...Racism is an issue that it is evident in our modern society, and its impact has influenced the way people cohabit in it. Racism has been destroyed the relationship that people should have as human being independent of their races, background, religious and social status. Some people have been victims of racism and discrimination, and other people have witnessed it in everyday lives’ situations such as at school, job, television, sport, etc. Moreover, places that agglomerate people with difference races and background are more likely to find higher degree of racism and discrimination, and the example examined here is sport. Racism in sport may be defined as a situation in which elements involved in a game such as players, coaches, referrers...
Words: 1660 - Pages: 7
...Racism in Childhood Upbringing Racism is an issue that has existed throughout human history. Caused by people who believe that a person has predisposed stereotypes based solely on the color of their skin, it is an issue that is difficult to eradicate. Although there are many people who are racist, I was having a difficult time figuring out why this was. There are many different factors as to why a person could become intolerant of people with different skin colors, but the one that I felt was the most prominent factor contributing to this social disorder had to do with interference from a young age. I believe that childhood upbringing is a major contributing factor in the roots of racism. When children are young, they are extremely moldable. While some parents choose to allow their children the freedom of learning and exploring to create their own opinions, others do not. They take advantage of the naivety of young kids and shape their minds into what they believe is right, which includes racist thoughts. By forcing their opinions onto a child, it leaves no room for personal interpretation, thus continuing the never-ending cycle of intolerance. There are several reasons why I believe this happens. First, familial beliefs have a lot to do with the promotion of racism, because if a parent is very opinionated they are less likely to allow their children to make their own judgments. I also believe this occurs because some adults cannot get their own points across to others...
Words: 1487 - Pages: 6
...UNDERSTANDING LEARNING – STUDY NOTES WHAT IS LEARNING? * Reflective teaching * Classroom experience * Technical teaching * Knowledge about learning * Reflective teaching * Classroom experience and knowledge about learning provide students with a constructive learning environment * Understanding learning * Individual differences, Learning theories, Managing learning in classrooms, Teachers * Constructivist – refers to the idea that learners construct knowledge for themselves; each learner individually (and socially) constructs meaning as he or she learns. * Humanist – a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism). * Cognitivist – believe that learning is a change in individuals' mental structures enabling them to show changes in behaviour. It is based on the thought process behind the behaviour. * Behaviourist – believe that learning takes place when knowledge is separated into smaller bits. Students are rewarded for successful answers. Instruction focuses on conditioning the learner's behaviour. Learning involves repetition and association and is highly mechanical. Behaviourist leaning teachers focus on a new behavioural pattern being repeated until it becomes automatic. *...
Words: 4287 - Pages: 18
...background i) Prejudice Prejudice is a pre-held negative opinion, perception, or judgment a person holds or expresses against something or someone, without justification or analyzing facts. For example, when one meets a Muslim person, or sees someone dressed as a Muslim on a flight, one automatically perceives him/her to be a terrorist, and is suspicious or unreasonably “sure” that the Muslim person intends blowing up the plane. The negative perception was based purely on perception of the Muslim person‟s religious belief, and not by knowing the person personally etc., thus stereotyping deals with ill-informed description of people whilst prejudice is based on unjustifiable feelings towards someone. Social conflicts can be generated by racism, prejudice, and stereotyping; therefore efforts need to be made to reduce racist tendencies and prejudice in order to correct stereotyping. Ways of achieving this include more awareness education, and contact between the stereotyped and those who form stereotypes, as well as the accurate portrayal of individuals and groups in literature. ii) Stereotypes Stereotyping takes place when we conjure mental categories where one deposits people, items or events into conceptually specified groups. Stereotypes are formed as a result of the overload of experiences we have, and the continuous deluge of information preset in implication that we are subjected to e.g. media. In order to keep us from being cognitively overwhelmed, our brain has developed...
Words: 3651 - Pages: 15
...explore the complicated link between healthcare disparities and how factors such as socioeconomic status, race, location, and differences in cultures affect health outcomes and unequal access to medical treatment. This essay does this by drawing on the information offered by numerous studies. It will address the root causes of healthcare inequality...
Words: 2243 - Pages: 9
...people’s choices or policies that cause embedded unquestioned norms, habits, and symbols These societal rules can become a “restrictive structure of forces and barriers that immobilize and reduce a group or category of people” (Heldke & O’Connor 2004:530). “Class refers to endure and systematic differences in access to and control over production of goods and services, as well as the resources for provisioning and survival” (Acker 2006: 442). “Gender, refers to the socially constructed differences between male and female and the beliefs and identities that support difference and inequality, is also present in all organizations” (Acker 2006:444). “Race, refers to socially defined differences based on physical characteristics, culture, and historical domination and oppression, justified by entrenched beliefs” (Weber 2001 :10).This paper will analyze and discuss the issue of oppressions in relation to class, gender, and race using W.E.B. Du Bois’ thoughts on race, gender, and class. Also, the intersectional theory according to Patricia Hill Collins will be used for analyzing and discussion in regards race, gender and class. The work of W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963) has recently become recognized for its significant contributions to sociological theory (Zuckerman 2004:3). Although Du Bois himself was overwhelmingly concerned with the scientific perspective of "value free" sociological research, later social theorists have found his views on race to offer one of...
Words: 2635 - Pages: 11
...Cultural Tourism Race, Identity, and Public Culture Popular cultural representations, in particular those in the fashion industry, have recently reinvented a historically loaded image in their performances: blackface.1 In the past several years, blackface and other images of physical transformations of race have appeared in a number of high and popular fashion contexts including a “yellowface” fashion show in Shanghai sponsored by Karl Lagerfeld, supermodel Heidi Klum photographed wearing only chocolate syrup, an issue of French Vogue featuring a white model in black body paint and elaborate “African-inspired” costuming, a photograph in V Magazine of two models, one in blackface and one white, wrestling, two episodes of America’s Next Top Model involving racial and biracial transformation, and an editorial naming American Apparel and showing a woman in blackface. Blackface, though in a contemporary form more accurately described by the term “racechange,” or the performance of one race by another (Gubar 2000), far from being taboo have become an aesthetic in the fashion industry. Though popular magazines and newspapers such as Essence and a number of fashion blogs have responded to particular instances of racial transformation, there is relatively little scholarly work on the rise of racechange in contemporary fashion. This essay attempts to fill that gap in scholarship by examining racial transformation through the lens of cultural and critical studies as well...
Words: 4793 - Pages: 20
...What is diaspora? - To scatter - Bringing together old ideas – about diaspora - with new notions of ‘transnationalism’, ‘hybridity’ and ‘integration’ - And language. - What are the ‘traditional types’ of diaspora – victim, labour and imperial, trade and business, deterritorialised diasporas - what other (newer) forms are there? Economic, political (EU border issues). More modern notions that might not ‘fit’ traditional ideas of ‘diaspora’. Even the word seems rather outdated now? - Diaspora/transnational communities – relationships in the ‘hostland’, relationships with the ‘homeland’ – transnationalism and integration in the homeland TYPES Victim Labour Imperial Trade Deterritorialised New ideas Characteristics of diaspora: key features they have in common - Dispersal: - Or – Expansion - Memory of homeland – idealisation of home. - Idealisation of the ancestral homeland – - Development of a return movement to the homeland – transnationalism. - A strong ethnic group consciousness – based on distinctiveness, common history, common cultural and religious heritage - ‘troubled’ relationship with host societies – integration – suggesting a lack of acceptance: Mazzucato research below. - empathy with co-ethnic members in other countries of settlement. Aided by electronic communication, Skype, email, facebook, cheap phone calls, cheap flights. - possibility of a distinctive...
Words: 3234 - Pages: 13
...Exploring the Roots of Islamophobia in Great Britain with a Special Regard to the Educational Sector Table of Content 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1 2. Islamophobia in the Multicultural State Great Britain …..………………………2 3. Islamophobia and the Education Sector….……………………………………...4 4. What to do against it .…..………………….………………..…………………….8 5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………....10 6. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………..11 Introduction I have been interested for many years in multiculturalism and have strengthened this interest and gained some useful insight by choosing the Seminar “Multicultural Britain”. This seminar shed a light on current British debates, concerning multiculturalism. In everyday’s life I can see in many different branches, like arts, education or business, just to mention a few, how people of different heritage facing each other often competitive and sometimes even negative or racist. This topic caught my interest because I simply do not want more war; and there is no doubt that there is a war against Islam and Muslims, however it may express its power. The special example of Islamophobia, which is a widespread and controversial topic, addresses or rather attacks Islam and Muslims. Not all racist movements manifest their values in political activism. It is rather a matter of educational, cultural, social and ethical norms and values. Therefore I find it necessary to introduce...
Words: 3809 - Pages: 16
...CONSORTIUM Understanding Poverty From Multiple Social Science Perspectives A Learning Resource for Staff Development In Social Service Agencies Michael J. Austin, PhD, Editor BASSC Staff Director Mack Professor of Nonprofit Management School of Social Welfare University of California, Berkeley 510-642-7066 mjaustin@berkeley.edu August 2006 1 Table of Contents Introduction – Michael J. Austin, Guest Editor Part I Multiple Social Science Perspectives of Poverty Theories of Poverty: Findings from Textbooks on Human Behavior and the Social Environment Amanda J. Lehning, Catherine M. Vu, & Indira Pintak Economic Theories of Poverty Sun Young Jung & Richard Smith Sociological Theories of Poverty in Urban America Jennifer Price Wolf Psychological Theories of Poverty Kelly Turner & Amanda Lehning An Anthropological View of Poverty Kristine Frerer & Catherine Vu Political Science Perspectives on Poverty Amanda Lehning Theories of Global Poverty in the Developed and Developing World Jennifer Morazes & Indira Pintak Part II Theory Integration and Practitioner Perspectives Social Capital and Neighborhood Poverty: Toward an Ecologically-Grounded Model of Neighborhood Effects Kathy Lemon Osterling Social Work Students’ Perceptions of Poverty Sherrill Clark The Explosive Nature of the Culture of Poverty: A Teaching Case Based on An Agency-based Training Program Catherine Vu & Michael J. Austin 2 Understanding Poverty From...
Words: 65096 - Pages: 261
...l Race and Juvenile Delinquency by Dubien Tshimanga SOCIOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY CAPSTONE PRINCIPIA COLLEGE APRIL 2015 ABSTRACT Throughout history, the struggle of minorities has been seen in many facets of life such as in history, literature, music and film: Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi fought for the right of unrepresented minorities. Books such as Too Kill a Mocking Bird spoke to the prejudices of a community. Movies such as Roots illustrated the hardship of the slaves. From the Roman’s persecution of Christians to today’s rap song lyrics about economic disparities the plight of the minority has been fought for millennium. This research examines the struggle of minorities within the juvenile justice system and the differential rates of adjudication and length of sentencing between the white majority and the black minority juvenile offenders. During the course of this research, additional insights were gained from an internship at a youth correctional center as well as drawing on my own personal experience as a refugee from Gabon. The findings of my research demonstrate that minority offenders do receive harsher sentences than the whites, and that there are several factors contributing to higher rates of juvenile delinquency among African Americans; primarily education and community. To consider the struggle of minorities is important because it creates awareness that the maltreatment of a minority group by the dominant majority often...
Words: 19434 - Pages: 78
...Foundation Course 1 Human Rights, Gender & Environment Understanding Patriarchy Suranjita Ray• Subordination of women to men is prevalent in large parts of the world. We come across experiences where women are not only treated as subordinate to men but are also subject to discriminations, humiliations, exploitations, oppressions, control and violence. Women experience discrimination and unequal treatment in terms of basic right to food, health care, education, employment, control over productive resources, decision-making and livelihood not because of their biological differences or sex, which is natural but because of their gender differences which is a social construct. “Sex is considered a fact - one is born with either male or female genitalia. Gender is considered a social construction - it grants meaning to the fact of sex. Conversely, it could be said that only after specific meanings came to be attached to the sexes, did sex differences become pertinent” (Geetha, 2002: 10). Gender based discriminations and exploitations are widespread and the socio-culturally defined characteristics, aptitudes, abilities, desires, personality traits, roles, responsibilities and behavioral patterns of men and women contribute to the inequalities and hierarchies in society. Gender differences are man made and they get legitimised in a patriarchal society. This paper attempts to link the theoretical dimensions of patriarchy with its empirical experiences to engage in the ongoing...
Words: 9801 - Pages: 40
...For longer quotations or for a greater number of total words, please write to South End Press for permission. INTRODUCTION Come Closer to Feminism 1. 2. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hooks, Bell. Feminism is for everybody: passionate politics / Bell Hooks. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-89608-629-1 - ISBN 0-89608-628-3 (pbk.) 1. Feminist theory. 2. Feminism - Philosophy. 3. Feminism Political aspects. 4. Sex discrimination against women. 1. Title. FEMINIST POLITICS Where We Stand 1 CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING A Constant Change of Heart 7 3. SISI:ERHOOD IS STILL POWERFUL 4. Vll 13 00-036589 South End Press, 7 Brookline Street, #1, Cambridge, MA 02139 06 05 04 7 8 9 Printed in Canada 19 OUR BODIES, OURSELVES Reproductive Rights 25 6. HQl190 .H67 2000 305.42'01 - dc21 FEMINIST EDUCATION FOR CRITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS BEAUTY WITHIN AND WITHOUT 31 7. FEMINIST CLASS STRUGGLE 37 8. GLOBAL FEMINISM 44 5. 9. WOMEN AT WORI( 48 10. RACE AND GENDER 55 11. ENDING VIOLENCE 61 12. FEMINIST MASCULINITY 67 13. FEMINIST PARENTING 72 14. LIBERATING MARRIAGE AND PARTNERSHIP 78 15. A FEMINIST SEXUAL POLITIC An Ethics of Mutual Freedom 85 16. TOTAL BLISS Lesbianism and Feminism 93 INTRODUCTION 17. TO LOVE AGAIN The Heart of Feminism 100 18. FEMINIST SPIRITUALITY 105 19. VISIONARY FEMINISM...
Words: 37459 - Pages: 150
...Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists American Psychological Association Approved as APA Policy by the APA Council of Representatives, August, 2002 Copyright, American Psychological Association, 2002 Author Note: This document was approved as policy of the American Psychological Association (APA) by the APA Council of Representatives in August, 2002. This document was drafted by a joint Task Force of APA Divisions 17 (Counseling Psychology) and 45 (The Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues). These guidelines have been in the process of development for 22 years, so many individuals and groups require acknowledgement. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for the present document included Nadya Fouad, PhD, Co-Chair, Patricia Arredondo, EdD, Co-Chair, Michael D’Andrea, EdD and Allen Ivey, EdD. These guidelines build on work related to multicultural counseling competencies by Division 17 (Sue et al., 1982) and the Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development (Arredondo et al., 1996; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). The Task Force acknowledges Allen Ivey, EdD, Thomas Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue, PhD for their leadership related to the work on competencies. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for these guidelines was assisted in reviewing the relevant literature by Rod Goodyear, PhD, Jeffrey S. Mio, PhD, Ruperto (Toti) Perez, PhD, William Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue...
Words: 24938 - Pages: 100
...The first time we saw each other after seeing Spike Lee's movie Do the Right Thing, my sister and I had a fight over lunch. It was one of those things you do with a lover, or sometimes with a close friend about politics, where the terms you disagree on are too buried to perceive or even to guess, at the time, that they're there. You can be agreeing about all the superficial details and about the largest of generalizations all along--my sister and I both found the film powerfully moving--and still wind up fighting about ... something--one of those disagreements that leave you dissatisfied and unexplainably angry. Her arguments weren't unfamiliar. I had run into very similar concerns, interpretations, and vocabulary in some of the mainstream criticism on the film. But it was only after stewing about our lunch for a couple of days that I began to figure out how completely at odds with the movie I saw was the one she--and those critics--had seen. The more I thought about it, the more I could see that these were no idiosyncratic subjective responses. Rather, our differences were bound up with Spike Lee's mix of styles of representation, which my sister and I responded to selectively and from very different perspectives. While Lee's representation of the Italians was moving and meaningful to her, she could find nothing in his portrayal of the black community that would provide for the same feelings. For, I came to see, while Lee uses to elaborate his white characters methods and narrative...
Words: 7201 - Pages: 29
