...network on which their society rested upon was that being criticized. •Dependency Theory: Students were sure that these two previous explanations were merely methods to blame the victims of abuse. They believed that Latin American economies stood in a dependent position relative to the world’s industrial powers. Therefore other nations took their overpowering stand, and forestalled Latin America’s industrialization. “Economic dependency” is why the nation did not follow the path it was supposed to follow. •Social Constructionism: The way race, gender, class, and national identities are “constructed” in people’s minds. Discuss Michel Rolph Trouillot’s theory of historical narratives •History understood as the distinction and overlap of the socio-historical process (“what happened”) and the narratives about it (“what is said to have happened”). •Three capacities people have within socio-historic processes: actors, agents, subjects a) Agents: or occupants of the structural positions. (b) as actors in constant interference without a context. (c) as subjects, thats is...
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...I found the reading very interesting. The narrative was very good in regards to the historical backdrop of bondage and bigotry under Spanish standard. Yes, it was a slave economy, as in the American south, and there was institutional bigotry. For one thing, Gate's perspective of prejudice is particularly that of an African-American, as you would anticipate. The bigotry in Cuba was far less unfriendly than that in the US. There was a greater amount of a nice and cordial social relationship than in this nation... with no Jim Crow laws seeing separate offices, for example, schools, eateries, open transport, and shorelines. In addition, games and diversion venues were coordinated well before Castro and the US. Likewise, Gates specifically and Americans...
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...L-Z will take the test in 1LIB 66 •Please bring a #2 pencil. Friday: students will go to their scheduled discussion sections and take the second part of the exam. Format: 3 mini-essay answer; 40-60 multiple-choice questions; 5-10 fill-in-the-blank questions; and 5-10 two-sentence answers. Short-essay answer: concisely answer the following questions. Be prepared to answer all of them. ACTUAL QUESTIONS FOR THE EXAM 1) Consider what you learned in lecture and from the readings by Rohter, Guimarães, Goldstein, Vaughan, and Stout. Discuss how people are racialized in Brazil and Cuba. Be sure to cover the following issues: a. What historical conditions explain the high level of inequality in these countries? Why are socio-economic conditions connected to race? (10 pts) b. Provide one concrete example from the readings that shows how constructions of race in Brazil and Cuba are similar, and one concrete example from the readings to show how they are different (10 pts) c. Discuss why identities are mediated and how media is used as part of the process of racialization (10 pts). Use one example provided in class to explain your argument (10 pts). 2) Considering the movie “Even the Rain” and from the readings by Barron, Thomson, Spronk, and Monasterios discuss the connections between extraction process, natural resources and social movements in Bolivia. a. Explain what the connections are between the extraction process, natural resources and social movements...
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...As previously stated his wife Laura is depicted as superficial like most Cuban bourgeois women at his time; hence, it did not work out between Sergio and Laura (Underdevelopment). Sergio failed in trying to educate both Laura and Elena (Underdevelopment). The film suggest that women in Cuba are underdeveloped intellectually and culturally, unlike the “mature” Hanna who is of European descent, since Laura and Elena are both Cubans of two different classes (Underdevelopment). Notably, Hanna the ideal European woman was portrayed to be very fair with fine, pale blonde hair while Sergio’s Cuban bourgeois class wife Laura had coarse hair streaked with blonde and the Cuban working class Elena is even darker than Sergio, comments on how class differences often match color...
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... 1. Definition ALBA defines itself as "the Latin American option that fights for the autodetermination and sovereignty of people of its regions", especially, against of what they define "all the imperialistic politics of United States of America". (Alianza Bolivariana para nuestros pueblos de America, 2004) In other words, it is an integration platform that focuses on solidarity, complementarity, justice and cooperation between countries of Latin America that want to achieve together the level of "integral development through its own alternative way, in the middle of the increasing formation of regional predominant blocks in the world". (ALBA, 2010). This aim was initially reached thanks to the efforts of two countries, Venezuela and Cuba, that in December 2004 joined to put into real words their intentions to create a southern cooperative alliance. That alliance should mainly oppose to the politics of the Free Trade Area of Americas, imposed ten years before by U.S....
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...Nikita Khrushchev. I will try to focus on the particular question, which is – why did the Soviet Union decide to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. I have chosen this question because it is the principle of the crisis. Looking on it from different points of view will secure the objectivity of the conclusions. First, I will analyze it with using the theory of Constructivism, then I will use the Game theory. Realism In realism, states are the principal actors in the international system, which is anarchic. States look on their own interests and they are rational unitary actors. Placing of the missiles in Cuba was in conflict of the Soviets behavior and their statements: The Soviets gave every indication of sensitivity both to American strategic interests and to the president's political needs. In their September 4 meeting, Ambassador Dobrynin called on Robert Kennedy to relay a confidential promise from Chairman Khrushchev that the Soviet Union would not create any trouble for the United States during the election campaign.(reading the lessons page 3)Moreover, a Soviet official in Washington used by Khrushchev as his personal courier to the White House, conveyed a message directly from Khrushchev and Foreign Minister Anastas Mikoian. They assured Kennedy that "no missile capable of reaching the United States would be placed in Cuba."(reading the lessons page 4) Why did Soviets act conversely? In...
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...people are proud of our tradition, culture and of course our music. Celia Cruz and Hector Lavoe two of the most influence artists of the Latin music of the all times. Their early lives in Puerto Rico and Cuba, famous life, tragedies as well the passion for the Salsa. Ursula Hilaria Celia Cruz Alfonso de la Santisima Trinidad (Celia Cruz), one of the most popular salsa artists of the 20th century, was born in Santos Suarez in Havana, Cuba. She was the second child of the marriage Cruz-Alfonso. Celia, like the other teenagers girls of Cuba, was very happy, when her father said that she had to be a teacher. But, one of her teacher offered her a spot in the National conservatory of Havana Cuba. After her studies, Celia stared a new career. She had to participate in many auditions to get in salsa orchestras in her country. Finally, she got the opportunity to get into the famous orchestra, La Sonora Matancera. Even, thought her participation in the orchestra was a success. Celia became a solo singer. Where, Celia was working hard to be popular in Latin America. She was married with Pedro Knight. Like Celia, Pedro always said that Celia was his love. They were a happy couple. But they had a kids. Celia Cruz was called the queen of the salsa as well La Guarachera de Cuba. She won many awards thought her artistic life. One of those was in 1990 when she won a Grammy award. Another important moment in Celia’s life was when the President of United States gave to Celia the National...
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...On a typical 18th century sugar plantation was divided into several sections each for their own different purpose. A portion was used for the cane fields, pastures, woodlands, provision grounds, work yards and living quarters for managers and labour. According to Claypole and Robottom, most plantations had from three to live cane fields each surrounded by a closely trimmed hedge or stone wall to keep out cattle. Each year one was generally left fallow another grows a second crop of rations and the others were planted with new canes. Each field was divided by narrow roads into smaller square plots of 6-9 hectares. This made it easier for the overseer to control the rate of the slave gangs’ work and to organize the movement of cut cane to the wok yard. [Caribbean Story Book 1 3rd Editionp.96]. “The sugar work yard consisted of the mill, boiling house, curing house, distillery, trash house and workshops for skilled craftsmen like black smith and carpenters”[A Study and Revision Guide for CXC Caribbean History p.35], stood in the middle of the cane fields. The factory buildings were closely positioned to prevent having to travel far distance from one place to another. Woodland was a very essential source on the plantation site. It hold many uses. According to Hamilton-Willie, The woodland provided lumber for building purposes, as well as fuel for the boilers, and for cooking. . [A study and Revision Guide for CXC Caribbean History p. 35]. Provision grounds...
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...Jamaican – Cuban Societies and Relations SOC 300 Introduction I have often wondered about the relationship of Jamaica and Cuba. Two island countries so close to one another with different ways of governing, how and why did Jamaica not chose the socialism route, in doing my research I found that Jamaica had come very close to doing just that. How would have Jamaica been affected if they did follow in Cuba’s footsteps? Their economy relies heavily on U.S. tourism. Was that a factor in their choice not to follow Castro’s ways? The ties that bind Cuba and Jamaica run deep, according to Brian Meeks, Professor of Social and Political Change at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. The interconnections stem from several episodes in their shared history, Meeks said in a recent lecture, as well as from past migrations of people between the two countries. His talk, “Cuba from Due South: An Anglo-Caribbean Perspective,” launched the Center for Latin American Studies’ (CLAS's) new thematic focus on Cuba. An academic, journalist, novelist, and poet, Meeks commenced the talk with a reading of self-penned poem, “Cuba One,” written during the height of Jamaican political turmoil in 1975. “In 1962 a blue//mountain peak showed//a green horizon//to the unsuspecting eye.//standing spyglassed//staring blindly,//thought I'd see a dull grey line//tinged with red and barbed around//the picture framing//captive portraits//hiding...
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...Hispanic American Diversity The Hispanic community presently comprises the fastest increasing ethnic group in the United States. According to information obtained from the United States Census Bureau “As of July 1, 2008 people of Hispanic origin comprise 15% of the nation’s total population” (Pearson Education, Inc. 2009). The Hispanic American population has surpassed African Americans as the major minority in America. According to an article on the website diversityinc “"Latino" and "Hispanic" are terms used in the United States to identify individuals whose ancestry comes from a variety of countries where Spanish is their main language” (Arroyo, 2010). Mexican Americans In the United States Mexican- Americans comprise the largest portion of the Hispanic community. Mexican Americans are mainly concentrated in the Southern areas of the United States, mainly Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada and, Texas(Pearson Education, Inc. 2009). One main reason people immigrate to the United States is to escape poor living conditions in search for better jobs and education. According to the website diversityinc “In the modern era, persistent poverty has been one of the abiding problems of the Mexican economy. The economy has few safety nets; there is no unemployment compensation and the poor do not receive welfare payments” (Arroyo, 2010). The primary language of Mexican Americans is Spanish. Most Mexican Americans are literate and able to communicate in English also. As...
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...Organization & Leadership - Assignment Fidel Castro is one of the most recognizable leaders in world history. He led Cuba as Prime Minister and, subsequently, as President for almost fifty years. He was born and raised upper-middle class as his father was a very successful farmer and did quite well for himself and his family. There were several key events that led to Castro’s rise as a powerful leader and shaped him into the man who successfully led the Cuban revolution. First of all, although he benefited from a decent education and was exposed to the upper echelon of society at times, he also played with and grew up around the children of the migrant workers of the farm. He maintains that this conservative upbringing helped him to stay grounded and to develop empathy for the working class. Consequently, Fidel rebelled against what he perceived to be classism. While in law school in Havana, he became intertwined with the student protest movement. The government of the time decided to crack down on student protesters and a lot of student leaders were being killed. Instead of fighting against the governmental regime, however, the student protesters began turning on one another and becoming involved in crime. Being surrounded by this, Fidel decided to focus on political goals where he became enthralled by anti-imperialism and the opposition of U.S. involvement in Cuban (and Caribbean) politics. Law school exposed Castro to several student leftist groups and...
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...countries were the Soviet Union and the United States. However the US did not become directly involved until the anti-American dictator Fidel Castro seized the vulnerable Cuba in 1959 declaring his commitment to the communist party. Cuba became a threat to the United States during their move to building a closer relationship with Russia. Eisenhower ordered the CIA to arm and train a force of Cubans who had been barred from their home country for an attack on Cuba. There was great tension between the US and the Soviet Union parties. He added five new Army divisions increasing the nations air power and military reserves. Sen. Kennedy and Vice President Richard Nixon both committed themselves to strengthen American military forces and promised a tough stance against the Soviet Union and other international communism. Kennedy blamed and criticized the Eisenhower admin for the permitting the development of a communist government in Cuba. It was feared that the plan would fail. President Kennedy addressed the American people informing them that America must be prepared to defend when talk wouldn’t work but only if force was used upon America. President Kennedy ordered an increase in the US’ intercontinental missile forces. In 1961, Kennedy gave the orders for the exiles to invade. The plan failed making Castro’s power in Cuba stronger. Castro requested Soviet Union military aid and at this time nuclear rockets were...
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...beautiful hotels, beaches, and cities. I did not see the blindfolds. I did not appreciate how being held hostage by the beauty of the surface—the beaches and cities—blinded me to the absence of Puerto Rican natives on the streets of San Juan; I did not understand how the prevalence and familiarity of English conspired to veil the beauty of the Spanish language beneath volumes of English translations. I learned more about these truths in my sophomore year of high school, when I was among a group of students selected to visit Cuba. My grandmother was born in Cuba, yet I had never thought to research my own heritage. I have remained the naïve American who saw Castro as some distant enemy of my country, accepting this as fact because this seemed to be the accepted wisdom. I soon became intrigued, however, with this supposed plague to my freedom, my culture, and everything good and decent. I began to think, just what is communism anyway? What’s so bad about Castro and Cuba—and I hear they have good coffee. I believed that what was missing was a lack of understanding between our two cultures, and that acceptance of our differences would come only with knowledge. My first...
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...United States. In CUBA, democracy is not relevant. They follow the communist regime and Cuban people have no say. More than four out of five of Cubans are dissatisfied with their country’s direction. US had major interest in CUBA, especially with the former leader 1953 and Batista was elected. US had major business interest such as owning and running sugar plantations, cigar factories, agricultural industries and refineries. Batista was intent on lining his pockets, Cuba did flourish economically during his regime before the revolution. 96% of the tobacco harvested in Cuba 75% of corn 72% of beans 64% of cacao 56% of Vegetables 48% of Tubers 70% of port It also produces a large volume of milk and other produce. Individual farmers provided nearly 50% of the food sold in the state farmers markets and they operated under the supply and demand method( Raisa) Since Castro’s revolution he banned any foreign countries that didn’t agree with his political views. Relations between the United States and Cuba deteriorated rapidly as the Cuban government redistributed land owned by the US. In reaction to the refused to refine petroleum of Royal Dutch Shell, Standard Oil and Texaco and used petroleum from the Soviet Union in Cuban in July 1960. The Eisenhower administration promoted a boycott of Cuba by oil companies, to which Cuba responded by nationalizing the refineries in August 1960. Both sides continued to escalate the dispute. Cuba...
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...Three days in Cuba for Pope Benedict XVI A three day papal visit is taking place in Cuba for the first time since 1998 when Pope John Paul II made a brief stay. While on the Communist island, Pope Benedict has photo ops taking place, as well as a Wednesday Mass in Havana’s Revolution Plaza to top off the visit to Cuba. Raul Castro, the Cuban ruler and younger brother of Fidel Castro, met with the pope for photos and private talks behind closed doors. The pope did not make any political statements regarding Cuba, but is praying for Cubans freedom and well-being, saying that “Cuba and the world need change” (“Pope extols Christ, not politics, at Cuba Mass”, 2012). Although the pope prays for Cuba to change their ways, a top government minister for Cuba made it clear that political reform is not in the nation’s future. In a Mass led by Miami’s Archbishop Thomas Wenski, the archbishop called on earlier hopes of Pope John Paul II for more freedoms on the Communist island (“Raul Castro receives pope in Havana; Wenski criticizes Marxism”, 2012). He urged worshippers to want a better Cuba, a Cuba that is free, a Cuba where people can have dignity without persecution. Many people got emotional listening to the sermon being given at Havana’s cathedral Tuesday morning. Nearly eight hundred Cuban-Americans made the trip from areas around Miami to see the pope and listen along with the world as the pope made his homily. For some of the followers, this was their first trip...
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