...over this trade over whether this legislation that legalise sex work increase human trafficking. This essay will discuss implications of decriminalizing sex work. The content of this study will outline the definition of terms that is sex work, human trafficking and decriminalizing sex work. It will also reflect on arguments over this trade whether the decriminalizing of sex work increases human trafficking. The ethical suggestions of decriminalizing sex work will be discussed and a defence for or against...
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...Sex trafficking is the most widespread form of human trafficking. Although, it is a global issue, awareness has spread recently due to media exposure. The effects of sex trafficking, in particular with women and children, include an increased risk for infectious diseases, pregnancy, pain and mental illnesses such as mood disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Rick factors for becoming a victim in sex trafficking include untreated conditions, lack of education and extreme poverty. In order for a smooth transition for survivors to enter back into society, they need to be able to receive holistic and individualized services. The research question, does the presence of absence of mental health care services affect a survivor’s ability to...
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...organizations. Statistics regarding THB during the World Cup are not publicly available yet. However, the BKA is currently collecting data and information on behalf of the German states’ Criminal Police offices and NGOs (Dreher, Cho, & Neumayer, 2013) . Another campaigns involved in the IOM, the MTV Europe Foundation, Sida and the World Childhood Foundation improved Public Service Announcement directly provided hotline information for anonymously report. “An increase on the demand side for sexual services during a major global sporting event, whatever the country, will inevitably attract traffickers who will see an opportunity to turn a quick profit,” says IOM head of Counter Trafficking Richard Danziger (2006). Additionally, international organizations included the ILO, UNICEF and Amnesty International among others declared statement focused on the issue of increase in the demand of sexual exploitation might possible increase in trafficking in human beings during the event. Further participants included the French coach, Raymond Domenech, the British police and the Swedish national teams would boycott the prostitution during the world cup. As a consequence, there were more...
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...Human Trafficking: The need for nursing advocacy by Barbara Glickstein. Neil A Onyeukpere According to Barbara Glickstein, “human trafficking is a serious crime and [global] human right tragedy” (Manson et al, 2012, p.735). Approximately 12.3 million are projected to be victims, whereas their perpetrators harvest over $32 billion as profit according to International Labor Organization Statistics (ILO, 2009). Glickstein believes that nurses have a part to play in the effort to this human tragedy through human trafficking awareness campaign, in addition to and teaching skills for detecting victims of human trafficking. Again, the issue of human trafficking is universal including the United States. Countless victims are transported into the country as caretakers, housekeepers, janitors, and restaurant workers only to be transformed into sex commodities slaves in numerous cases. The myth about human trafficking poses a challenging for societies to recognize the severity of the problem. One of such myths is the belief that it is only an international problem, motivated by poor living conditions in many countries, and that it is only a sex trade, but in actuality, it is a huge worldwide scourge (Mason et al, 2012). Human trafficking is an overall health matter with the implication of increasing sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, progress of psychological disorder including drug misuse, suicidal predispositions subsequent to socio economic problems (Manson...
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...| Political Science 2I03 – Global Politics Term Paper | Feminist Contributions to International Relations | Written By: Maryam Burney Professor: Dr. Andrew LuiTA: Meagan Kinsella Tutorial Section: T06 | Introduction Feminist research in the past twenty years has been successful enough to make women in international relations more visible. Feminism within IR has now evolved to an extent where disciplinary boundaries are being challenged and new issues and voices are being arisen. Feminists have productively established how the lives of sex workers, domestic servants, home-based workers and those who undergo grueling labour without pay, are also a part of global politics and the international economy (Hutchings et al., 2008, pg. 159). Feminist theory considers the effects of male dominance and how the socially constructed idea of “gender” affects international relations and its related fields. In essence it is not only simply about women, however, it is about the affiliation of masculinity and femininity as socially constructed groups that shape how we acknowledge and experience the political world. The differences that gender makes to global politics are vital to someone looking through a feminist lens. This also requires an individual to question whether or not it is appropriate to assume the characteristics of females (Ticker, 1997, pg. 616). Feminists within are international relations are troubled with a lot of misconceptions that leads to a negative perspective...
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...illegal in the United States and many other countries around the world. Five to ten percent of all organ transplants are obtained through an organ trade (“Is It Ever Right” 36). Organ trade is also known as organ trafficking. To better understand organ trafficking, it’s best to know what it is, to what extent it occurs, and what consequences there are for traffickers, victims, and recipients. In order to know more about this concept, it is important to know the definition of organ trafficking: Organ trafficking entails the recruitment, transport, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power, of a position of vulnerability, of giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation by the removal of organs, tissues, or cells for transplantation. (Budiani-Saberi and Delmonico 925) This definition captures the amount of exploitation used in soliciting a donor in an illegal organ trade (Budiani and Delmonico 926). The exploitation can bring up many ethical and health concerns surrounding the trafficking of human organs. “There is a global shortage of organs for transplants” (“Is It Ever Right” 36)....
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...a social worker, at the Women’s Community Centre, there is a need to research issues surrounding this cohort of women and the best practices that may be implemented to support them without causing further risk of harm. I ask that the board of Women’s Community Centre support this research. Human trafficking is described by the United Nations (2009) as the acquisition of persons by improper means, either by force, fraud or deception, with the explicit aim of exploiting these persons. World Vision (2012), state that people who are trafficked are placed into many different exploitive situations. These include: ‘commercial sex workers, sex shows, pornography….. non-commercial sexual exploitation through marriage’. They also note the rise in online sexual exploitation through the use of video-cams and the internet. Literature Review With the increase number of Asian women, who are presenting to our service, who state they have been bought to Australia and now find themselves ‘bonded’ and working in the sex trade industry, it has become evident that the circumstances of their situation would require workers who are aware of the Australian laws and the circumstances around trafficking as well as being culturally sensitive to their needs. I commenced my research with a review of available literature in order to find ways in which to offer support and guidance to these women who have been victimised. As our service uses a...
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...The Globalization of Prostitution According to Manfred Steger, professor at the University of Hawaii, globalization can be defined as the “intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localitites in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (13). The main characteristics of globalization are the increased amount of global trading, markets’ openings, and inflow and outflow of goods and service (Ditmore, 186). Globalization has four major qualities such as creation of new social networks, stretching of social relations, intensification of social exchanges, and consciousness across the world (14-15). Globalization can be beneficial in terms of communication and economic trade but also can be very harmful when it comes to sex marketing, trafficking and prostitution. Prostitution is a very controversial topic and is widely debated in different countries. Globally, people are divided into proponents and opponents of legalization of prostitution. This paper is going to research and critically analyze the conflict regarding legalization of prostitution as well as provide a comparative perspective on illegal prostitution in the United States and legal prostitution in Germany. Prostitution is often named as the oldest profession in the world. Even in the times of Bible, prostitution was one of the most common ways for women to earn money. According to American Bible Society, Proverbs 23:27-28 says “for a prostitute...
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...Perception of Human Trafficking and its Implication for Agricultural Production in Edo State, Nigeria Ofuoku, A. U. and Uzokwe, U. N. (Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, PMB 95074, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria) Citation: Ofuoku, A. U. and Uzokwe, U. N. (2012) “Rural Dwellers’ Perception of Human Trafficking and its Implication for Agricultural Production in Edo State, Nigeria”, Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 394-404. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2(3), pp. 394-404. Rural Dwellers’ Perception of Human Trafficking and its Implication for Agricultural Production in Edo State, Nigeria Abstract This study was carried out to ascertain the perception of rural dwellers on human trafficking in relation to its effect on agricultural production in the three Senatorial Districts of Edo State, Nigeria. A sample size of 120 household heads was used for the study. Structured questionnaire and interview schedule were used to collect data for the study. The data were analyzed using frequency counts, means and percentage while ChiSquare statistical model and Tobit regression analytical model were used to test the hypotheses. It was discovered that the household members were trafficked as a result of push and pull factors. The trafficked members of household were actively involved in farming practices before being trafficked. There is significant relationship between human trafficking...
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...Women and Children trafficking in Bangladesh: A Legal Study Md. Saddam Hossen[1] ABSTRACT Sexual abuse, exploitation, trafficking are nightmares for femininity especially for disadvantage groups and trafficking is the most heinous of all. Government as well as Non- Government Organizations is working for Prevention, Protection, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of trafficked victims and population at risk. Though among these, Prevention is the most effective to reduce or eliminate human trafficking it is least utilized. Perhaps lack of mechanisms by which to measure success or outcome of prevention activities is the cause of this. Still some NGOs are working on it. In fact NGOs have been the pioneers in bringing this invisible crime into the public domain by their continuous efforts. Government is now also concerned of it because of international pressure and concern. Government initiatives give emphasis on prosecution but it is a globally chained crime where prosecute real offender is tough. Rather prevention is the possible measure to stop trafficking. It is the only pre-trafficking measure which may help a young girl or child not to be victim of trafficking. NGOs are the only actor at grass root level working for prevention so it is necessary to see- actually what they are doing and has any change took place. . The study explains the definition of trafficking, causes and consequences of trafficking. It also suggest some recommendations for the preventio9n of this problem. ...
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...A Look at Human Trafficking Nicole Kohrmann Liberty University Abstract There is a world full of passionate people that want to bring awareness to human trafficking. Human trafficking exists on a global level affecting many men, women and children, in a variety of countries. Although there are some case studies available that involve this criminal activity, the lack of recorded data complicates the continued progress forward on the awareness of the real existence of human trafficking. The lack of data has a lot to do with the covert nature of human trafficking and the hidden activity that it is. The government will need to continue to amend the laws that are already in place, in order to prevent and catch traffickers before they reach their victims. Strong training for our law enforcement, our healthcare providers and any other agencies that may be involved also needs to be put in place. Continuing to create awareness will bring human trafficking to the surface for a difference to be made in the lives of the victims. Introduction On a global level human trafficking is an issue that continues to gain increasing awareness, as agencies in human services, law enforcement and health care professionals become more involved and aware of the problem. Human trafficking, according to the United Nations convention, is defined as; “the recruitment, transportation, transfer harboring, or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of...
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...your paper you must organize your writing using the sections and underlined titles listed on the assignment page. Do not copy the case study into your essay. 1. Pornography Joe secretly enjoys pornography. He gets a great deal of gratification out of viewing Internet pornography and masturbating, though he always acts behind closed doors and believes that his actions have no effect on others. He justifies his behavior by saying, ‘Who am I harming?’ Then he discovers a statistic on the Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking website (http://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/issues_doc/labour/Forced_labour/HUMAN_TRAFFICKING_-_THE_FACTS_-_final.pdf) stating that 43% of human trafficking victims are used for forced commercial sexual exploitation, of whom 98% are women and girls, and that the pornography business is a multibillion dollar industry (Global Initiative, n.d.). His freedom to view pornography is now at odds with harm to himself (addiction) and others (abuse through forced trafficking and media exploitation). (More information can be found at http://www.lifeissues.net/writers/may/may_17pornographycost.html, which is a report by William May called “The Social Costs of Pornography” provided by the Witherspoon Institute out of Princeton [May, 2010].) How should Joe respond? Should he maintain his lifestyle because of his freedom of choice or should he change his behavior because of the harm done? What is his responsibility for the harm that the pornography industry can...
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...Some of you may be wondering what trafficking is. I’ll be honest—I didn’t know a lot about it until recently, either. And that’s shocking, because it’s an international problem that affects millions and millions of people, and has far-reaching implications for communities everywhere. Sex trafficking involves the involuntary transport of people, primarily women and girls, for the purpose of sex. These women are someone’s mother, daughter, sister, friend—hidden behind locked doors and pulled shades, forced against their will to engage in sex acts with dozens of men a day. In effect, sex trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery. Sex trafficking also has widespread negative consequences for families and communities. It promotes societal breakdown by removing women and girls from their families and communities. Trafficking fuels organized crime groups that usually participate in many other illegal activities, including drug and weapons trafficking and money laundering. Many traffickers are never captured. Widespread corruption and greed make it possible for sex traffickers in many areas to quickly and easily proliferate. Though national and international institutions may attempt to regulate and enforce anti-trafficking legislation, local governments and police forces may in fact be participating in sex trafficking rings. And in places where governments and law officials are mobilized against it, the secretive, hidden nature of sex trafficking makes it difficult to find, track...
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...manufacturing, and trafficking, drug-related crime and violence, and drug-related health consequences” (The White House, 2006). Each year the policies are updated to reflect the current trends within the illegal world of drug trafficking. Drug use in the last decade has nearly doubled. The Bush Administration updated the policies in February 2006 to achieve the primary goal of reducing drug use within the United States. The President’s strategy focuses on three principal elements: stopping drug use before it starts, healing drug users, and disrupting the market for illicit drugs. This paper will discuss the specifics, origins and goal of the third strategy, “Disrupting the Markets”. The writer will also discuss resources and costs involved for effective implementation and maintenance. Finally, this paper will provide information on the effects of drug use on the community, ethical implications and suggestions to improve this particular strategy. The policy of “Disrupting the Markets” attempts to stop drug trade by attacking the economics of the system. This element of the Bush Administration strategy provides details on progress being done domestically and internationally to “disrupt the availability of illicit drugs, through source country efforts, interdiction programs, and investigative operations. We are attacking market vulnerabilities in the illegal drug trade and applying pressure to reduce profits and raise the risks of drug trafficking” (The White House...
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...Bangladesh is a source and transit country for men, women, and children subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labor and forced prostitution. A significant share of Bangladesh’s trafficking victims are men recruited for work overseas with fraudulent employment offers who are subsequently exploited under conditions of forced labor or debt bondage. Children – both boys and girls – are trafficked within Bangladesh for commercial sexual exploitation, bonded labor, and forced labor. Some children are sold into bondage by their parents, while others are induced into labor or commercial sexual exploitation through fraud and physical coercion. Women and children from Bangladesh are also trafficked to India for commercial sexual exploitation.Human Trafficking In Bangladesh Bangladeshi men and women migrate willingly to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Iraq, Lebanon, Malaysia, Liberia, and other countries for work, often under legal and contractual terms. Most Bangladeshis who seek overseas employment through legal channels rely on the 724 recruiting agencies belonging to the Bangladesh Association of International Recruiting Agencies (BAIRA). These agencies are legally permitted to charge workers up to $1,235 and place workers in low-skilled jobs typically paying between $100 and $150 per month. According to NGOs, however, many workers are charged upwards of $6,000 for these services. A recent Amnesty International report on Malaysia...
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