...Chapter 2 Worldwide accounting diversity Chapter Outline I. Considerable differences exist across countries in the accounting treatment of many items. These differences can result in significantly different amounts being reported in the financial statements prepared by companies using different GAAP. II. A variety of factors influence a country’s accounting system. A. Legal system – in code law countries, accounting rules tend to be legislated; common law countries tend to have a non-legislative organization that develops accounting standards. B. Taxation – financial statements serve as the basis for taxation in many countries. In those countries with a close linkage between accounting and taxation, accounting practice tends to be more conservative so as to reduce the amount of income subject to taxation. C. Providers of financing – in those countries in which family members, banks, and the government are the major providers of business finance, there tends to be less demand for public accountability and information disclosure. In countries where shareholders are a major provider of financing, the demand for information made available outside the company becomes greater. D. Inflation – countries with chronic high inflation adopt accounting principles in which traditional historical cost accounting is abandoned in favor of inflation adjusted figures. E. Political and economic ties – through previous colonization, a British style of accounting...
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...Write a REPORT based on * Key changes back to late 19 century i.e post Industrial Revolution, and also post 1st and 2nd world wars.( Many authors consider most changes occurred after the 1950’s) * Map the key most impacting changes which have affected the Seller/Buyer relationship& conduct research regarding the evolution of selling over these years. * Study historic and contemporary attitudes to sales and selling; current and past techniques, methods and attitudes towards selling. * Discuss your findings and embellish your work with plenty of examples * Look at the CRITERIA SHEET on the next page to explore the criteria against which you will be marked to help you with your tasks and allocate time and effort accordingly! * Fill in and download a criteria sheet which you will find on Bb under ‘Assignments’ and attach to your essay FOR YOUR REFERENCE….. A REPORT is.. ‘A document, which conveys information and (sometimes) recommendations from a researcher who has investigated a topic in detail.’ People who need the information for a specific purpose will usually request a report like this ’ Headings, diagrams, tables, etc may be used ensuring you SOURCE them. Title page This should for this assignment include a title which indicates the central theme of the report, tutor, module, author’s name and P number, word count Executive summary The purpose of an executive summary is to provide the briefest possible statement of the subject...
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...ARE YOU HUMAN? 0:11 (Music) This is the human test, a test to see if you are a human. Please raise your hand if something applies to you. Are we agreed? Yes? Then let's begin. 0:28 Have you ever eaten a booger long past your childhood? (Laughter) It's okay, it's safe here. 0:39 Have you ever made a small, weird sound when you remembered something embarrassing? 0:48 Have you ever purposely lowercased the first letter of a text in order to come across as sad or disappointed? (Laughter) Okay. 1:01 Have you ever ended a text with a period as a sign of aggression? Okay. Period. 1:10 Have you ever laughed or smiled when someone said something shitty to you and then spent the rest of the day wondering why you reacted that way? Yes. 1:23 Have you ever seemed to lose your airplane ticket a thousand times as you walked from the check-in to the gate? Yes. 1:33 Have you ever put on a pair of pants and then much later realized that there was a loose sock smushed up against your thigh? (Laughter) Good. 1:44 Have you ever tried to guess someone else's password so many times that it locked their account? Mmm. 1:53 Have you ever had a nagging feeling that one day you will be discovered as a fraud? Yes, it's safe here. 2:04 Have you ever hoped that there was some ability you hadn't discovered yet that you were just naturally great at? Mmm. 2:14 Have you ever broken something in real life, and then found yourself looking for an "undo" button in real life? 2:24 Have you...
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...Given better access control policy models, formal proofs of cryptographic protocols, approved firewalls, better ways of detecting intrusions and malicious code, and better tools for system evaluation and assurance, the problems can be solved. In this note, I put forward a contrary view: information insecurity is at least as much due to perverse incentives. Many of the problems can be explained more clearly and convincingly using the language of microeconomics: network externalities, asymmetric information, moral hazard, adverse selection, liability dumping and the tragedy of the commons. risk of forged signatures from the bank that relies on the signature (and that built the system) to the person alleged to have made the signature. Common Criteria evaluations are not made by the relying party, as Orange Book evaluations were, but by a commercial facility paid by the vendor. In general, where the party who is in a position to protect a system is not the party who would suffer the results of security failure, then problems may be expected. A different kind of incentive failure surfaced in early 2000, with distributed denial of service attacks against a number of high-profile web sites. These exploit a number of subverted machines to launch a large coordinated packet flood at a target. Since many of them flood the victim at the same time, the traffic is more than the target can cope with, and because it comes from many different sources, it can be very difficult to stop [7]. Varian pointed out...
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...for any other purpose without the written permission of the submitting parties. Also, be aware that no contact can be made with the offerors under any circumstances to discuss this solicitation. The technical evaluations must assess the qualities of responses based solely on the factors and sub factors as specified in the solicitation, reproduced in Attachment (1) for your convenience, and the TEP report must discuss and substantiate in detail the TEP’s findings regarding each evaluation criteria. All TEP members’ evaluations must adhere strictly to the subject RFP’s evaluation criteria. There must be no comparison of offerors’ responses in the initial review. The following individuals have been designated as members of the Technical Evaluation Panel (TEP) for No changes to the TEP membership are permitted unless requested and approved, in writing, by the Source Selection Authority (SSA). Attachments: (1) Technical Evaluation Criteria (2) Guidelines for Interrogatories (3) Do’s and Don’ts during the evaluation process (4) Certification on Use and Disclosure of Responses (5) Past Performance Questionnaire (6) Scoring Plan (7) Sample Evaluation Memo cc: Solicitation File: I. GENERAL INFORMATION The purpose of the...
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...Trusted computing base: hardware, software, amd firmware. 1 or more coponents enforce a unified security policy. uses a concept called reference monitor mediates any access by a user to any object such as data and resources, can never be bypassed, cannot by corrupted the best design isolates the reference monitor so it can't be altered by other objects or processes. You monitor it to see that it is working and that it is doing only what it is supposed to do. If you couldnt verify this the monitor wouldn't be very useful because you wouldn't know if malware had gotten around it. A trusted system can be expected to uphold any requirements that the data owners would have for reliability, security, and effectiveness. Otherwise you couldn't trust it. Who owns the data in this system? A user might own a data object but the reference monitor decides which subjects have access to any objects based on security clearance. Subject: A subject is a person or a process that is trying to gain access to the object. Object: An object is that specific thing in a trusted system that some person or process is trying to access. Ring of Trust: The center ring is also called the center host can access anything in any of the outer rings and is the most trusted. A host on the outermost ring is the least trusted and it can't do much. A host in one of the middle rings can access anything in a more outer ring, but nothing in a more inner ring than itself. Rule 1) Each host always trusts any host...
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...Rouge Investments is looking to invest in smaller companies, hoping to make them more profitable. However, there are certain criteria that Rouge Investments is looking at in order to make these investments. The business criteria that we look at include: Management team, Market opportunities, Growth potential, Competitive advantage, Technology and Exit strategy. When looking at the management team of your company we look for teams of quality entrepreneurs that have a record of strong leadership and performance. This track record is either in the company’s specific industry or in prior entrepreneurial ventures. We look at the teams commitment to their business venture and your ability to instill confidence in future investors, employees, and potential customers. Also, the credibility of your team is essential since we will be working together as a team. Rouge Investments looks for solutions that address major problems for relatively large target markets. Your company must have a significant claim share of this market. Rouge Investments realizes that there are plenty of ideas for businesses out there, but not all will fit the criteria that Rouge has set out. Therefore, providing a solution to a problem with a large potential market is essential. Rouge Investments is looking for companies that have the ability to grow quickly and manage the quick growth successfuly. Your company must show how it plans to generate profits beyond the initial product idea. Do you have plans...
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...companies that represent technologies of tomorrow”. Johnson’s Angel Investments performs a thorough and extensive analysis on every perspective company and is focus on technology investment opportunities that fit the following criteria: Viable Product or Service It is important that any product or service be feasible and proven before we invest. A good idea and minimal risk and great upside with the capital requirements very high, Johnsons Angel Investors will be happy to invest with other investors. Sustainable Competitive Advantage The focus is on companies who are developing innovative products and services with demonstrable competitive advantages that are not easily duplicated by competitors and that provide an immediate tangible value to customers. Technology Focus Our focus is to invest in a new age technology of tomorrow with one of a kind idea. We are willing to invest in a wide variety of businesses, biomedical, high technology, internet ventures to scientific research however, the research must be proven. Management Team Companies should have experienced management team with their concept proven. We believe that a company with a great management team is very important to our success and so this criteria is one that is at the top of our criteria assessments. Market and Growth Prospects We are selective about the enterprises we choose to fund, and we partner with companies who want to work with a long-term investor. We are focus on growth...
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...ZESPRI CRITERIA AND OPTIONS + RECOMMENDATIONS DECISION CRITERIA The decision criterion for Zespri is how it can expand its presence on a global scale, and what other applications for the Kiwifruit there can be. With Zespri’s presence as marketing firm that markets premium kiwifruits that have been subject to several quality standards to ensure consumer’s satisfaction; its product line is limited to only four products. Its expansion can be derived by targeting and engaging in emerging markets like Iran, building its presence through was such as engaging in community outreach, as well as strategic partnerships in different markets in different countries. The decision is based on the fact that there are many uses and benefits of the kiwifruit, and it has the potential and rewards that appeal to certain markets that it does not have a presence in. One potential for expansion in Canada and the United States and markets that have not yet been touched in Europe, and in emerging markets like India and Indonesia is through their juice and smoothie markets, and enhanced flavor water with Kiwifruit flavor. The juice and Smoothie Bars industry has been steadily growing as a relatively new niche industry yielding revenues of $2.4 billion in the American market(http://planetsmoothiefranchise.com/learn-planet-smoothie/big-smoothie-industry/); it still shows capacity to grow. A way to enter that industry is to use smoothie bars, or incline themselves with established organizations like...
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...Criteria for Happiness This article entitled “Criteria for Happiness in Nicomachean Ethics and X 6-8 “ , it foundation is based on Aristotle’s’ criteria for what is to count as human happiness. According to Aristotle happiness for a man is self-sufficient, complete without qualification, peculiar to humans, excellent and best and most complete. The ethical issues that are present in this article is the comparison between the I 7 and the X 6-8 . I 7 criteria implies that there is only one activity which is happiness and one happy life whereas X 8-6 there are two happy lives and therefore two activities which meet the criteria of happiness. The ethical alternatives include where Aristotle retains the CA version of the peculiarity criterion while changing his view of human nature , which means that when a person is his or he nous then contemplation exercises the only human ability. Another alternative is that self sufficiency does mean ‘ that which is sufficient for a man by himself’ According to Aristotle he ignores the distinction between goods of lowest completeness and goods of intermediate completeness because this distinction is considered irrelevant to hispresent purpose. Under completeness moral action is also said to be a intermediate completeness. An alternative to contemplation is happiness and is an unwelcome conclusion for an inclusivist. Aristotle abandons the I 7 peculiarity and he denies that contemplation is peculiar to humans when he observes that God contemplates...
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...Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms Because bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder, it is important to first understand the true definition of an eating disorder: “a persistent disturbance of eating behavior and/or a behavior intended to control weight that impairs social function or physical health significantly, but is not caused by a medical or other psychiatric disorder” (Eckert, 2008). Specifically, according to the DSM-V, there are multiple diagnostic criteria that a patient affected with supposed bulimia nervosa needs to meet in order to ultimately be classified with this type of disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Bulimia nervosa is characterized through recurrent episodes of binge eating and carrying out inappropriate...
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...emner knyttet til eget utdanningsprogram 4. bruke mønstre for uttale, intonasjon, ordbøying og varierte setningstyper i kommunikasjon 5. drøfte ulike typer engelskspråklige litterære tekster fra ulike deler av verden Specified competence based on aims: 1. Ability to use a general and field specific vocabulary. 2. Ability to communicate precisely and with relevance 3. Ability to start, continue, and end a discussion; ask relevant questions; comment on what has been said. 4. Ability to communicate with errors of pronunciation, intonation and grammar. 5. Ability to use basic literary terms correctly to analyse literary texts; ability to see similarities and differences between examples from different texts Criteria of achievement based on level of competence: Low competence 2 | Average competence 3-4 | High competence 5-6 | You have a basic and repetitive vocabulary. | Your vocabulary allows for some variation.There is substantial precision in what you communicate. | Your vocabulary is wide and allows for great variation and solid precision of communication. | You can ask and answer simple questions. | You ask and answer questions with a clear purpose and some complexity. | You are a driving force in the discussion without hugging the floor – avoiding silent periods by bringing others in or starting new topics.You ask and answer questions with a clear purpose and great complexity. | The pronunciation, intonation and grammar sometimes get in...
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...2005 Baldrige National Quality Program Criteria for Performance Excellence THE MALCOLM BALDRIGE NATIONAL QUALITY AWARD PROGRAM A Public-Private Partnership Building active partnerships in the private sector—and among the private sector and all levels of government—is fundamental to the success of the Baldrige National Quality Program in improving national competitiveness. Privatesector support for the Program in the form of funds, volunteer efforts, and participation in information transfer continues to grow. To ensure the continued growth and success of these partnerships, each of the following organizations plays an important role. Board of Overseers The Board of Overseers advises the Department of Commerce on the Baldrige National Quality Program. The board is appointed by the Secretary of Commerce and consists of distinguished leaders from all sectors of the U.S. economy. The Board of Overseers evaluates all aspects of the Program, including the adequacy of the Criteria and processes for determining Award recipients. An important part of the board’s responsibility is to assess how well the Program is serving the national interest. Accordingly, the board makes recommendations to the Secretary of Commerce and to the Director of NIST regarding changes and improvements in the Program. Foundation for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award The Foundation for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award was created to foster the success of the Program. The...
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...1. Good conceptual and analytical skills combined with the ability to achieve results in a high pressure environment. I have learnt how to set priorities, monitor workflows etc. It all comes down to when the deadline has been set, and how much work is involved in getting the job done. The last thing I would need to do is ask for an extension because I underestimated the task at hand. As an example, at work, I need to prepare an FTE report fortnightly. I also prepare other ad hoc reports as required, plus investigate any asset related transactions. If there will ever be a delay in getting something done, while the reason for the delay will usually be outside my control, I will endeavour to inform the related parties that the work cannot be done in time and consult with them about an amended deadline. In my last two years at DSTO Fishermans Bend, I can confidently say that I can work with minimal supervision. This is because my supervisor and all my other colleagues are at DSTO Edinburgh, I am considered the 1st level support officer for all enquiries in regards to asset accounting enquiries. If there is a question, all the finance staff comes to me for advice, which I would provide to them there and then, or a little while after some investigation. If required, I will contact my supervisor and/or colleagues for advice. Even though my supervisor is in another state, I do communicate with her on average, at least once a day. Based on the feedback...
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...Ranking Criteria Ranking Criteria Based on the scenario and approximate amount of this project of $100,000 (which is within the simplified acquisition threshold), my selection team will only consist of myself, the technical representative (from the program office), and the contracting officer. The evaluation factors that we have decided to employ are: Technical capability Past Performance Price The method that we will use in evaluating the proposals is the trade-off process or better known as best value. Trade-off process puts more emphasis on non-price factors and awards the contract to the vendor that offers the best value rather than the one whose proposal has the lowest price. Using the trade-off process gives the government the flexibility to trade off among cost or price and non-cost evaluation factors such as the contractor’s technical capabilities, management capabilities, qualifications, and experience. It will be clearly indicated in the solicitation package on the relative order of importance of the evaluation factor which will state as follows: The following five criteria will be evaluated in order of importance. All non-price factors are listed in descending order of importance, with the most important criterion listed first. Criteria 1-5 combined are significantly more important than price. Price will not be scored, but its reasonableness and fairness will be evaluated. 1. Technical capability 2. Past performance 3. Corporate experience...
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