...| Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation | Stephanie Conley | CJA/394 | | 2/20/2012 | Alan Hazen | Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation The criminal justice system is set within our society for a way to protect individuals from people that are trying to harm him or her. The reasons for these laws are to protect all persons from others who could intentionally or potentially do harm them. The two works together to try to meet the same end result to protect the innocent and punish the guilty. Society has people who continuously choose to evolve. Society continues to change and as well as their perceptions, this is responsible for the trends that take place in our society and within the criminal justice system. This paper will attempt to assess the previous, current, and imminent trends in the criminal justice system. This paper will attempt to evaluate and identify recent and future trends, and contemporary issues that the criminal justice system is faced with. The criminal justice system is viewed as a system that presents a harsh existence. Some view the system to be too lenient. There are many people who believe that the criminal justice system has been judged to be one sided. Criminal justice has had trends that have taken place for many centuries. A major issue within the criminal justice system which has had many trends and this is capital punishment. Capital punishment has always existed in the criminal justice system. And it was...
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...Myia M. Hardy CJA/204 Introduction to Criminal Justice Instructor: Ron Furtado November 1, 2011 The criminal justice system is a set of legal and social institutions for enforcing the criminal law in accordance with a defined set of procedural rules and limitations. In the United States, there are separate federal, state, and military criminal justice systems; each state has separate systems for adults and juveniles. Criminal justice systems include several major subsystems, composed of one or more public institutions and their staffs: police and other law enforcement agencies; trial and appellate courts; prosecution and public defender offices; probation and parole agencies; custodial institutions ( jails, prisons, reformatories, halfway houses, etc.); and departments of corrections (responsible for some or all probation, parole, and custodial functions). Some jurisdictions also have a sentencing guidelines commission. Other important public and private actors in this system include: defendants; private defense attorneys; bail bondsmen; other private agencies providing assistance, supervision, or treatment of offenders; and victims and groups or officials representing or assisting them (e.g., crime victim compensation boards). In addition, there are numerous administrative agencies whose work includes criminal law enforcement (e.g., driver and vehicle licensing bureaus; agencies dealing with natural resources and taxation). Legislators and other elected officials...
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...Models of Criminal Justice When discussing larger issues such as The Criminal Justice System of America, so often that larger issue is comprised of a myriad of contributing issues that must be addressed. All too often these issues cross the boundaries of the codified models. When we approach the laudable goals of crime control, specifically the burden to keep our citizens safe from criminal abuses, we speak of appropriate penalties for breaking laws, deterrents and “the repression of criminal conduct” (Neubauer & Fradella, 2014, p. 19). The tenets of the due process model are also very worthy. As a reasonable person, I value the protection of individual rights, specifically since it figures so largely in Scripture. As an example, in Proverbs 31:9 we are told to “defend the rights of the poor and needy” and Leviticus 19:15 tells us to “not be partial to the poor or defer to the great” (English Standard Version, 2014). I also think that a person’s circumstances should factor into the evaluation of the offense and that just as God’s redemption is available to all who choose to receive it, so, too, redemption, or rehabilitation, should be offered more often than it is denied. The Question of Balance in the Criminal Justice System One of the hallmarks of the United States justice system is supposed to be its systems of checks and balances with important contributions from citizens of the community, both in our style of government as well as in our criminal justice system. The...
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...Criminal Justice Trends Erin Berger CJA/394 Monday, March 5, 2012 University of Phoenix, Troy Hokanson Criminal Justice Trends The criminal justice system is set within our society as a means to protect those individuals that are innocent from those who intend to harm him or her. The purpose of a law is meant to protect a person from a person who could intentionally or potentially harm them. The two, work together to try and meet with the same results, to protect the innocent and punish the guilty. We as a society are full of people whom choose to continuously evolve. We are changing and as we change our perceptions change and as our perceptions change our society changes. This is responsible for the trends that take place in our society and inevitably within our criminal justice system. In this paper we will endeavor to assess previous, current, and imminent trends in the boundary amongst mechanisms of the criminal justice system and criminal justice associations with adjacent society. In our assessment we will also attempt to evaluate and identify recent and future trends and contemporary issues that affect our criminal justice system and try to determine the value of the criminal justice system in a changing society (University of Phoenix Student website, 2010). Many have viewed the criminal justice system as simply presenting a harsh existence. Some have viewed it as being too lax. There are many individuals that could agree that at one...
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...troubling the authorities. Overcrowding in modern prisons is multidimensional problem. Various reasons are blamed for the challenge but they significantly differ from one nation to the other. Causes of prison overcrowding are not limited to the bounds of criminal justice but stretch to other facets of authorities including social welfare plans, availability and ease of access to health services, formal education and job opportunities. Debates on how to handle this issue on political platforms is an enough illustration of the problems political leaders undergo in looking for a lasting solution challenged by increased pressure from court orders and rigorous financial crisis. It is therefore evident that it is much easier to have overcrowded prisons than it is to develop and implement effective and efficient ways to manage overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in prisons is a broad problem that is centered on issues of policies and crime research. These issues involve criminal sentencing, the role of correctional facilities and sentences, accommodation of prisoners with access to health care and rehabilitation services and causes of crimes. Moreover, issues of which crime attracts what sentence, prison budgets, economic hardships and criminal policies in determining the kinds of punishment are all attached to overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in Prisons is a challenging issue due to its complexity in determining how all these issues affect it. Lack of clarity on how various issues interact...
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...Snitches get Stitches Name Green River College Eng127: Writing in the Social Sciences Ariadne Rooney October 29, 2015 Snitches get Stitches Direct evidence is type of evidence that gives the jury a direct connection between the suspect and the crime scene, such as an eye witness. Eye witnesses do help convict guilty suspects but there are many instances where testimonies are altered to have a bias in order to receive an incentive or for some reason the testimony is recanted. This kind of incentivized lie is often referred to as a jailhouse informant, or a snitch. The jailhouse informant is used mostly in drug and murder cases and has been one of the largest contributions to a wrongful conviction and most judicial systems do not place proper policy to prevent this manipulation. This essay will highlight the history of the use and abuse of jailhouse informants, laws that prevent the misuse of snitches, and the many sides around the controversial issue. Historical Background As long as eye-witness testimonies have been regarded as a reliable source, they have been potentially unreliable. Rob Warden for The Northwestern University School of Law Center of Wrongful Convictions (2004) states that the history of the snitch dates back to our most rudimentary sense of law, predating the Pilgrims arriving to the New World. Although, the first documented case in the United States isn’t until 1819. This case involved two brothers, Jesse and Stephen Boorn, who were suspects...
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...observed to have intrigue just in discovery of cases by any methods. Exploratory investigation of examination, arraignment, trial and revision has never been a region of enthusiasm for the police. This approach of watertight compartment of police learns about wrongdoings and hoodlums make them to overlook the causative also, preventive parts of wrongdoing in the public arena. A holistic approach has been lacking for the treatment of crimes and criminals in the public eye. Another reason progressed for the absence of learning of scientific techniques for investigation among police is that in our current arrangement of police examination the 'Ducking Theory, appears to command the reasoning of the higher-ups in police. So the policemen are not legitimately taught the exploration of examination in the foundations, as a consequence of which the cops don't what's more, can't capacity legitimately and experimentally. Correspondence with the occupants close to the scene of occurrence, suspects, charged and so forth is essential piece of criminal examination. A large portion of the IPS officers in the state administration are from different states and they are not having familiarity with the vernacular dialect. There is a claim that by abusing this debilitation a considerable lot of the partial subordinate officers who are...
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...approach to the offender much the same as would be made to the mentally ill, neglected, or underprivileged. It was based on a more humane ideology, a treatment model, in which criminal behavior is seen as a manifestation of pathology that can be handled by some form of therapeutic activity. However, although the criminal may be referred to as sick, a treatment ideology is not analogous to a medical approach. The justification for the comparison with physical and mental illness lies in the assumed need for the offender to recognize the danger and undesirability of his criminal behavior and make a significant effort to renounce it. The treatment model does not "remove" criminal behavior, as surgery might remove a malignancy or chemotherapy extinguish an infection; rather the "patient" or inmate is made to see the rewards of socially acceptable behavior and encouraged to adopt it as a mode of conduct for himself. (1) Contrary to some popular misconceptions, the treatment ideology does not mean that inmates are "coddled" and permitted to do as they please within an institution. ______________________________ (1) Sanford Bates, "The Establishment and Early Years of the Federal Probation System," Federal Probation 51 June 1987, p : 4-9. - National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, A National Strategy to Reduce Crime, Washington , U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973p: 121. In fact, some form of treatment ideology can permeate the most...
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...An issue facing the criminal justice system today is more juvenile offenders. There are more and more juvenile offenders. Children are growing up so fast in today’s world that they are committing crimes at younger ages. This issue impacts the criminal justice system in a few ways. One the juvenile detention centers will get crowding with youth. The probation programs will also get crowded. Probation officer will be over worked because of so many cases. If the issue was magnified the juvenile justice system would only get more over worked then what it is now and more and more youth would slip through the cracks and not get the help that they need, and would most likely become repeat offenders and go into adult life committing crimes. The crime rates will rise and society would become even more fearful. I f the issue were to decrease the juvenile system would be able to help the juvenile offender more individually to help them get on the right path in their lives. We would be able to try to help more youth offenders get the help that they need to become better upstanding citizens. Society would become less fearful and more willing to help youth more, rather than considering them a lost cause when they do get into trouble. The personnel in the criminal justice system would have to work even harder because of a higher work load if the issue magnified. There would be more cases assigned to the personnel that they would not be able to commit the quality time to all cases, some...
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...used for women happened to be given in many different forms which really caused problems during this time. Some of the women that happened to be serious offenders happened to be hung or even burned. Plus, there happened to be some women that were sold as slaves to others. Since then women’s prisons have changed completely. If they were to commit a crime they will be punished for it, but they will be punished in the proper way without violating their rights. A number of individuals happen to argue that the 1800 century and the early 1900 century happened to be a period in which the change of the juvenile criminals would have taken place. There were a lot of key features that were in the juvenile justice system which happened to cause tension between the systems of punishment and reformation, plus the separation of all of the juveniles from adults of the criminal justice system. I believe that if there wasn’t a difference between the prisons for the juveniles and adults there would be a lot of problems that would occur in different prisons. They happen to be separated for a reason, and if they weren’t different I feel that juveniles would be more in danger than the adults in prisons. There happened to be prison labor also, which happens to be the type of work that is done by those who have been imprisoned for committing crimes....
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...How the National Offender Management Service works March 2012 Introduction Who we are Key functions Our structure How NOMS Works introduction who we are key functions our structure “ Our vision is that there will be fewer victims, and our “ communities will be safer NOMS was established in 2008 with a clear brief, to bring together the commissioning and provision of offender services in prison and in the community, ensuring best value for public money. So organisational change isn’t new to us; it’s part of what we are all about. But the reality now is that we are in a new world, with the double challenge of responding to the policy priorities of the Coalition Government and significantly reducing our costs by approximately 23 per cent by 2015. The rate of change and scale of challenge for both Prisons and Probation is unprecedented. To meet our objectives of protecting the public and reducing reoffending – we have reshaped and transformed the way we operate creating a leaner organisation focused on outcomes for the public. We have dismantled our old regional model, and our structure has been fundamentally reshaped to support HQ and Central Services front line delivery at much reduced cost. Perhaps most significantly, our new structure makes a clear distinction between the different functions of the Agency – commissioning services; delivering those services directly such as through HM Prison Service and national operational services such as licence recall and population...
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...Criminal Justice System CJA/204 Crime is an omission or act which violates laws that results to punishment of an individual. The specific omissions or acts that constitute a crime are determined by the governmental bodies from the area you live. At any given time you will most likely be subject to three sets of laws. Defined is the first set federal statute. Outlined by the state government where you live is the second set. The third set is laws enacted by local government. If conflict ever arises in local rule or state in federal law generally federal law will control. The crime or offense level will usually be set from how sever the crime. Paying a fine to being incarceration can be the range of punishment. Law means a set of rules, regulations and principles by following which the society runs. Before you can be punished for the conduct most crimes require that you complete an affirmative act. Relationship between crime and law is without the strict enforcement of the law crime cannot be prevented. The two most common models on how society determines what acts are criminal are Due Process Model and Crime Control Model. Due Process highlights rights of a group of people and an individual’s right. Courts, quality, formality and individualization are the important issues that ensure the respect of due process. Crime Control is the efficient maintenance for safety of a community. Police, quantity, informality, and standardization are considered important...
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...Once a person has either pleaded guilty or has been found guilty of a crime a judge must determine a sentence that they must receive. Sentencing is imposing a criminal sanction by a judicial authority. Each year there are thousands of criminals that appear before a judge or judges to be sentenced for their crimes committed. Sentencing descriptions are primarily for felony offenses, or those that are punishable by less than one year of incarceration. Mandatory minimum sentences, three strikes laws and sentencing guidelines frequently require specific sentences, with little consideration of personal factors regarding offenders, their crimes, and victims. The state and federal court system have similar and different objectives of punishment. The state and federal corrections system are affected as a system overall. There is a correlation between determinate and indeterminate sentencing when sentencing a criminal offender in the judicial process. Indeterminate and determinate sentences are the two primary models used throughout the united states. Indeterminate sentences blend the decision by the sentencing judge and a later decision by a relesase authority to determine the actual time served. During the time of sentencing the judge sentences offenders to indeterminate sentences , with a minimum and maximum amount of time to be served. After the offender serves the minimum amount of time he or she is eligible for release by the parole board. The offender may serve the maximum sentence...
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...PRINCIPLES OF SENTENCING: TOWARDS A EUROPEAN CONVERSATION Paper delivered at Conference on “The Limits of the Criminal Law” at Leiden University, January 23, 2008 and subsequently published in Cupido (ed), Limits of Criminal Law (Nijmegen, 2008).[1] Tom O’Malley Senior Lecturer in Law National University of Ireland Galway First, I would like to extend my warmest congratulations to the students of Leiden Law School for having organised this conference. Thanks to their vision and energy, representatives from several European countries have gathered in this historic venue to discuss some key aspects of criminal law and criminal procedure. More often than not, we think of European law solely in terms of European Union law, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights or both. Needless to say, the study of European law even in this limited sense is of the highest importance given its impact on our national legal systems and our daily lives. However, growing levels of legal and political integration now demand that we broaden our vision of European law to encompass the domestic legal systems of individual European states. Some work has already begun in this regard,[2] but it is only on rare occasions such as this that we can engage in a meaningful exchange of ideas and information on areas of common concern. Criminal justice is a most appropriate and worthy topic with which to begin. In times past, sentencing would not have featured very prominently...
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...Future of the Juvenile Justice System Courts: Many changes need to happen to allow a better future of the juvenile justice system. “The elimination of some of the court’s delinquency function as more and more jurisdiction over youth criminality is transferred to the adult criminal system. Another possibility is the removal or reduction from juvenile court jurisdiction of status offenses, including truancy, beyond control of parents, running away from home, and other noncriminal conduct. Instead of utilizing the juvenile court, this type of behavior would beaddressed increasingly by community-based services. A third possibility is the juvenile court’s expanding jurisdiction over abuse and neglect cases.Oversight of abuse and neglect cases and of the social service agencies whichdeliver services to families has become a major portion of the work of the juvenile court” (Hanson, 1996) . “The juvenile court of the future should be able to take advantage of community resources more effectively by turning to volunteers and public-private partnerships for support. Communities seem ready to give their time and resources to children and families. The challenge for each court will be to identify the most effective ways by which communities can be organized to work with the court on behalf of children” (Hanson, 1996). Corrections: There are a few sections that need to be addressed in order to make a better future for juvenile justice system. The points are as follows: I. Create...
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