...Patrick Kelly Privatization Privatization of criminal justice has a long history in this country, driven in part by distrust of government's power and its perceived incompetence and corruptibility, and in part by efficiency and accomplishments of the private sector. While recognizing the advantages of privatization, the contributors find that the criminal justice system may not be as amenable to privatization as other government functions (Shicor & Gilbert, 2002). Moreover, deficiencies in the contracts through which private firms take over criminal justice functions may be uncorrectable, and resumption of performance by the government in the event of market failure may be difficult. Differences between the goals of public governmental and private commercial organizations, as well as difficulties in monitoring performance, create the risk that the management of privatized criminal justice may be subordinate to public policy. Several guidelines are offered to minimize the risks while obtaining the advantages of criminal justice privatization (Shicor & Gilbert, 2002). Militarization Despite historical efforts to make laws that enforce this distinction, during the past four decades domestic policing in the United States has become increasingly militarized. Domestic law enforcement has taken on the characteristics of the armed forces by engaging in military-style training, acquiring military weapons, and utilizing military tactics in everyday operations. To illustrate...
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...Global Crimes Analysis University of Phoenix Cynthia Butler CJA/394 April 16, 2012 This paper will identify the various major global crimes and criminal issues that affect national and international criminal justice systems and processes. In addition, there will be a comparison and contrast of the different criminal justice systems and how they have addressed major global crimes and criminal issues. Global crime is an issue that threatens the safety and security of people all over the world. Global crime can be international drug smuggling operations, human trafficking, or international prostitution rings. Weapons trading are also a problem that exists all over the world. There are always concerns of rogue nations selling nuclear weapons to other nations that do not follow the guidelines of the world community. In the international community, human trafficking has become an issue that is spiraling out of control. The "International Trafficking" (2010) website cites that victims of this crime are usually trafficked both within the countries borders and inside other countries borders. Human trafficking happens in different ways, sex trafficking occurs all over the world, while Burma traffics children to be soldiers. The trafficking crimes are not contained to other countries as Florida has been known to have forced labor practices within the citrus fields. Lucas (2011) addresses the difficulties in securing weapons caches that can be...
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...Criminal Justice Organizational Trends CJA/444 April 29, 2014 Tim Slovak Criminal Justice Organizational Trends The act of making or becoming different; change. Change is a process of evolution and remains constant. What accompanies change could be good or bad, but regardless of the change adjustments must be made to accommodate change. These changes, adjustments and accommodations, are referred to as trends. Such trends within United States criminal justice organizations are vital in keeping pace with societal change and combating crime. Some recent trends are the privatization and militarization of criminal justice organizations. In this writing, I will discuss and attempt to compare these trends with current criminal justice organizations. The privatization of criminal justice organizations stems from the idea that awarding contracts to private companies that could run such services efficiently and effectively would potentially save and even earn the government money. (Nichols, 2010) To understand privatized policing we must first differentiate between police and private security force. Although both function as public safety officials and the duties performed are similar, they are two separate entities. “The term police typically refers to sworn officers working as members of the executive branch of government rather than to private security agents or agencies.” (Forst, p. 22, 2000) A private security agency while serving in the same capacity as a...
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...American WRITERS WRITE, READERS BUY… African American CONTENTRADER Agriculture Amy Nourse Andy Foster Bart Welser Best Companies Bisexual Budgeting ACADEMIC TOPICS, C. J. OAKES, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, ETHICS & MORALITY, LAW, MODERN CIVILIZATION, PEOPLE, UNCATEGORIZED Celebrities HOW SIR ROBERT PEEL INFLUENCED MODERN POLICING Change NOVEMBER 6, 2015 CONTENTRADER 1 COMMENT Business & Finance C. J. Oakes Casual Sex Claire Jeffers Classic Literature Climate Change Collectibles Commercial Art Communication Community Conspiracy Theories Sir Robert Peel indisputably has wielded more influence on modern policing than anyone else. In fact, his influence has been so strong that he is often referred to as the father of policing. To what extent is this the case? PLEASE FOLLOW & LIKE US :) Translate » Constitution Constitutional Law ContenTrader Admin Corporations Corrections Courts Policing the population is an activity carried out by governments for thousands of years. It was not until Sir Robert Peel persuaded the British Parliament to create the London Metropolitan Police in 1829 that policing took on the professional auspices known today (Villiers, 2006). Creative Writing Crime Criminal Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Administration...
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...[pic] The Criminal Justice System Tiffany Verin Professor: Tom Minkoff Introduction to Criminal Justice July 7, 2012 The criminal justice system is a well-defined assembly of legal and organizational systems originated and ruled by Governments to regulate and administer punishment on those who disregard or break laws. In the United States there are distinct federal, state and military criminal justice systems and each state has independent structure and organizational system for adults and juveniles. The purpose of the criminal justice system is to provide justice for all by disciplining and convicting the guilty and then rehabilitating offenders making them productive, law abiding members of society while protecting the innocent and assuring due process. The criminal justice system follows a course of action in which criminal behavior is examined arrests are made, evidence is compiled, charges are brought forth, safeguards/pleas are advanced, hearings are held, sentencing is bestowed and punishment is put in to effect. “The United States is the greatest law factory the world has ever known”. Charles Evans Hughes (1930). The criminal justice system is composed of several main systems, system components, public institutions and their staff. Main Systems: [pic] The core components that make up the criminal justice system are law enforcement, courts and corrections. Law enforcement agencies...
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...Alternatives to Incarceration Abstract Our country continues to search alternatives to the overcrowded prisons bulging at the seams. Citizens are crying for a relief on taxation in funding these prisons. The criminal justice system has searched for years for ideas to limit incarceration. Some alternative programs have withstood the test of time, some continue to build a name for themselves, and others have just come onto the scene. This paper will focus on three alternative programs to placing adults in prisons. These programs include military services, intensive supervision programs (ISP’s), and Restorative Justice programs. Each provides some type of benefit to criminals, corrections department, and society. Alternatives to Incarceration Our country seems to have gone in various directions trying to find a successful justice system to work in punishing crimes. We went from a rehabilitation system, to no tolerance policies in the 1980’s. Overcrowded prisons forced officials to let prisoners out early in the 90’s. Taxpayers wanted something done with crime in their communities, but didn’t know which way to turn. A faulty criminal justice system has been blamed in such that it had, “Inadequate or ineffective rehabilitation programs, lack of drug treatment, insufficient funding for resettlement after prison, and other . . . policies. . . .”, (Sherman & Strang, 2007, p. 12). Crimes continue to be a major concern within American society, yet our only response...
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...For those who draw peers between domestic policing and military strategy, it may be helpful to consider a recent shift in the approach of the military to the question of troop strength/deployment strategy: we are now considering reducing our reliance on large, standing forces of military personnel and instead creating a number of small, highly trained, and technology-rich quick strike Ranger- style units that can move to (and from) various “hot spot” areas as needed. This strategy may represent a possible deployment model for local, state, and federal police agencies that use various forms of hard technology ( cameras, gunshot location devices, CCTV) and soft technology (crime mapping, hot spot analysis) to monitor areas (and analyze crime patterns) from a central...
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...The Nuremberg Trials: Justice for the Jews 24. That is the number of major war criminals indicted of aggressive war, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. After facing the horrors of the Holocaust, Jews had gotten justice by having their captors put in jail, or dead. Although, a few got away with horrific crimes. Started in 1945 and carried out through 1949, the Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials that accused many Nazi war criminals. Carried out in Nuremberg, Germany, the Nuremberg Trials were a series of 13 trials carried out between 1945 and 1949. Even after 1949, they were carried out for another two years, but only with separate or minor war criminals. They were directed in Nuremberg because Robert Jackson, the Supreme Court Justice at...
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...Uganda: Beyond the Simplicity of Peace vs. Justice Paper by David Lanz The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy May 2007 The ICC in Northern Uganda David Lanz Introduction The creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) via the entry into force of the Rome Statute on July 1st 2002 sparked enthusiasm. For M. Cherif Bassiouni, “The ICC combines humanistic values and policy considerations essential for the attainment of the goals of justice, redress and prevention as well as the need for the restoration of world order and world peace.”1 Ironically, five years after its creation, the Court has been accused of being an impediment to what it was created to promote: peace. With regards to Northern Uganda, Bassiouni remarks that the ICC indictments against five senior members of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), “was received negatively by some individuals involved in the Ugandan peace process,” who “have argued that it has undercut their efforts to advance peace initiatives.”2 The claim that the ICC’s intervention in Northern Uganda obstructs peace seems obvious. It is expressed in its simplicity by Father Carlos Rodriguez: “nobody can convince a rebel leader to come to the negotiating table and at the same time tell him that when the war ends he will be brought to trial.”3 This paper examines the criticism that the ICC obstructs peace in Northern Uganda. It aims to go beyond the simplistic framework of peace vs. justice, which suggests that the pursuit of peace...
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...and rights that reflect accepted views of its society. Most of society view law as a mechanism that controls crime and levies punishment for violation of those crimes. Businesses have a much broader view of law and are must adhere overwhelming number of federal and state governmental regulations. Because of the complexity of laws that we must adhere to as ordinary citizens or business owners it is imperative that we seek proper legal representation. Being employed by a federal organization requires me to adhere to laws that are separate from civilian law. In the military Service Members must adhere to the Uniform Code of Military Justice. According to "Uniform Code of Military Justice" (2014), The UCMJ was passed by Congress on 5 May 1950, signed into law by President Harry S. Truman, and became effective on 31 May 1951. The word Uniform in the Code’s title refers to the congressional intent to make military justice uniform or consistent among the armed services. According to...
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...to spiral out of control and lose everything. With that being said, I would like to discuss the significance that a specialty court in support of our veterans would have not only on the veterans life, but on society as well. 1.64 million soldiers have served in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom since 2001, some have come home and some have not. Of those 1.64 million soldiers, nearly half have come home to nothing, their significant other left them while they were gone, so not only does the psychological wounds inflicted on them by the trauma of war, but couple that with being alone and not seeking help for the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) that nearly 50 percent of our military is diagnosed with, can be devastating and disastrous. A soldier with PTSD and TBI can have every aspect of their life affected including their behavior, which is a result of the symptoms of these psychological wounds and involves most veterans within the...
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... Abstract: Through out this paper I will be discussing the types of prisons, as well as the differences between Jail and Prisons. I will also discussing Aspects about jail and prison culture and subculture. Next I will be talking about the role jails have a part in our criminal justice system. Then I will be discussing about how violent behavior among all those involved in the prison system from inmates to the staff and role of probation and parole. Types of prisons There are four types of prisons federal, state, municipal, and military. Federal prison is operated and managed by the government who normally house inmates who have been convicted of a crime in violation of a federal statue. State prisons are facilities operated by a state and used to house and rehabilitate criminals. State prisons have a minimum and maximum security prisons which are divided based on the severity of the crime. Municipal prison is a high security prison. Military prison is operated by the military and is used to house prisoners of war, enemy combatants, those whose freedom is deemed a national security risk by the military or national authority and member of the military found guilty of a serious crime. (Department of Corrections WA State", 2012) Differences between jail and prisons: Although many people consider jail and prison the same thing but there are many differences the public should be aware of. For example, Ellisville county jail typically...
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...Criminal Justice System Name: Institutional Affiliation: Date: Question One The criminal justice system refers to the set of processes as well as agencies established by the governments aimed for controlling crimes as well as imposing penalties on individuals who violate laws. In America, various parts of the criminal justice system in America, including prisons, policing, and courts, developed gradually at the state and federal levels. Different jurisdictions have got different agencies, laws, as well as ways of managing the criminal justice processes. The criminal justice system of America was founded on common law, biblical teachings and the United States constitution as well as other sources. The criminal justice system is hugely based on the Bill of Rights which advocates for equal treatment of all individuals as well as ensuring that all the rights and liberties of individuals are well safeguarded. The modern criminal justice system is as a result of various evolutionary changes that the society has undergone ever since the inception of United States of America. The Americans relied significantly on religion in designing their criminal justice system which would help in shaping the American society as well as its behaviors (Burns, 2007). Question Two The American criminal justice helps in enforcing the country’s criminal laws. In America, criminal justice system is categorized into three levels: military, state and federal. In addition to these levels, every state...
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...Ljubljana Session Report 2013 September Regional Academy of United Nations Tuesday, September 3, 2013 Bled Strategic Forum Panel discussion International criminal justice: a precondition for a prosperous economic future? The international community is facing geopolitical and economic changes, but still violent conflicts dominate the global headlines. Is this the modern, civilized world? My own opinion.. shock our conscience why are these atrocities still happening? what can be done to prevent them? what price dp the States pay for the mass destruction? (how can it be measured? human values..without a price) how does it affect our and their economies? does lack of criminal justice deter potential investors? or: can justice stimulate economic growth? Can both help prevent conflict? Conflicts thrive on impunity. Impunity encourages more violence and only exacerbates further injustice. Impunity, instability – feeding further into extremists and nationalistic tendencies. (raising the tensions in a fragile or post-conflict society) The unstable environment discourage international and national investments (or look from the other side: why is is unstable? because they took their lands? (Egypt – Kairói Világnépesedési Konferencia) what are the main roots of failed states, or insecure regions? why is the environment unstable? international investments or national investments?) internal conflicts seem to occur disproportionately in low income and low-growth...
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