...Peer Sexual Assault on College Campuses Rape is the most serious felony other than murder (McArdle). There have been many cases in the media today about rape on college campuses and these cases involve peer sexual assault. Recently "twenty to twenty-five percent of college women are victims of attempted or completed nonconsensual sex" (Cantaloup..Burying). This makes more sense since most sexual assault crimes happen from someone the victims know. Peer sexual assault has become very popular amongst college campuses and many people do not like the way in which these cases have been handled. These cases are trailed under the preponderance of evidence which uses a fifty percent of evidence needed for the accused to be guilty (Yee). These cases...
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...’ through the criminalization of the purchase of sex while decriminalizing the supply in order to protect sex workers’ equal rights and reduce violence against women, specifically those within the sex trade market. Summary The current legislation on prostitution in Canada prohibits the action of prostitution, specifically surrounding the issue of solicitation and the use of public space. Although, it appears that prostitution is legal in Canada, the current law is riddled with arbitrariness, hypocrisy and virtually no enforcement. The current law reflects inherent bias and sexism towards women who decide to work within the sex industry and forces women to work in dangerous isolation, afraid to seek help. This reinforces patriarchal norms that insist women seduce men to the point where they no longer have any self-control, placing societal blame on the woman. This sexism locks women in to prostitution where they are subject to rape, violence or physical and psychological trauma. In Canada, Aboriginal women are over-represented within the sex trade industry because of vulnerability to exploitation driven by poverty. The current legislation does not adhere to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, negating women’s right to equal opportunities and the personal autonomy over their own body. Recommendations A reformation of this legislation would criminalize johns and pimps who purchase or exploit women, while decriminalizing women within prostitution. The reformation would...
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...Everyone seems to have an opinion on sex work, whether that opinion is rooted in personal experience, moral values, or exposure to research. Defined as “the performance of sex acts for hire; prostitution” (ProCon Organization) sex work is most often stigmatized. Though it can be vilified and illegal, sex work does exist on a global scale; the issues surrounding it, therefore, affect millions and must be carefully examined. Policy-makers, scholars, community leaders, and citizens should consider the arguments both supporting and opposing decriminalization of sex work, defined by the Global Network of Sex Work Projects as “the removal of all criminal and administrative prohibitions and penalties on sex work, including laws targeting clients and...
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...Brothel Prostitution Sex is an integral part of human culture and nature. Humans have an ingrained craving for it that they satiate in different manners. Prostitution, long described as the world’s oldest profession, formed around this craving and over time has evolved into a worldwide industry that has only been aided through the use of technology. However, sex work remains illegal in the United States and most parts of the world and the consequences for participating as a consumer or supplier are grave. This illegality has adverse effects on modern society’s health, economy and safety that would easily be alleviated in the event of the decriminalization of prostitution and the legalization of regulated brothel prostitution: Prostitutes face a real health risk due to the criminalization. According to Steffanie A. Strathdee and colleagues from her article “Dispelling Myths about Sex Workers and HIV” in the medical journal The Lancet. …sex workers face substantial barriers in accessing prevention, treatment, and care services… because of stigma, discrimination, and criminalization.” and “illegality of sex work creates barriers to sex workers seeking HIV prevention… due to fear of authorities. This fear of authorities is a significant barrier for prostitutes for many reasons and includes prostitute’s unfortunate avoidance to condom use. “Police harassment, [the] arrest of sex workers for carrying condoms [and] the use of condoms as evidence of sex work”(Strathdee et al. 5) are...
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...kidnapped and are forced into free labor. Currently an estimation of 20.9 million are exposed international. About 4.5 of the 20.9 million are forced into sex labor. Since the 2000’s many women and young girls have been reported missing. In 2001, about 194 adults and 4 minors were reported to be missing and came in contact with this harsh reality. In 2016, 15 years later, numbers of these cases has increased tremendously. Just in 2016, 5,551 cases were reported for sex trafficking. Numbers have moved from 198 to 5,551 in just 15 years.With no power, women and young girls are kidnapped and tricked into sex trafficking every day and are never heard or seen from again. While the numbers increase international, United States can help by legalizing prostitution. When you’re getting yourself to a destination the last thing on your mind is the terrible reality of never seeing your love ones or have the same life again. The last thing on you mind is being kidnapped or tricked into slavery. Since the early 2000’s, many have lost sisters and daughters to this dreadful reality. With many things getting public’s attention, i...
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...Sex trafficking We live in a world that has acknowledged man's outright control over another. The unjustified exchange and subjugation of individuals in the twenty first century mirrors a ruffian situation which affirms that the best moral test confronting the globe today is sex trafficking. Sex trafficking is composed of two viewpoints: first is sexual slavery and the second is human trafficking. These two things show the supply and demand side of the sex trafficking industry, individually. This misuse depends on the communication between the traffickers offering a casualty (the individual being trafficked and sexually abused) to clients to perform sexual services. These sex trafficking violations are characterized by three stages: securing, development, and misuse. The different sorts of sex trafficking are youngster sex tourism (CST), household minor sex trafficking (DMST) or business sexual abuse of kids, and prostitution (Farley). The circumstances that sex trafficking casualties face fluctuate significantly. Numerous casualties turn out to be impractically required with somebody who then strengths or controls them into prostitution. Others are tricked in with bogus guarantees of a vocation, for example, demonstrating or moving. Some are compelled to offer...
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...tackled the problem from different points of view, with more or less success, but the answer is not simple. There is a huge need to pose prostitution as a legal job and decriminalize it in order to increase control and protection of women. Prostitution should not be a crime. Prostitutes are not committing an inherently harmful act. While the spread of disease and other detriments are possible in the practice of prostitution, criminalization is a sure way of worsening the issue rather than addressing its effect. "Lawrence v. Texas." Oyez. Chicago-Kent College of Law at Illinois Tech, n.d. April 14, 2016. https://www.oyez.org/cases/2002/02-102 Lawrence v. Texas was brought by a gay couple from Houston who were being prosecuted for having sex in the privacy of their own home. Texas was one of a handful of states...
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...Profession Prostitution is the act of offering sexual services to another person in return for money. Prostitution is often referred to as the world’s oldest profession and has existed in the sex industry for centuries occurring all over the world. Since prostitution first began the debate has raged: should prostitution be legalized or not? To protect the safety of sex trade workers, the time has come to legalize prostitution. A major argument for legalizing prostitution is the questionable logic of criminalizing an activity that occurs routinely in our society. The services of a prostitute are used regularly by many people. According to Doctor Allan Schwartz, four main reasons that men visit prostitutes are a “compulsive need for sex, an insatiable need for sexual pleasure, a fear of intimacy or relationships, and misogyny” (Schwartz). These reasons for using the services of prostitutes have existed for a long period of time and the demand for paid sex will always exist. In many segments of society paying for sex is acceptable. History has proven that eliminating prostitution is not possible. Decriminalizing the sex trade will recognize prostitutions role in our society. Prostitution is generally an act between consenting adults and different categories include street, brothels, escorts and sex tourism. According to Sherry F. Colb of Rutgers Law School, prostitution is classified as a victimless crime. She states “What makes prostitution a victimless crime in the sense that no...
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...In June 2014, Canada passed new legislation in regards to sex work, Bill C-36 The Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act. This act was meant to protect sex workers by criminalizing the buying – not the selling – of sex, and reduce the demand for prostitution by discouraging entry into it. In fact, Bill C-36 impedes sex workers from organizing and protecting themselves, often leaving them to engage in riskier behaviour, imposing more danger to sex workers, criminalization and fewer safe options. Introduction Prostitution or sex work in Canada is a controversial topic among many Canadians which often leads to intense debates with radically opposing views. The definitions of what constitutes sex work often vary, and multiple views...
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...thorough than commercial research because facilitating enduring individual and social behaviour change is complex. Why rely on a social marketing approach? * Impacts a significant portion of the priority population * Facilitates active behaviour change over a period of time * Stimulates change with limited resources * Develops creative ideas INTRODUCTION: “Let's make a law that gay people can have birthdays, but straight people get more cake--you know, to send the right message to kids.” ― Bill Maher, New Rules: Polite Musings from a Timid Observer LGBT rights are human rights and civil rights. It gives people the right to pick their sexual orientation. It has been discussed time and again on the Indian television. Same-sex relationships...
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... “What we became: Ruined Tools Infertile Holes Bloody Meat Exiled Silenced Alone… What we got called Ianfu-Comfort Women: Shugyofu- Women of Indecent Occupation (- SAY IT, The Vagina Monolouges- Eve Ensler,2008) Prostitution, pornography or sex work has been in history one of the most demeaned kinds of work. But today there is a drastic change in the way prostitution is viewed. There are demands from every corner about decriminalization of prostitution. In its draft statement ICPR (International Committee For Prostitute’s Rights) states, “Until recently, the women’s movement in most countries has not, or has only marginally, included prostitutes as spokeswoman or theorists. Historically, women’s movement (for example socialist and communist movements) has opposed the institution of prostitution, while claiming to support prostitute women. However, prostitutes reject support that requires them to leave prostitution, they object to being treated as symbols of oppression and demand recognition as workers. Due to feminist hesitation or refusal to accept prostitution as legitimate work and to accept prostitutes as working women, the majority of prostitutes have not been recognised as feminists. Nonetheless many prostitutes identify with feminist values such as independence, financial autonomy, sexual self-determination, personal strength and female bonding.’ In the new discourse demanding the legitimisation...
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...NAZ ON GAY PRIDE: HAS HOMOSEXUALITY BEEN LEGALISED IN INDIA? Sujoy Chatterjee Student, National Law University, Jodhpur I. INTRODUCTION: HISTORY OF S.377 Sir Fitz-James Stephen, in his treatise on the History of Criminal Law , has opined, “The Indian Penal Code may be described as the criminal law of England…to suit the circumstances of British India.” S.377 of The Indian Penal Code, which proscribes “Unnatural Offences”, is one such import of Victorian standards of morality as prevalent in Britain at that time. S.377, at the time of its introduction in India in 1861, was contrary to existing Indian law which did not treat sodomy as a crime. S.377 proscribes “carnal intercourse against the order of nature”. The marginal note refers to the acts proscribed as "unnatural offences", but this expression is not used in the text of S.377. The expression "carnal intercourse" is used in the text of the Section, as distinct from the expression "sexual intercourse", which appears in S.375 and S.497 of the Indian Penal Code. But the expression “carnal intercourse” itself is not defined, nor does S.377 provide any explanation or illustration as to what acts are proscribed. This was initially a source of great confusion as to what acts fall under the ambit of the term “carnal intercourse”. In Government v. Bapoji Bhatt it was held that the act of putting a penis in a boy’s mouth is not covered by S.377, since this provision is based on English sodomy law and hence requires...
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...Against Legalizing Prostitution in Country like Indonesia There is an ongoing and intense debate surrounding decriminalizing prostitution. Some countries, such as The Netherlands, Canada and Australia have legalized Prostitution. They argue that the legalization of prostitution brings more good than harm, and so far people see that good things such as an increase in country’s gross domestic product and economic output from those country is happening. But, that’s just a glance of external view out of a lot of things that really happened inside of the country that legalize prostitution itself, such as morale issue and women trafficking. This writing will boldly show and explains the arguments against legalizing prostitution and why a country like Indonesia should not legalize prostitution. Some people, whom agree to legalize prostitution, come up with arguments that from their point of view will bring more goods than bad. First, they argue that legalizing prostitution will decrease the number of sexual harassment and rape. They believe that by the legalization of prostitution, it will reduce the number of unwanted sex since it is now woman’s choice to get in to the business of prostitution or not and it will not be called as rape if both parties are willing to have sex. Second, It will be better and safer for sex-workers if prostitution was legalized and regulated. This point argue that if prostitution was legalized then there will be less crimes against (un-legalized) prostitutes...
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...of women and even children. As early as 18th century BC, prostitution has been recognized as a profession. It was a sign of hospitality for the ancient Sumerians, for others it was obligatory for their beliefs and religion. However, man has gone far from the ways of the old. Now, the world is at that point in history where everyone should have learned from ancestors’ accomplishments and failures alike. Prostitution, commonly referred to as “the world’s oldest profession”, must have been solved as a social issue long ago, but similar to other issues it hasn’t been fully eliminated because it is a social problem. Social problems are deeply rooted in the nature of humans and society. As long as there are people willing to understand and work with these women towards social equity, there is a solution. There are efforts to remove prostitution and most of all the exploitation, harassment and abuse of those involved such as legal measures and private organizations aiding abused and procured prostitutes. The most important of these efforts are the ones done for the safety, social welfare and rehabilitation of the women unwillingly involved. II. Body Trafficking is a crime against humanity. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) defines trafficking in persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of...
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...Chapter 6 - Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation Essay Question - How do the various theoretical perspectives explain inequality based on sexual orientation? Summarize each perspective and then explain which one you find most compelling and why. Gay, Lesbian, Transsexual, Queer, homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual they are all just different words for defining individuals. Sexual behaviour whether heterosexual or homosexual is a learnt therefore the focus is on the development of the identity of which they identify themselves as gay, lesbian, bisexual or straight is the Interactionist perspective. It is assumed that most individuals define themselves as heterosexual because it is the established norm; therefore do not have to struggle over their identity. This thought of having a choice over identity should be disregarded. The individual is caught trying to define whom they are when subconsciously they already know. This theory is based on the journey that individuals take to define themselves. (Kendall, Nygaard, & Thompson, 2004) The feminist perspective theory that has changed drastically over the last 4 decades. in the late 1960s and through the 1970s sexual orientation was debated by radical feminist and the oppression of women in society. Today feminist argue that “Feminism asserts the right of all women to make their erotic choices, and this includes choosing men exclusively. Feminism also rejects the hierarchy of sexual practices, and do does not seek to substitute...
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