later known as sonnets, to a woman he called Laura in the 1300s. After the woman’s death the poems were published, and, with their huge popularity, writing a sonnet became a way of declaring your love to unattainable women. The sonnets were always themed around about unrequited love and despair. The concept of the sonnets spread quickly around Italy and France but waited to be taken up by the Englishmen until the 1500s. Sir Thomas Wyatt started translating some of Petracra’s sonnets into English, thereby making them readable for the people of Britain. Wyatt wrote his own sonnets as well and he added a new theme as a contrast to the formerly known one, a theme in which the writer wants to break free of the love that enslaves him. The English poet Henry Howard took up writing sonnets as well, and he added male friendship as another theme to write a sonnet about. He also came up with the iambic pentameter, which later became the official structure of a sonnet. Even though these two poets made sonnets and published them together, the sonnet tradition didn’t gain much popularity amongst the people until the 1590s. Writing sonnets suddenly became a trend and loads of authors jumped on the wagon. Sir Philip Sidney’s sonnet sequence ‘Astrohphil and Stella’ became one of the major publishings in sonnet writing, and it portrayed the classic unrequited love scenario of a man in love with an unachievable, distant woman, who marries a rich...
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...Defying Social Norms Through Writing Essentialist definitions claim that women writers avoid confrontational issues in their work. They instead choose to play it safe when it comes to the topics that they write about. Toni Morrison, Margaret Atwood, and Virginia Woolf defy this claim by writing about topics such as race, social status and gender. The novels, “The Bluest Eye,” “The Handmaid’s Tale,” and “To the Lighthouse,” are examples of how these women writers challenge the essentialists’ claims. Beauty standards are a prevailing theme in “The Bluest Eye,” by Toni Morrison. Young black girls, like the character Pecola, have to face the hurdles that the color of their skin causes for them. A theme in the novel is that whiteness is...
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...Aibhi Biswas M.A English (Final) 4 November 2013 Two need to play this game: ambiguity in Marquez’s the chronicle of a death foretold The chronicle of a death foretold is an ambiguous novella in terms of genre, narration, resolution, aim and in terms of giving agency and power to the reader/ author. The novella can be seen as a parody, a suspense thriller and a detective novel of journalistic trend. The death is the central event but there’s no mystery regarding it rather completely different questions are raised. The aim of this paper is to show that the narrator is distinct from the author but sometimes they intersect. Thus Ronald Barthes statement that the author is dead is not completely true. The authors’ present but it’s not an omnipotent presence, controlling the universal subject (the reader). But this does make the reader all powerful. Barthes implies in his essay Death of the Author. The reader follows the patterns presented by the author but the final impression, overall opinion of the text and the reader’s reaction are not prefigured or controlled by the author. Thus the author and the reader together form the overall value of the text. Raymond Williams explains the formation of the category of Literature, its ever expanding and changing parameters\paradigms are explained in his essay Marxism and Literature. This paper will show the growing value of Latin American Literature, becoming a part of the literary canon, valued as a skillful piece of art. This...
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...the course of her pregnancy. Plath was born in 1932 the first child of Otto and Aurelia Plath in Boston, Massachusetts. Her parents “demanded superior academic performance” and this resulted in Plath being somewhat of a perfectionist in her writing (Carmean 1). She was “subject to the anxieties of the perfectionist incapable of satisfying her own standards” and often felt her work was not of the quality it needed to be (O’Connor 1). The majority of her work was composed from the early fifties up till her death from suicide in 1963. There were not a lot of female poets at this time in the 1950’s and “women were encouraged to believe their main roles in life were those of wives and mothers” (Carmean 1). She was determined to forge ahead and make a name for herself. She was focused solely on her writings and didn’t want to involve herself in anything that would prevent her from the creative process. She wanted to be famous and have her work published in the best magazines. When she was in England “she studied as a Fulbright Fellow at Cambridge University….she met and married poet Ted Hughes” (O’Connor 1). She “[dedicated] much effort to her husband’s poetic career” and as a result she put her aspirations on hold (O’Connor 1). Before her death “[she] had established herself as one of the most promising writers of her generation and as one of the foremost modern interpreters of the female experience” (O’Connor 1). She suffered from depression most of her life and dealt with self-doubt...
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...2010 by Pepe Nicomedes "Nick" Joaquín This is the best biography of Nick that I’ve encountered so far… The 1996 Ramón Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts BIOGRAPHY of Nick Joaquín Resil B. Mojares He was the greatest Filipino writer of his generation. Over six decades and a half, he produced a body of work unmatched in richness and range by any of his contemporaries. Living a life wholly devoted to the craft of conjuring a world through words, he was the writer’s writer. In the passion with which he embraced his country’s manifold being, he was his people’s writer as well. Nick Joaquín was born in the old district of Pacò in Manila, Philippines, on September 15, 1917, the feast day of Saint Nicomedes, a protomartyr of Rome, after whom he took his baptismal name. He was born to a home deeply Catholic, educated, and prosperous. His father, Leocadio Joaquín, was a person of some prominence. Leocadio was a procurador (attorney) in the Court of First Instance of Laguna, where he met and married his first wife, at the time of the Philippine Revolution. He shortly joined the insurrection, had the rank of colonel, and was wounded in action. When the hostilities ceased and the country came under American rule, he built a successful practice in law. Around 1906, after the death of his first wife, he married Salomé Márquez, Nick’s mother. A friend of General Emilio Aguinaldo, Leocadio was a popular lawyer in Manila and the Southern Tagalog provinces...
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...Analysis of Blanche tragic life Abstract : As one of the most important play writers of America after the World War Ⅱ, Tennessee Williams won lots of theatrical awards for his masterpiece A Streetcar Named Desire. As a result, Blanche, the heroine in the play, had been the focus point of the critics. This thesis tries to analyze profoundly the cause of the tragedy of Blanche from several aspects .As Williams T concluded, ‘The heroine Blanche was struggling between reality and fantasy, finally, her spirit was broken drastically under the beat of ruthless reality. She was the typical weak woman and victim in the patriarchal society. Her tragedy shows that the woman can’t escape the control of the typical patriarchal society in any case of resistances.’(Williams, 2).Some of William’s points will be elaborated in this paper which includes four parts. Chapter one serves as an “introduction”, which gives a general review of main characters in the novel. Chapter two, “Character of Blanche” ,Blanche’s being trapped by the conventionality; Blanche’s illusion about men; Blanche’s illusion about herself; her husband’s suicide; Stanley’s rude behavior and sense of dominance; Stella’s betrayal; Mitch’s desertion and the cold realistic world. In conclusion, it is the Blanche’s illusion about men ,herself and cruelty of Stanley that mainly causes her tragedy. Keywords: tragedy conventionality illusion 1．Introduction 1.1 Review of the protagonist In Tennessee Williams' "A Streetcar...
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...Jordan Sells ENGL 110 11th April, 2013 The Truth Behind The Fiction; Virginia Woolf’s Thoughts The strive for gender equality did not just begin when women decided to take up their pitchforks and sticks in contest at some town square somewhere in an European village; the expression of desire for a society of androgynous minds began in much subtler forms such as writing. Simply putting down in ink how one felt or perceived the world in the old days was all a woman could do, at least, without prosecution, if she had any “money and a room of her own” (Woolf 21). Perhaps that was what Virginia Woolf had been thinking whilst writing her book, A Room of One’s Own (1929). Woolf wrote her books in a time where only men deserved to be scholars, have respectable jobs, titles and earn reasonable amounts of money, whereas women would take up meager jobs and earn little or no money; thus limiting the public voice they had to express themselves. She therefore tried to leave a legacy or sort of encouragement for women who despite these unfortunate circumstances, wished to express themselves in a scholarly manner such as writing. By stating that a woman needed money, “five hundred a year”, and a room of her own (Woolf 21&40), Woolf simply implied empowerment and privacy; as the former was that which women greatly lacked and the latter was an abode in which one could peacefully, without restrictions or disturbances, express the mind as well as the soul. Woolf kept from making a definite...
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...Name:Darrion Duhart Date:2/7/16 Graded Assignment Research Paper First Draft Type your name and the date at the top of this page. Type or paste your draft into this document. Be sure that your draft is double-spaced and in 12 point, Times New Roman font. Save the file as: ENG402A_S1_5.1_Research Paper First Draft_FirstInitial_LastName.docx Example: ENG402A_S1_5.1_Research Paper First Draft_M_Smith.docx Total score: ____ of 200 points (Score for Question 1: ___ of 200 points) Answer: In his poem, 'Scorn not the Sonnet' (Poetical Works, 1827), Wordsworth famously said that the sonnets were the 'key' with which 'Shakespeare unlocked his heart' and whilst this can certainly be seen to be the case, the sonnets do much more than that. Writing of various forms of love, and indeed of love itself, using the contemporary sonnet form, Shakespeare develops the aspects of love which the sonnets reflect into an all-encompassing discussion on the major themes of life itself that continue to inform and direct the human condition, a fact which is perhaps partly responsible for their continuing popularity with both public and critics alike. This dissertation sets out to discover, through close reading of carefully selected representative sonnets and critical context, the way Shakespeare accomplishes this. The sonnet form as Shakespeare, whose 154 sonnets were first published in 1609, and his contemporaries used it was introduced into England in the sixteenth century by Sir Thomas Wyatt who...
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...World Religion Report Seventh-Day Adventist Church Axia of University of Phoenix Seventh-Day Adventist falls under the denomination of Christianity. They are a faith community rooted in the beliefs described in the Holy Scriptures. They believe that Jesus is one of the three persons; The Father, The Son, and Holy Spirit called the Trinity who makes up one God. The Holy Bible describes Jesus as the Father and the Holy Spirit as each being committed to our growth as Christians and to our salvation as their children. The salvation was made possible by Jesus being born as a human baby. He lived perfectly according to God’s perfect will, died innocently for all sins, and was placed in a tomb where he then rose from the dead in three days. When I sat down to interview my source, whom asked not to be mention by name, I asked her, what is the core or main beliefs of a SDA worshipper; she replied, “they (SDA) have a set of core beliefs we live by; we believe that the Seventh Day Sabbath or Jewish Sabbath was never changed and therefore we continue to observe the Sabbath on Saturday instead of Sunday. It is observed from sundown Friday night until sundown on Saturday night. They believe just as most other Christians that Jesus will soon return and their mission in the meanwhile is to get the people prepared for this day. The SDA believe that they have the right to “Religious Freedom based on the idea of the church that those who worship Jesus on Saturdays will be...
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...wild and is overwhelmed by “immense mountains and precipices that overhung (him) on every side – the sound of the river raging among the rocks, and the dashing of the waterfalls around, (which) spoke of a power mighty as Omnipotence…”(97). For Victor, the supremacy of nature is God-like and awesome and contrasts with his adherence to the scientific. His access to this transcendent experience is a singularly masculine endeavor. While we have some idea of Victor’s thoughts and feelings, an exact interpretation (and there are many) of the Wanderer’s emotional state remains subjective. The significant point to be argued, however, is that it is a man observing this astonishing view, not a woman. In contrast, Woman at the Window reveals a woman’s view – squeezed through the small opening of a window, sheltered and protected on all sides by the straight lines of the walls, the window shutters and wooden floors of a room. Like the male subject in Wanderer, her back is to her observer. Unlike the male subject, one cannot see exactly what she sees because her body blocks the window. In the Wanderer, you can experience the vastness of his vista. There is no vast vista for Woman. Her worldview is framed by the constraints of the window. She is inside; the Wanderer is outside. Her worldview is through a window. A ship's mast, an avatar of human longing, is in the distance. Men sail out in ships; women watch them go, a parallel of the interaction between Captain Walton and Mrs. Saville...
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...IRWLE VOL. 6 No. II July 2010 1 Mirror-Writing: Social-realism O.Henry and Prem Chand in the short stories of - Tanweer Jehan All writers are true inheritors and by virtue of their creative power contribute in the very process of inheritance. They take whether consciously or not, what their predecessors pass on to them, through the great treasure house of thought and feeling registered in their works. Then from their space in time and place, the socio-political conditions of the immediate world influencing their creativity and their contribution in turn, impact the lives of people ; individual lives and also certain section or class of society. This becomes more evident in times of political or socio-economic crises in the lives of nations when they are fighting for freedom, civil rights or some major changes are taking place in the social or political structure of society. Writers as social-realists reflect and thus cause changes in the society at a given point in time. This makes their writings more relevant and valuable for the future generations. 19thcentury and early 20thcentury witnessed this paradigm shift across cultures and literature written there around saw it projected with sincerity and firmness of purpose. In this article I take to find the changes that were taking place and how these were faithfully reflected in the short narrative writings of two master narrators, about their respective cultures and socio-political inheritance-O. Henry...
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...Reading Between the Lines: An analysis of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or, the Modern Prometheus, using Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto as an example of male discourse about women Louise Othello Knudsen English Almen, 10th semester Master’s Thesis 31-07-2012 Tabel of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Historical Context .............................................................................................................................. 10 The View on Women and Their Expected Roles in the late 18th and 19th Century ....................... 11 - Mary Shelley disowns herself .................................................................................................. 11 - Mary Shelley’s Background .................................................................................................... 12 Women’s Role in Frankenstein ..................................................................................................... 13 Men’s Role in Frankenstein ........................................................................................................... 13 - Women in Society and Women as Writers .........................................................
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...into account. Each person should engage in a program of treatment, prevention, cure, or general health only in consultation with a licensed, qualified physician, therapist, or other competent professional. Any person suffering from venereal disease or any local illness of his or her sexual organs or prostate gland should consult a medical doctor and a qualified instructor of sexual yoga before practicing the sexual methods described in this book. PLEXUS 815-A Brazos, Suite 445-B Austin, TX 78701 © 1997 by David Deida All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. 9 8 7 6 5 First Edition Printed in the United States on acid free paper Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-72534 Publisher's Cataloging-in-Publication Data Deida, David. The way of the superior man : a spiritual guide to mastering the challenges of women, work, and sexual desire / David Deida. p. cm. ISBN: 1-889762-10-5 (hb) 1. Masculinity (Psychology) 2. Man-woman...
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...Introduction A modern controversy: the case of George Tiller (BBC) p. 3 Definitions and technical language p. 6 Methods used p. 7 Family Planning Association fact sheet p. 8 Religion and the Sanctity of Life The Sanctity of Life p. 12 A critique of the Sanctity of Life: Jonathan Glover p. 14 Christian perspectives: Methodists and Catholics p. 16 ‘Ensoulment’, soul, and the sacredness of life p. 18 Religious views in conflict: liberalism and conservatism p. 19 Philosophical Problems in Abortion An argument against abortion p. 20 Personhood p. 21 A ‘person’ as rational and self-conscious: Peter Singer p. 24 Moral rights: the foetus and the mother p. 26 A woman’s right to an abortion: Judith Jarvis Thomson p. 28 ‘Why abortion is immoral’: Don Marquis p. 29 Anthology of Texts Unit 2 model answers: ethics (Edexcel) ‘Why abortion challenges us all’: Rowan Williams ‘Contraception and abortion within Protestant Christianity’: Gloria Albrecht ‘Virtue theory and abortion’: Rosalind Hursthouse Appendix: sample exam questions and level descriptors Notes Pages A Modern Controversy: the Case of George Tiller Profile: George Tiller (2009) To some anti-abortionists George Tiller, who was shot dead on Sunday, was a mass murderer known as "Tiller the Killer". To his patients and many pro-choice supporters, he was a hero committed to women in need of help. For two decades, Dr...
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...far out, where no woman had swum before” (583). This passage where Edna learns how to swim is significant in her awakening as it symbolizes Edna’s growing independence as well as a growing spiritual connection with the sea - which she returns to by the novel’s end. This is in agreement with Heilmann’s reading: Edna’s midnight swim is much more than a victory of physical coordination. It establishes her sense of self-ownership, physical, mental and spiritual, which in turn triggers two fundamental insights that determine her progression from disengaged wife to autonomous subject: in control of her body, she becomes aware of its potential for pleasure and learns to claim her right to self determination … (87) After her “encounter with death” (583), she returns to the shore feeling a sense of “achievement” (583) and “intoxicated with her newly conquered power” (583). However, her husband assures her, “You were not so very far, my dear; I was watching you,” (583). While he is doing so unknowingly, he nonetheless is diminishing Edna’s experience in the same way that John diminishes much of what his wife says in The Yellow Wallpaper. It also demonstrates the fundamental disconnection between them, while Léonce doesn’t seem to notice. It is suggested in both stories that being in control of one’s own environment plays an important role in this quest for independence. However, this is something that marriage Victorian society will not offer women as demonstrated with John and Léonce’s...
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