...in philosophy of science terms, "lawlike". It was Cronbach and Meehl's view of construct validity that in order to provide evidence that a measure has construct validity, a Nomological network has to be developed for its measure. The elements of a nomological network are: * Must have at least two constructs; * Theoretical propositions, specifying linkages between constructs: "As age increases, memory loss increases". * Correspondence rules, allowing a construct to be measured. Operationalization: "Age is measured by asking "how old are you?" * Empirical constructs or variables that can actually be measured. These are operationalized theoretical constructs. * Empirical linkages: Hypotheses before data collection. Empirical generalization after data collection. What is the Nomological Net? The nomological network is an idea that was developed by Lee Cronbach and Paul Meehl in 1955 (Cronbach, L. and Meehl, P. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests, Psychological Bulletin, 52, 4, 281-302.) as part of the American Psychological Association's efforts to develop standards for psychological testing. The term "nomological" is derived from Greek and means "lawful", so the nomological network can be thought of as the "lawful network." The nomological network was Cronbach and Meehl's view of construct validity. That is, in order to provide evidence that your measure has construct validity, Cronbach and Meehl argued that you had to develop a Nomological...
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...Commentary on Cronbach’s ‘The Two Disciplines of Scientific Psychology’ In this paper Lee Cronbach delivers his visionary presidential address to the American Psychological Association (APA), calling for the unification of experimental and correlational psychology in which he argued that psychology continues to this day to be limited by the dedication of its investigators to one or the other method of inquiry rather than to scientific psychology as a whole. He discusses the two streams on branches of psychology that have run through the last century. One stream being the experimental and the other correlational psychology. He describes the essential features of each approach to asking questions about human nature and he strongly hints at the benefits to be gained by unification. Put simply, Cronbach sees this as a puppet show where the experimentalist manipulates the puppets to arrive at a successful outcome while the correlationist watches the interaction of the puppets as he would people, to see how environment, social elements and the like affects them. Cronbach is proposing a coming together of these two strands of psychology to compliment each other and arrive at a more complete solution. The experimenter is more concerned with situations that he can closely control i.e. experiments with laboratory animals in a closely confined situation where he can introduce variables and see how his subjects react to stimuli and measure the responses. The correlationist is...
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...Academic Stress and Emotional Eating among Selected College Students A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Department of Psychology Far Eastern University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Degree Bachelors of Science in Psychology By Alingayao, Liezel O. Esporlas, Mara Alexandria F. Hablero, Maritony E. Pilones, Edrick V. Siano, Silka Andrea M. Torrecampo, Lyana Nicole B. CHAPTER 3 Research Methodology This chapter contains the research design of the study, which is the description of the participants and the techniques for gathering the respondents. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the data gathering procedures and the statistical treatment of the data. Research Design The researchers used descriptive design, which are the comparative and correlational methods. Descriptive method is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exist with respect to variables or the conditions in a situation (Key, 1997). Comparative study identifies the similarities and the difference between the variables across societies. Correlational study determines whether or not two variables are correlated (Kalla, n.d.). Looking for a variable that seems to interact with each other, so that when you see one changing, you have the idea of how others will change (Devin, 2015). These methodologies were applied in order to find the significant differences and similarities of academic stress and emotional...
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...Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary 3 Institute for Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary Aim: Psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the original and the short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were investigated in the present study. Methods: Participants were undergraduate university students (N=1163) and patients visiting their General Practitioners (GPs) for various somatic complaints (N=466). Results: According to the confirmatory factor analysis, both versions showed adequate fit to the theoretical one-and-one (positive and negative affect) factor model. Internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach-alpha values) were above .8 for the original positive and negative scales, .73 and .79 for the short positive scale, and .65 and .67 for the short negative scale in the student and the patient groups, respectively. The correlations between the original 10-item subscales and their 5-item counterparts were above .9 in both groups. Conclusion: The short PANAS scale represents a good and practical alternative for the original version, with lower but still acceptable internal consistency values. Keywords: PANAS, negative affect, positive affect, psychometric properties ver the past decades, numerous investigations were conducted in relation to the assessment of emotional and mood states. Positive and negative emotional states are the two...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction This chapter serves the general outlook of the research. It will provide the health insurance planning overview, general information regarding the organization, the existing group health insurance plan which provided by the employer (LHDNM), background of study, the problem statement, research objective, research question, hypothesis, and scope of study, limitation of study, significance of study and definition of terms. Firstly, the title of the research is “The Study on the Factors Influencing The Purchasing Behavior of Personal Health Insurance among The Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia‟s (LHDNM) Staff”. There are general overviews of the personal health insurance planning and the background of the organization. After that the researcher will discuss about the background of study, problem statement, research objective and research questions. Besides, the researcher will state hypothesis of the relationship between three independent variables. Then the researcher will attach the scope of study and limitation of study. The next part is the significant of the study and definition of term. 1 1.1 About health insurance planning Health insurance, like other forms of insurance, is a form of collectivism by means of which people collectively pool their risk, in this case the risk of incurring medical expenses. The collective is usually publicly owned or else is organized on a non-profit...
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...BAB I PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Penulisan Laporan ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan data tentang hasil kuesioner kami sehingga lebih mudah untuk dibaca dan kita bisa menentukan apakan korespon merasa puas atau tidak dengan pelayanan, fasilitas, dan produk dari kesuluruhan proses bisnis yang ada pada supermarket sakinah Setelah dilakukan pengumpulan data kuesioner yang telah di isi oleh responden, maka diperlukan beberapa uji statistik guna menarik kesimpulan atas hasil dari kuesioner yang telah ada. Di mulai dari menguji kereliablitias dan kevalidan data hasil kuesioner sampai confidence interval. Sehingga, dapat ditarik kesimpulan dari data statistik yang telah diolah, apakah customer merasa puas atau tidak dengan proses bisnis di Supermarket Sakinah yang ada yang ditinjau dari beberapa aspek antara lain Fasilitas, Produk, dan Pelayanan yang menunjang proses pembelajaran yang efektif. 1.2 Tujuan Penulisan Untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan Customer terhadap proses bisnis Supermarket Sakina ditinjau dari aspek Pelayanan, Fasilitas dan Produk yang dapat menunjang proses bisnis yang tepat. 1.3 Rumusan Masalah Adapun rumusan masalahnya antara lain: Apakah Customer merasa puas atau tidak terhadap proses bisnis di Jurusan Supermarket Sakina ditinjau dari aspek kelengkapan dan kualitas yang prima serta kelengkapan Fasilitas? Apakah Customer merasa puas atau tidak terhadap proses pembelajaran di Jurusan Supermarket Sakina ditinjau dari aspek Pelayanan ? Apakah Customer merasa...
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...International Journal of Hospitality Management 35 (2013) 225–236 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Hospitality Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijhosman Employee performance outcomes and burnout following the presentation-of-self in customer-service contexts Catherine Prentice a,∗ , Po-Ju Chen b , Brian King c a b c Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, Florida, FL, USA SHTM, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Burnout Occupational commitment Emotional intelligence Emotional labour Organizational citizenship behaviour Task performance Moderation a b s t r a c t This study examines how emotional intelligence and occupational commitment have a moderating effect on the relationship between emotional labour and its potential outcomes. Two acting strategies reflect emotional labour, namely surface and deep acting, with burnout and performance as the prospective outcomes. Burnout is operationalized into emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and diminished personal achievement; whereas performance is operationalized into task performance and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The study investigates employee responses from several tourism and hospitality organizations in Florida, USA. The results show that emotional...
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...Factor Analysis |KMO and Bartlett's Test | |Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. |.723 | |Bartlett's Test of Sphericity |Approx. Chi-Square |403.853 | | |df |105 | | |Sig. |.000 | Table. 1 As the KMO value is greater than 0.6 we infer that the sampling size is adequate. |Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings | |Total |% of Variance |Cumulative % | |3.731 |24.875 |24.875 | |2.348 |15.656 |40.531 | |1.506 |10.040 |50.571 | |1.061 |7.072 |57.643 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ...
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...Running head: TITLE OF PAPER !1 Title of Paper Student Name University Information TITLE OF PAPER !2 Abstract An abstract page should already include the page header. On the first line of the abstract page, center the word “Abstract” (no bold, formatting, italics, underlining, or quotation marks). Beginning with the next line, after writing your paper, write a concise summary of the key points of your research. Do not indent. Your abstract should contain at least your research topic, research questions, participants, methods, results, data analysis, and conclusions. You may also include possible implications of your research and future work you see connected with your findings. Your abstract should be a single paragraph double-spaced. An abstract should be between 150 and 250 words. TITLE OF PAPER !3 Title of Paper The first part of the paper is called the “Introduction” section, yet it does not have a heading that actually says “Introduction.” Instead, the title of the paper is typed at the top of the first page (be sure to center the title, but do not put it in bold). In this section you would often start with a topic paragraph that introduces the problem under study. Introductions are designed to grab the attention of the reader, set up the topic you will be writing about, and state your thesis for the paper. The importance of the topic should be pretty clear from the first paragraph or two of the Introduction. Section 2.05 of the...
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...The measurement scale, namely the questionnaire, is based on literature, where the contributing factors, namely economic, emotional, educational, marketing, quality and growth and development contribution of an arts festival to the performing arts are determined based on the perception of the festival visitor. The scale proved to be a valid measure, as the exploratory factor analysis on the combined data of Innibos and Vryfees (n = 982) supported construct validity and criterion validity. Further validity was proven by a confirmatory factor analysis on the data of KKNK (n = 602). CFA fit indices also indicate that the model has a satisfactory fit with the data. The scale can also be regarded as a reliable measure based on the high Cronbach‟s alpha coefficients and inter-item correlation values of the factors. Details of the methodology are described and the subsequent use of the scale is advocated. Keywords: arts festival, confirmatory factor analysis, measurement scale, performing arts, reliability, standardisation, validity Sources:...
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...JOB SATISFACTION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR ALTERNATIVES TO JDI T. Ramayah School of Management Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang, Malaysia ramayah@usm.my Muhamad Jantan School of Management Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang Malaysia mjantan@usm.my Suresh K. Tadisina Department of Management Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA (618) 453-3307 (Office) suresht@cba.siu.edu Track: OB/OT National Decision Sciences Conference, San Francisco, November 2001 Interdisciplinary Theme: Global Issues Primary corresponding Author: Suresh K. Tadisina Presenting Individual: Suresh K. Tadisina JOB SATISFACTION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR ALTERNATIVES TO JDI ABSTRACT JOB SATISFACTION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR ALTERNATIVES TO JDI INTRODUCTION In recent times there has been a convergence of interest on the efforts by organizations to examine conditions that foster greater satisfaction with job. The basic reason for this renewed interest is the perception that broad even global, shifts in the internal structures and employment practices are inducing changes in the ties that bind employees to their job. While the concern for employee satisfaction in Malaysia is high, empirical research on its correlates is insignificant. Most knowledge comes from journalistic accounts, individual experiences, opinions of scholars and corridor conversation. These are essentially descriptive pieces without much empirical base and with limited utility for the theory of knowledge...
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...Outline I. Introduction Thesis: In studying the underlying constructs of psychology – the origins of humanity, human nature, and human purpose – one sees the extensive influence of evolution. When contrasted with the biblical view of creationism, it becomes clear that modern psychology shares little in common with biblical principles. II. Basic Constructs of Human Psychology A. Human 1. What is a human being? 2. How do humans differ from animals? B. Human Behavior 1. Thought, feeling, action 2. Inner and outer worlds of human perception III. Human Origins A. Evolution 1. Life from non-life material/Big Bang Theory 2. Genetic mutation 3. Natural selection a. Competition as the foundation of behavior b. Law of the Jungle B. Creationism 1. God created the universe and all creatures 2. Each species was created separate and distinct 3. God created man special in God’s own image IV. Human Nature A. Evolution 1. Survival of the fittest a. Social behavior b. Mating c. Reproduction 2. Behaviorism a. Behavior is a combination of social learning and genetic influencces b. Effect on antisocial behavior on reproduction 3. Biological determinism a. No real basis for free will B. Creationism 1. Humans were made in God’s image a. God is love, justice, kindness, and joyful 2. The Fall of Man separated humans from God a. ‘War’ between good and evil b. Man’s nature is now sinful 3. Jesus the Son of God redeemed human...
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...VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HO CHI MINH CITY INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS CUSTOMER SWITCHING BEHAVIOR IN THE VIETNAM RETAIL BANKING INDUSTRY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS in BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Student’s name: BÙI THỊ GIÁNG HƯƠNG Student’s ID: BAIU09043 Advisor: NGUYỄN VĂN PHƯƠNG, Ph.D Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2014 CUSTOMER SWITCHING BEHAVIOR IN THE VIETNAM RETAIL BANKING INDUSTRY APPROVED BY: Advisor APPROVED BY: Committee _____________________________ ______________________________ Nguyễn Văn Phương, Ph.D. Nguyen Kim Thu, Dr., Chairman ______________________________Duong Thuy Tram Anh, MBA, Secretary ______________________________Le Phuong Thao, MBA, ______________________________ Hoanh Thanh Nhon, MBA, Thesis Committee ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During the time working on this thesis, there are plenty of difficulties that I have been through and plenty of experiences that I have learned. This thesis is finished with the valuable contributions of many people that I am very thankful to. First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratefulness to my advisor, Ph.D. Nguyen Van Phuong for his guidance, support and contribution during the whole process from the beginning of this task till the end. Especially in my first stage, his tutorials and recommendations helped me to get through the obstacles resulted from short of time and knowledge...
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...share the findings to those students who have difficulties on their subjects. Statement of the Problem/Research Question The research will seek to answer the following problems: * What are the different study habits of Baguio Juniors? * How do their study habits affect their academic performance? Methodology General Descriptive The researchers will conduct an interview among the Baguio Juniors. Random sampling will be used. They will be asked about their academic performance. The researchers will analyze the data collected. Specific Methods/Tools Interview Target Participants 10 % of the Baguio Juniors Initial Reference List Armstrong, William Howard. Study is Hard Work. New York: Harper and Brother, 1956. Cronbach, Lee Joseph. Educational Psychology. 2nd ed. New York: Hancourt Brace and World, 1963. Cofer, C. N., and Musgrave, B. Verbal Behavior and Learning: Problems and Processes. USA: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1961 Hergenhahn, B. R. An Introduction to Theories of Learning. New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1982 Lerner, Janet. Learning Disabilities: Theories, Diagnosis and Teaching Strategies. USA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993. Santiago, Diane. Thesis. The Influence of the Study habits and attitudes in academic performance: the case of the University of Baguio Science High School. Baguio City, 2001 Barrameda, Rhynbie R. and Victoriano, Xenia P. Thesis. An analysis of the Factors that affect the University of the Philippines Baguio...
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...Theoretical Framework a. The study framework is not clearly identified; however, a tentative theory is proposed since a tentative theory “has had minimal exposure to critique by the discipline, and has had little testing” (Burns & Grove, 2009). b. The discussion of the conceptual framework is limited to the model of impaired sleep. The linking of the concept of impaired sleep to independent variables of the Fatigue countermeasures program for nurses (FCMPN). The major study concepts include: sleep deprivation (inadequate sleep), sleep disruption (fragmented sleep), lifestyle situation, and health related issues. Variables Identification and Definition Independent Variables: Feasibility of an FCMPN intervention for patient and nurse safety Conceptual Definition: “The model of impaired sleep (Lee et al., 2004) guided the intervention for evaluating the feasibility of an FCMPN for improving sleep duration and quality while reducing daytime sleepiness and patient care errors… Performance accomplishment was achieved by ‘educating’ the staff about fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms; neurobehavioral and health effects associated with sleep loss or deprivation; and misconceptions about sleepiness” (Scott, et al. 2010, p. 250, 253). Operational Definition: “A one-group pretest-posttest repeated measures approach was used. Participants provided data 2 week before the FCMPN, 4 weeks after receiving the intervention, and again at 3 months after intervention (Scott, et al. 2010...
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