...Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on China’s Migrant Workers: A Survey of 2,700 in 2009 Mark Wang1 Abstract: An Australian geographer examines the effects of the global financial crisis on China’s migrant workers, based on a recent survey of over 2,700 such workers conducted during January–February 2009. The author focuses on the number of migrant workers returning to their home villages for the annual New Year holiday period, the types of workers that were laid off, options available to such workers upon losing employment, and the reasons underlying their subsequent moves. Implications of the findings for labor policy in China are briefly outlined and several directions for future research identified. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E240, G010, J610, J690. 7 tables, 68 references. Key words: China, global financial crisis, migrant workers, unemployment, globalization, rural development, push factors, manufacturing exports, hukou, migration networks, remittances, Chinese New Year, return migration. INTRODUCTION M igration is closely tied with processes of globalization and the global economy, and China’s rural-to-urban migrant workers have contributed substantially to the country’s economic growth and success. This group of hard-working laborers has made inexpensive “made-in-China” products available in almost every corner of the world. Varying sources estimate that migrant workers2 have contributed 16–24 percent of China’s GDP growth and...
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...Introduction: Causes of Aila: Aila of May, 2009: Consequences of Aila: Present situation of Ailapur Village Women: Housing and habitation: Loss of Livelihoods: Change in Livelihoods: Food Crisis: Drinking Water Crisis: Warm cloths crisis: Cold wave and diseases: Sanitation problem: Water borne Diseases: Women specific health problem: Hypertension. Reproductive Health. Gender Violence: Conclusion: Introduction: The Bay of Bengal, a northern and extended arm of the Indian Ocean and covering about 510,000 square km, is probably the "rebellious daughter" of the ocean who often turns too angry and smashes the lives of thousands along its huge coastlines particularly in the months of May and October each year. Actually, the coast of Bangladesh is known as a zone of multiple vulnerabilities. It is prone to severe natural disasters, such as cyclones, storm surges, and floods(The daily star, June 1, 2009). Aila of May 2009 is one of the most vulnerable disasters that causes hundreds of people’s death, massive damage of crops, domestic animals etc. Evan after two years of Aila, Aila affected people particularly women are in vulnerable situation. Their vulnerability are discussed in the below. Sources of data and methodology: The data for this study have been collected from the field Using qualitative research methods. On the basis of several criteria on Aila affected village named Ailapur of Shutarkhali Union, Dakop upuzilla in Khulna district was selected. The data has...
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...Economics and Management in Developing Countries INSEAD P4 Assignment MICROFINANCE in INDONESIA By Dewi BRAMONO Ming CHUNG Yoonmi EOM Kevin LAM Yenn Khan Executive Summary • • Microfinance in Indonesia can be traced back to more than a century ago, where village credit organizations (BKDs) offered small loans to villagers. Today, BRI unit desa of Indonesia is one of the most successful and profitable microfinance institutions in the world with more than 3.1 million borrowers with a gross loan portfolio of more than USD 1.7b as of Dec 2003. Indonesia’s successful experience in microfinance is further shown during the hard-hitting Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 to 1998. At a time when commercial banks were collapsing, savings in microfinance institutions rose from IDR 8 trillion in 1997 to about IDR16 trillion in 1998, as depositors sought the stability of these institutions. There are however some outstanding issues: o Inadequate outreach to the rural community o Politics impact the microfinance efforts negatively o Lack of awareness of microfinance among stakeholders o Microfinance may not be the answer for the poorest of the poor. Recommendations include: o Greater co-ordination required with the NGOs to target the poorest of poor, especially in the rural areas(through aid, training and provision of the infrastructure) o Increase the awareness of the benefits of microfinance, and to educate stakeholders accordingly. • • • Page 1 of 12 Economics and Management...
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...Drama is created by placing ordinary people in situations of crisis or conflict Explore some dramatic techniques used to create drama in the crucible In his play, The Crucible, Arthur miller presents an allegory for McCarthyism through the use of the Salem With trials of 1692. In the crucible, miller uses many techniques to create drama to influence the decisions of the ordinary townsfolk. Drama is created by placing key protagonists in situations of conflict. The intolerance of puritan society towards new or different practices is one of the ways that miller creates drama. Another factor is the maintenance of personal reputation and the consequences of conflict upon this status. By manipulating ordinary people, hysteria also creates a large sum of drama. Through an analysis of Intolerance, reputation and hysteria, this essay will explore how conflict creates drama. In a puritan society, not meeting the social norms was seen as treason and heavily persecuted. This lead to an intolerance of anyone who did not worship god, and dissent lead to beliefs of Satanic activity. Judge Danforth quotes in act three page 85 "You are either with the court or against it". Miller uses tone to foreshadow what is yet to come in the the text. The tone of this sentence shows that the witch trials are the ultimate form of intolerance and hanging...
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...about wolves, it is said that the villagers of Ilde created a folktale to justify the reason for why wolves only attack the people and horses of their specific village. While it may seem unnecessary to construct a story for the behaviour of wild animals, these folktales of the villages in Tono play a role in the cultivation of the identities of those specific areas. In relation to local activities, the story of “Dan-no-hana” is used to explain why the people in the area of Yamaguchi in Tsuchibuchi say “sai haka-dachi” (leaving the grave) when going to work in the fields, and “haka-agari” (going to the grave) when returning home. Many believe that it is due to the...
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...How is the country dealing with water shortage? Are there any alternative solutions? The Catch correspondent Atul Chaurasia discussed these questions with Magsaysay award winner water conservationist Rajendra Singh, famously known as the Waterman of India. Here are the excerpts of the conversation: Q: We have seen how water crisis led to tensions in Latur and Osmanabad districts of Maharashtra. Are we heading towards the era of water wars? A: The ground circumstances in these districts is much worse than reported by the media. I have visited Latur thrice in recent times. I was there when riots broke out. It was indeed a war-like situation. The fault lies with the short-sighted approach of our leadership. We have the army and para-military forces to deal with violence. However, the real causes of the unrest remain unaddressed. We have no vision to solve the real problem. There is an urgent need to formulate long-term policies for the conservation of ground water as well as the surface water. Our existence depends on these two kinds of water resources but...
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...caribou * More food sources led to population growth Diverse Culture Emerge * Indians became culturally diverse as they adapted to their varying local climates and environments * Over time, languages, rituals, mythic stories, and kinship systems became more complex and varied * By 1492, American Indians spoke at least 375 distinct languages (Athapaskan, Alogonquian, Caddoan, Siouan, Shoshonean, and Iroquoian) * Each language group divided into many ethnic groups called tribes or nations (subdivided into many smaller groups that identified with a particular village or hunting territory) * Each group was headed by a chief, who was usually advised by a council of elders The Beginnings of Agriculture * American Indians developed three important crops: maize (corn), squashes, and beans * Expanded food supply promoted population growth which led to larger, permanent villages * By studying the sun, moon, and stars, the Mexican people...
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...Korea($.1%). However, South Korea(9.4%), Japan(8.3%), Taiwan(8.0%), United States (7.85), Australia (5.0%) and Germany (4.8%) are China main import partners in 2013. For the first time in over a century, following the international financial crisis, the U.S. has been displaced as the world's largest industrial producer - this position now being taken by China. This period also witnessed the greatest shift in the balance of global industrial production in such a short period in world economic history. China's industrial output, which includes 220 of world major products such as steel, coal, cotton and cement, continues to accelerate. It is the world's fastest growing major economy with growth rates averaging 10% over the past 30 years. China encounter both recession and expansion period within 2004-2013. |China GDP in current prices | China's industrial output,which includes 220 of world major products such as steel, coal, cotton and cement, continues to accelerate. Statistics show that China's GDP rose from 15987.83 billions ( RMB) in 2004 to 53070.3 billions (RMB) in 2013. Even in the shadow of the global financial crisis in year end of year 2008 to 2009, China's GDP maintained steady growth. China's low labor cost have enabled Chinese products to enter the world market and make the country the world's foremost manufacturer. Despite a surge in wages in recent...
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...For my part of the report on the crisis in Darfur I will be explaining what exactly the crisis is going on in that part of the world. I will be looking at both sides of the conflict to give the rest of the class the opportunity to form their own opinion on the crisis. The conflict started when a group of angry rebels began to bomb certain government targets, claiming that the Darfur region was being neglected by the government because of the regions ethnicity. The rebels claim is that the government is oppressing the black Africans in favor of the Arabs in the region. Also the Janjaweed have been going through that part of Sudan performing the ethnic cleansing of black Africans. Refugees from Darfur say that after air raids by the Sudan government the Janjaweed would ride into the villages on horsebacks and camels. And would proceed to slaughter the men, rape the women and steal whatever they could find. Many women have complained about being kidnapped and held as sex slaves for more than a week and then were released. In light of this; millions of citizens have fled their destroyed villages to camps that are near Darfur’s main towns. But still the Janjaweed still patrol outside the town waiting for any man or woman to wander to far and then will kill the man and rape the woman. Also some of the citizens have fled to the neighboring country of Chad. In total researchers believe that nearly 200,000 people have been killed, but UN officials believe that the number is about 300...
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...March 19, 2024 Mrs. Evans What were some of the possible causes of the witch trials? Le Beau, Bryan F. “Factional Politics Provoked the Crisis in Salem Village.” The Salem Witch Trials. Edited by Laura Marvel. Greenhaven Press, 2003. pp. 113-117. 30 - 36. LeBeau examines the role of internal conflicts within Salem leading up to the trials. He argues that economic tensions and land disputes charged the Salem witch with hysteria. The article takes a further look at power struggles between Salem Town and Village and how they only deepened social tensions, contributing to the occurrence of the trials. The political state of Salem is in crisis. Many were in disagreement, causing high tensions. Salem is divided into...
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...The villagers who live in these areas if they are lucky enough to survive the initial attack from the terrorist group, which is often very few, have to face challenges such as starvation dehydration on there way to the faraway city, once they reach these cities they are treated with mistrust for fear that they have been turned by Boko Haram. Patrick Kingsley interviewed two survivors of a Boko Haram attack who said that “On arrival, they were initially ostracized. People feared the women had become indoctrinated during their time with the extremists and were wary of talking to or even sitting with the returnees.” Most major countries around the world, like these villages, are weary of accepting refugees and it is often a long and lengthy process to gain citizenship where once they do accomplish achieving citizenship they run into different problems such as one reported on by Aryan ASDASD of a family who was granted asylum in Greece where the father of the family will “Have to find a job in a nation with a 21% unemployment rate.” the father states that they will have no choice other than to leave the safety and citizenship of Greece in order to find a country that does have employment...
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...Graduate School of Development Studies A Research Paper presented by: Fariba Alamgir (Bangladesh) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTERS OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Specialization: [Environment And Sustainable Development] (ESD) Members of the examining committee: Prof. Dr Max Spoor [Supervisor] Dr Bram Buscher [Reader] The Hague, The Netherlands November, 2010 Disclaimer: This document represents part of the author’s study programme while at the Institute of Social Studies. The views stated therein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Institute. Inquiries: Postal address: Institute of Social Studies P.O. Box 29776 2502 LT The Hague The Netherlands Location: Kortenaerkade 12 2518 AX The Hague The Netherlands Telephone: +31 70 426 0460 Fax: +31 70 426 0799 Contents List of Maps v List of Acronyms vi Abstract vii Chapter 1: Research Context and Setting 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Theoretical Framework 6 1.2.1 Understanding Water Scarcity 6 1.2.2 The Political Ecology Approach 7 1.3 Research Methodology: Data Collection, Analysis and Fieldwork 10 Chapter 2: Changing water regimes and livelihoods in South-Western Bangladesh 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Changing Water System in Coastal Region in Bangladesh 14 2.2.1 Impact of Poldering and Water Control 14 2.2.2 Reduced Flow of Water and Shrimp...
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...The Economy of India , ninth largest in the world by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity (PPP), is going to touch new heights in coming years. The history of Indian economy can be broadly divided into three phases: Pre- Colonial, Colonial and Post Colonial. Pre Colonial: The economic history of India since Indus Valley Civilization to 1700 AD can be categorized under this phase. During Indus Valley Civilization Indian economy was very well developed. It had very good trade relations with other parts of world, which is evident from the coins of various civilizations found at the site of Indus valley. Before the advent of East India Company, each village in India was a self sufficient entity. Each village was economically independent as all the economic needs were fulfilled with in the village. Colonial: The arrival of East India Company in India ruined the Indian economy. There was a two-way depletion of resources. British used to buy raw materials from India at cheaper rates and finished goods were sold at higher than normal price in Indian markets. During this phase India's share of world income declined from 22.3% in 1700 AD to 3.8% in 1952. Post Colonial: After India got independence from this colonial rule in 1947, the process of rebuilding the economy started. For this various policies and schemes were formulated. First five year plan for the development of Indian economy came into implementation in 1952. These Five Year Plans, started by Indian...
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...SOCIAL CHANGE Neoliberalism specifically refers to economic changes that also bring about changes in public policy, economic policy, the distribution of income and wealth, the weakening or elimination of labor, increased impoverishment, increased mass powerlessness, and even sometimes war and torture (class notes). For Klein neoliberalism is the rule of the market and corporations over the state therefore, meaning over the people. In her novel, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism she gathers together decades of economic catastrophes made by the United States, the IMF and the World bank. In this novel Klein is pushing to expose capitalism’s true nature,“ a policy the breeds poverty and crime” (Georgi Arbatov). Klein’s basic thesis and main point is that neoliberalism is dominating the world by using public disorientation such as wars, terrorist attacks and natural disasters to push through reforms that are not accepted. The introduction of the book Klein talks about the disaster in New Orleans, Hurricane Katrina, one of the many examples she uses to support her thesis, and how the Louisiana State Legislature in Baton Rouge were using this tragedy as an opportunity to change New Orleans. They spoke about building condos now that public housing was finally gone. One congressman said, “ We finally cleaned up public housing in New Orleans. We couldn’t do it, but God did”(page 4). Klein recalls what some of the victims commented on when they...
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...In Colombia's war-torn indigenous villages, three brave women from distinct tribes use nonviolent resistance to defend their peoples' survival. Warfare between the guerrillas, paramilitary groups, and armed forces endangers Colombia's 102 aboriginal groups, dozens of which face extinction because of the conflict. Despite being trapped in a prolonged conflict financed by the drug trade, indigenous women are resourcefully leading and creating transformation imbued with hope. Doris is a young Awá tribal leader who takes charge to protect a group of internal refugees fleeing combat between the army and the guerrillas. While speaking at a U.N. press conference in Colombia’s capital, she learns that five people from her village were slain by masked men. Despite the risks, Doris returns to her village. She continues leading the vulnerable Awá people whose living, growing coca leaves, which are the base for cocaine, makes them targets for the U.S. funded fumigations. Doris is determined to defend her people and end the violence by speaking out. Ludis is a Kankuamo widow, and mother of three, who is framed and imprisoned on false charges of rebellion. After a year, Ludis is released from prison. She returns to her village and forms a weaving collective with other female victims of the systematic murders perpetrated by paramilitary bands. Later, Ludis confronts her husbands’ killer and spares her sons from perpetuating this cycle of violence. Flor Ilva is the first woman entrusted to...
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