...MECHANISM OF MEIOTIC CROSSING OVER: The mechanism of crossing over includes the following stages i.e., Synapsis, Duplication of chromosomes, Crossing over and Terminalization. i. Synapses: It is the intimate pairing between two homologous chromosomes (one maternal and another paternal) during zygotene stage of prophase I of meiosis. Synapsis often starts when the homologous ends of the two chromosomes come together on the nuclear envelope and it continue inward in a zipper-like manner from both ends aligning the two homologous chromosomes side by side. By synapsis each gene is thus brought into juxtaposition i.e. side by side. The resulting pairs of the homologous chromosomes are called bivalents. ii. Duplication of chromosomes: The synapses are followed by the duplication of chromosomes (in pacytene stage). During this stage, each homologous chromosome of bivalents split longitudinally and form two identical sister chromatids which remain together by the centromere. This stage of four chromatids in the pair is called tetrad. iii. Crossing over by breakage and union: Crossing over occurs in the homologous chromosomes only during the four stranded or tetrad stage. Homologous chromosome continue to stay in synapis for days during pacytene stage and chromosomal crossing over occurs due to exchange of chromosomal material between non-sister chromatids of each tetrad. During crossing over, two non-sister chromatids first break at the corresponding points due to activity of...
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...……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 7 2. Overall Description 2.1 Process Model……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 2.2 Work Break-down Structure……………………………………………………………………………………………….9 2.3 Data flow Diagram……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 2.4 Tentative Schedule…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11 2.5 Use-Case Model ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..12 3. Specific Requirement 3.1 Functional Requirements……………………………………………………………………………………………….....14 3.2 Non-Functional Requirements……………………………………………………………………………………………14 4. Conclusion 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 ABSTRACT Railways being the cheapest mode of transportation are preferred over all the other means. When we go through the daily newspapers we come across many railway accidents occurring at unmanned railway crossings. This is mainly due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack of workers. We, in this...
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...all agree some level of protection is necessary. A hasty generalization, perhaps, but let’s continue nonetheless. The real question becomes-- to what extent should we secure our borders? Here is where we reach a fork in the river. On one side, you have the conservative right-wing view, pushing to secure our borders at all costs. On the other side, is the liberal left-wing view, advocating for leniency when it comes to securing our borders. Let’s start with the conservative viewpoint. In the article “At the Border, on the Night Watch”, Marc Lacey reports on decreased border crossings in the border town of Douglas, Arizona. For example, “no matter the dire rhetoric often heard in political circles, crossings at this stretch of border are nowhere near what they once were” (Lacey). This is a good example of a slippery slope fallacy appealing to the fear factor (i.e. claim that a certain way of thinking or acting will necessary lead to more of the same). Proponents for border patrol argue an increase in staffing serve as a deterrent to thwart border crossings and help to apprehend drug traffickers, which ignores the possibilities of lesser financial incentive due to a weaker U.S. economy for immigrants or perhaps, more attractive crossing routes elsewhere. Another argument of proponents is improved fencing. For example, “Douglas used to have a modest barrier right around the port of entry. Smugglers took drugs and migrants around the edges and just ran north, playing the...
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... moped-riders and pedestrians. Painted curbs Red light: At a red light, come to a complete stop at the stop line or, if there is no stop line, before entering the intersection or before reaching the crosswalk. Remain stopped as long as the signal is red, unless turns are allowed. Right turn on red: You may turn right while the traffic signal displays a red light. Before turning, you must come to a complete stop. Look both ways and yield the right-of-way to pedestrians and other traffic. Be sure to check for less visible vehicles such as motorcycles, bicycles and mopeds. You may not turn right on red if signs are posted at the intersection that read “No Turn on Red,” or if a red arrow pointing to the right is displayed. Left turn on red: You may turn left at a red light if you are on a one-way street and turning left onto another one-way street while the traffic signal displays a red light. Before turning, you must come to a complete stop. Look both ways and yield the right-of-way to pedestrians and other traffic. Be sure to check for less visible vehicles such as motorcycles, bicycles, and mopeds. You may not turn left on red if signs are posted at the intersection that read “No Turn on Red,” or if a red arrow pointing to the left is displayed. V I R G I N I A D R I V E R ’ S M A N U A L | 5...
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...to the bazaar in Tarin Kowt proper. The other 15 kilometers has been closed off from local national traffic due to Taliban operations in the area. The half that is improved stretches through the majority of the Dorafshan district and has had a history of targeted attacks on Afghanistan National Army (ANA), Afghanistan National Police (ANP) and National Directorate of Security (NDS). These targeted attacks have consisted of anything from Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIED), Motorcycle Borne Improvised Explosive Attacks(MBIED), Radio Controlled Improvise Explosive Devices(RCIED) all the way down to insider attacks that resulted in a ANP checkpoint with personnel who were resting to be beaten to death with a hammer. This improved portion of the route has not had many kinetic events targeting N.A.T.O forces, however, my patrol has found an RCIED that was targeting ANP on this portion of the...
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...traffic signal is showing a steady red light: | | A. After stopping, you may turn left on any street unless prohibited by signs. | B. You may proceed straight ahead after stopping, and when it is safe. | C. After stopping, you may turn right unless prohibited by signs. | D. You must slow down before entering the intersection, but only if you can do so safely. | You should not use your horn: | | A. When you have lost control of your vehicle and risk hitting someone. | B. When passing a horse-drawn vehicle or horseback rider. | C. If someone moves into your lane and there is an immediate danger. | D. All of the above | A truck's blind spots: | | A. Are eliminated with an additional outside mirror on each side. | B. Can be checked by using rear view mirrors. | C. Are eliminated with bigger mirrors. | D. Are bigger than the blind spots of a passenger vehicle. | | If you are convicted of operating a vehicle after underage consumption, it will result in the following number of points on your driving record: | | A. No points. | B. Two points. | C. Six points. | D. Four points. | What is the basic speed limit on state routes within municipal corporations outside urban districts? | | A. 45 mph. | B. 50 mph. | C. 55 mph. | D. 60 mph | If a traffic signal light is not working, you should proceed as if the intersection is, in all directions, controlled by: | | A. A flashing yellow signal. | B. A...
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...favor. If they would not jump in front of a train, then why would someone think it was a good idea to drive in front of one. The reasons for driving in front of a train, or onto the train tracks, are probably as diverse as the number of people who do this. There are, however, many things you can do to make sure that you are one of those who choose wisely and drive safely when railroad crossings are involved. You can stay safe at railroad crossings when you pay attention to the warning signs, follow general safety guidelines, and know what to do when you approach a railroad crossing. There are many warning signs that both indicate a railroad crossing is coming up and to remind you to be safe as you approach. In some places there will be pavement markings, in white, that will indicate that you will enter a railroad crossing. There will be yellow, round signs posted...
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...choose the side where you are facing oncoming traffic. In North America, this is the left side of the road. This gives you the best chance to see traffic approaching closest to you and take evasive action when needed. • Cross Safely: Mom was right: look both ways before crossing any street. At controlled intersections, it is wise to cross only when you have the pedestrian crossing light, but even then, drivers and bikers may have a green light to turn and won't be expecting you to be in the crosswalk. Make eye contact with any drivers who may be turning. Give them a wave. Make sure they see you. In a car-walker interaction, you can only lose. • Walk Single File: Unless you are on a sidewalk separated from the road or a wide bike lane, you should walk in single file. This is especially important on a road with lots curves, where traffic has only a split second chance of seeing you before hitting you. While it can be enjoyable to walk down the road two to three abreast chatting merrily, drivers don't expect it and you may lose your best walking buddies. • Stay Aware of Bikes and Runners: Share the road and path with bikes and runners. Bike riders should alert you when approaching from behind with a bike bell or a "passing on the left/right." Listen for them, and move to walk single file, allowing them to pass safely. Runners should also call out for passing. Bike-walker collisions can result in broken bones or head injury for either — and you aren't wearing a helmet. • Be...
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...SAFETY BENEFITS OF ROUNDABOUTS Prepared for: Dr. Massoud Moradi, PE, AICP University of Central Florida TTE 5805, Geometric Design, Summer 2014 Prepared by: Kimberly Braunsdorf July 2014 TTE 5805: Geometric Design, Safety Benefits of Roundabouts Page 1 Table of Contents Section Page I. Introduction. .............................................................................................................................3 I.1 Roundabout Safety Description ........................................................................................3 II. Vehicular Safety.......................................................................................................................4 II.1 Single Lane Roundabouts................................................................................................4 II.2 Multilane Roundabouts ...................................................................................................7 III. Bike/Pedestrian Safety ...........................................................................................................10 III.1 Pedestrian Conflicts .....................................................................................................10 III.2 Bicycle Conflicts ..........................................................................................................12 IV. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................
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...in the agenda of the United States’ Congress. Mexico and United States shared about 2000 miles of fenced boarder including some of it as a vehicle barrier and pedestrian fence. Through this barrier many immigrants had put their lives in danger trying to achieve the American dream without measuring the risks of crossing illegally to the United States territory. This issue has been discuss many times by both countries where there are different opinions of the pros or cons with the enforcement of the immigration laws. Thousands of illegal immigrants try to cross the border fence every day. “…between 400,000 and 1 million undocumented migrants try to slip across...
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...was the pairing of the homologous chromosome and become closely associated during synapsis and the formation of the Synaptonemal complex. The third sub-stage is pachytene were the crossing over occur, forming chiasmata, which hold homologous chromosome together. In diplotene, the Synaptonemal complex start to disappear and in the last stage, diakinesis, the Synaptonemal complex is completely disappearing. In metaphase I, the pair of homologous chromosome aligns along the metaphase plate in double row. The formation of chiasmata before are to help keep the pairs together and position the pairs such that only one side of each homologue’s centromere faces outward toward of the cell’s poles. Thus kinetochore microtubules attach to only one side of each centromere; a kinetochore microtubules from one pole of the cell attaches to one homologue of the chromosome while a kinetochore microtubules from the other cell poles attaches to other homologue. In anaphase I, kinetochore microtubules shorten and homologous pairs are pulling apart. One duplicated homologue goes to the other poles. Sister chromatids do not separate. This is in contrast to mitosis, where duplicated homologues line up individually on the metaphase plate, kinetochore microtubules from opposite poles of the cell attach to opposite sides of one homologue’s centromere, and sister chromatids are pulled apart in anaphase. In telophase I, the separated homologues form a cluster at each poles of the cell, and the nuclear...
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...Many animals have died trying to get passed a highway or a road because people can not stop to let animals pass across to safety. Many places have tried to make animal crossings but not many have fully succeeded the way they thought it would turn out to be. There has been many problems with the crossings and the turtles just refusing to use them. Studies show that if we build better fencing then the tortoises and other animals would have a better chance at living and become less known to as roadkill. Many people and many places has tried different methods. Examples would be fencing around the sides of the road and underground crossing. Many projects have been experimented with and have been improved on to help wildlife. Studies show...
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...Basic Theory Test (Highway Code) Study Notes 8th Edition Version: 12.10.11 THE ONLY STUDY NOTES AVAILABLE IN SOFT-COPY 13-PAGE POCKET/PDA-FRIENDLY CONDENSATION OF THE OFFICIAL HANDBOOK “BASIC THEORY OF DRIVING - 8th EDITION” INCLUDES 10 MOCK TEST QUESTIONS For Mock Test Questions, Please Register At http://www.SingaporeTests.com SingaporeTests.com – Study Notes for Basic Theory Test NOT FOR RESALE Page 1 SECTION A - DRIVING LICENCES Age / Fitness to Drive - Min. 18 years old - Good vision - Free from any disease or physical inability which would impair driving capability e.g. epilepsy, mental disorder etc - Required to apply Provisional Driving Licence - Test knowledge on rules & regulations, traffic signs & signals - Validity does not expire - Valid for 6 months - Can be renewed for 6 months each time - L plate learner on driving circuit & public roads - Required before taking the practical driving test - Test knowledge on proper techniques & the safety aspects of driving - Have to re-take FTT if fail to pass driving test within 2 years - Valid for lifetime for Singapore Citizens & Permanent Residents - Valid for a period of 5 years for Foreigners Class 1: Motor vehicles (< 250kg when unladen) for the use by persons suffering from some physical defect or disability Class 2B: Motorcycles < 200cc Class 2A: Motorcycles between 201-400cc Class 2: Motorcycles exceeding 400cc Class 3: Motor cars not exceeding 3,000kg & carry not more than 7 passengers (excl...
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...Project Construction Mitigation and Reclamation Plan 2) Standard Mitigative Measures for Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Western Facilities 3) Western Area Power Administration Construction Standards - Standard 13 Final EIS Keystone Pipeline Project KEYSTONE PIPELINE PROJECT CONSTRUCTION MITIGATION AND RECLAMATION PLAN Prepared By April 4, 2006 Rev. 3 CONSTRUCTION MITIGATION AND RECLAMATION PLAN 1.0 2.0 INTRODUCTION GENERAL CONDITIONS 2.1 Training 2.2 Advance Notice of Access to Property Prior to Construction 2.3 Other Notifications 2.4 Damages to Private Property 2.5 Appearance of Worksite 2.6 Access 2.7 Above-Ground Facilities 2.8 Minimum Depth of Cover 2.9 Threatened and Endangered Species 2.10 Non-Hazardous Waste Disposal 2.11 Hazardous Wastes 2.12 Noise Control 2.13 Weed Control 2.14 Dust Control 2.15 Off Road Vehicle Control 2.16 Fire Prevention and Control 2.17 Road and Railroad Crossings 2.18 Adverse Weather SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTAINMENT 3.1 Spill Prevention 3.2 Contingency Plans 3.3 Equipment 3.4 Emergency Notification 3.5 Spill Containment and Countermeasures UPLANDS (AGRICULTURAL, FOREST, PASTURE, RANGE AND GRASS LANDS) 4.1 Interference with Irrigation Systems 4.2 Clearing 4.3 Topsoil Removal and Storage 4.4 Grading 4.5 Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control 4.5.1 General 4.5.2 Sediment Barriers 4.5.3 Trench Plugs 4.5.4 Temporary Slope Breakers (Water Bars) 4.5.5 Drainage Channels or Ditches 4.5.6 Temporary Mulching 4.5.7 Tackifier...
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...Training Program. A valid Traffic Controller’s Statement of Attainment indicating accreditation details must be carried at all times when operating as a Traffic Controller. Upon request, the Traffic Controller’s Statement of Attainment must be presented to any Police officer, WorkSafe officer, VicRoads officer, Municipal Council Authorised Officer or the person in-charge of a worksite or their delegate. 3 Contents Preamble Scope Training Traffic Controller’s Authority Traffic Controller’s Responsibilities Application Dress Stop/Slow Bat Control of Approach Speed The Law and the Traffic Controller Controlling Traffic Signs Locating the Traffic Controller Advance Signing on Curves/Crests Railway Crossings Behaviour and Attitude Safety Reduced Visibility Use of Radio Supervisor’s Responsibility Controlling Traffic at Night Response to Crashes at the Worksite Traffic Control in Emergency Situations Conclusion 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 9 9 10 11 15 17 23 23 26 26 28 28 29 30 31 31 32 Annexes 32 Road Safety Road Rules 2009 Summary of Traffic Controller Instructions Key Points Traffic Controller Restrictions Report by Traffic Controller 32 33 34 34 35 4 Preamble 1. Roads with worksites are particularly hazardous, in comparison to a road operating under normal conditions. Traffic controllers are used when signs and devices for works are considered insufficient to provide...
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