...The Global Consumer Since the Second World War the technological advancements in transportation and communication have brought about a revolution in people’s daily lives. While the origins of globalisation are often disputed, there is no denying that through the years our day to day activities increasingly link us to other people and activities throughout the rest of the world (Surman, 2009). There has been much debate on the effects of globalisation and what businesses and consumers facing them should do. This essay will outline and discuss elements of the paradigm shift of the last thirty years starting with the call for global standardisation and lowest cost orientation for the benefit of the consumer, as expressed by Levitt (1983) in his legendary article “The Globalisation of Markets”. We will then jump forward to the twenty-first century with global brands and glocalisation supported with the following articles: Holt et al (2004) “How Global Brands Compete”, Askegaard and Kjeldgaard’s (2006) “The Glocalisation of Youth Culture” and Surman’s (2009) “The Global Consumer”. Discourse around what companies operating on the global level should and shouldn’t do always ends up being centered on the consumer. What the consumer wants/needs, what they will buy and why they buy it, what implications does buying the product have for them. Levitt (1983) states that consumers are driven by the lowest price, though accounting for the importance of quality. Products are bought in the...
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...Geographic dispersion & cultural diversity As economic borders come down, cultural barriers will most likely go up and present new challenges and opportunities for business. As global restructuring takes place within the company, Koch leads a geographically dispersed project team (i.e. Germans and Chinese members ) to standardize its personnel selection methods in the APAC region for staffing 25 new middle management positions. The HR executive encounters problems when leading across cultural differences in work behaviors that arise within his multinational team. He fails to respect and understand his team members’ cultural diversity (Chinese behaviors and values), or bond his team together, which is essential to form such a team. Also, conflicting goals confront the HR executive: design a personnel selection system that is valid across different countries, yet adapted for each country taking into consideration the cultural diversity consisted of: country’s unique economic, educational, and cultural contexts. And this process is undoubtedly costly. Jollibee’s international expansion. Tony Kitchner was hired to build the global Jollibee brand. Although Kitchner hoped to leverage Jollibee’s competitive advantage by entering new geographic markets, his rapid expansion strategy was unfocused and poorly executed. Lack of considerations on cultural diversity, “Planting the flag” only showed that Jollibee knew how to repeat its success. Kitchner’s decision to “plant the...
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...This essay is aimed towards determining whether a relationship between cultural diversity and globalization is present or not, and if globalization does indeed pose a threat to cultural diversity. “The negative side to globalization is that it wipes out entire economic systems and in doing so wipes out the accompanying culture.” Peter L. Berger (American sociologist) Globalization is broken down into different categories, these being cultural, economical, political and technological globalization. It is due this process that barriers are broken down and interaction occurs between individuals of different races, nationalities and cultural back grounds. It is a movement towards an integrated global economy characterized by the free exchange of goods and capital. In popular discourse, Globalization is often related to the Internet revolution, free-market economies and the predominantly western political, economic and cultural lifestyle. This movement is supported by a large range of modern technologies. It is because of globalization that society believes that wealth and higher standards of living will strike developing nations. The above statement was supported by authors of the book, the effect of globalization on African countries: an over view of Nigeria. The two authors (C. R. Eze and J Nkwede) firmly believe that globalization is a strong enforcer of development and poverty reduction in Africa. Plenty agree with Eze and Nkwede as they have deemed the process as a positive...
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...Ted Baker is a Global clothing retailer, which was established by Ray Kelvin in Glasgow, Scotland 1988. At the start, Ted Baker sold men’s shirts. In the subsequent years, Ted Baker established itself as a global lifestyle brand that continued to develop and attain significant growth and development. Ted Baker has operations in Europe, Middle East, North America, and Australasia. Ted Baker has managed to gain a high geographical cover even in depressing economic periods. In 2014, Ted Baker had expanded into 35 countries and had expanded its range of products from a single product – men’s shirts – to womenwear, Lingerie and childrenwear among other offerings. This essay will critically evaluate the factors behind the rise and increasing globalisation of the Ted Baker retail brand. In its efforts to become a global firm, Ted Baker sought to expand its product offerings from men’s shirts specialisation to womenswear, accessories, sleepwear, and children wear (Holland, 2013). The product portfolio expansion is essential in improving the firm’s profitability as new customers are targeted across the firm’s markets. To depict the growth of the retail brand, the expansion is observed as an aspect of product development that involves selling new products to the existing markets (Lamb, Hair, and McDaniel, 2010). However, the product portfolio expansion is also supportive of a market development strategy and diversification strategy since Ted Baker further sought to sell its products (existing...
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...Bloodletting in South Sudan Ong The most effective way to look at the crisis in South Sudan is through the lens of neoliberalism. By addressing the ways in which growing global concerns for social justice interact with both education and the global economy, we can better understand the root of the conflict, and thus ways in which the Sudanese may be helped. It is imperative that global entities and institutions focus on educating peacemakers and policy makers about the underlying causes of the bloodletting in South Sudan. Such an education requires both moral lessons and technical training. A typical de-briefing on the situation would be insufficient, as it would focus solely on definite events and overlook the humanistic concerns and cultural values which could provide significant insight into the root of the conflict. The current situation in South Sudan is an illustration of how crucial such education is to our future. In the past, an increased focus on moral and humanitarian education has proven effective in hindering war—for example in the United States, white southerners initially sustained white civilization with a romantic and ethnocentric nationalism that celebrated aristocratic origins, social Darwinism, and slavery. Education and the promotion of liberal ideas were central to eventually shaping a democratic and more tolerant nation. Likewise, education is essential as it may allow the humanitarian parties in South Sudan and neighboring nations to shift their...
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...Israel Preface Israel is a country with a rich history and very prominent future ahead of them. The current on going political and territorial battles have not prevented the country to excel in their quest to build a strong economic infrastructure. Throughout all the turmoil in the country Israel has been able to establish a name for them in the global market. The way the world see Israel in the media is not the culture in which they live. This image that the media has placed on Israel put them at a disadvantage in gaining the attention of multinational corporations to do business in Israel. Though out the course of this paper we will explore the history, culture, geography, social, political, and economics aspects of the country. The growth and strides that Israel has made within the last 62 years of the formal existence proves that they are a contender to be a power player in the world. History The government recognition of Israel date back to the year 1948, but Israel through the Jewish faith existed long before this date. Many would say that Israel was their land through the biblical teaching according to the Torah. The Torah states that “ The Lord appeared to Abraham and said, To your offspring I will give this land. So he built an alter there to the Lord, who had appeared to him”. (Torah Genesis 12:7) The land in which Israel reside currently was occupied by the Palestine’s. This was the origin of many of the wars that take place in Israel past...
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...environment of the country ebbs and flows, the SC shows up accordingly. Born in 1971, BD is yet to define its SC. It has something to offer and many things to be derived from the others. From that perspective, this paper will first define the subj, then disc the SC of a small nation. Then the paper will try to accumulate the SC that BD demo so far and suggest some cultures to be articulated. Aim 3. The aim of this paper is to articulate the SC for Bangladesh. Definition of SC 4. SC has been defined in different ways. Colin S. Gray defined it as “… consists of the socially constructed and transmitted assumptions, habits of mind, traditions and preferred methods of operation—that is behavior—that are more or less specific to a particular geography based security community”[1]. In other words, it is the sum total of ideas, emotional responses, and patterns of behavior that members of a strat community have acquire and share with each other. 5. SC refers to thoughts, modes and actions based on the perception of national historic experiences. It incl the beliefs and assumptions that frame decisions in interstate...
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...Give a short summary of what the film was about. (NOT a review!) 4. What was the most interesting thing you learned through this film? Lemon Tree is a film set on the border between Palestine and Israel near the West Bank. The State of Israel is a parliamentary democracy with a modern economy. Israel occupied the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, and East Jerusalem as a result of the 1967 War. In accordance with negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians, the Palestinian Authority (PA) was established in the Gaza Strip and West Bank in 1994. Hamas, a U.S.-designated terrorist organization, took control of the Gaza Strip in June 2007 and exercises control there. The division of responsibilities and jurisdiction in the West Bank between Israel and the PA is complex and subject to change. PA security forces are responsible for keeping order in certain areas, and the PA exercises a range of civil functions in those areas of the West Bank. Official guidance on entry, customs requirements, arrests, and other matters in the West Bank and Gaza is subject to change without prior notice or may not be available. (http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1064.html) The total area of the State of Israel is 8,630 sq. miles, of which 8,367 sq. miles is land area. Israel is 290 miles in length and about 85 miles across at the widest point. The country is bordered by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the southwest and the Mediterranean...
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...them on the floor of the sea. In Exodus 15, the Romans were on the sea surface. It really all boils down to who could tell the bigger tale, like a proverbial fish story, it gets bigger as you tell it. Was it really a “sea of reeds” that was separated or the Red Sea? 6. How did the biblical writers make use of ancient Near Eastern mythology in their accounts of the Exodus? During the Bronze age, many of the worlds larger groups were going through a shift of power from older gods to younger gods. Babylon, Greek myth, Ugaritic myth, and Israel all have examples. Yahweh is compared to the storm gods Baal, Marduk, and Tiamat. Chapter 7 2. How does the suzerainty treaty provide a useful model for understanding biblical traditions about covenant and covenant making? A suzerainty treaty is when one party, the suzerainty, is superior to the other. The evidence points to biblical writers using this to elaborate the covenant between God and Israel. The Israelites are the only group in the Near East to describe their relationship to a deity in a contract or treaty. Chapter 8 2. What are the different types of laws found in the book of Exodus? What subjects do they deal with? Covenant code, Ritual Decalogue, Holiness code and Deuteronomic code. True of all these codes, they deal with an assortment of topics, and...
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...GEO 210 – CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY – 40H “People & the Land: Introduction to Cultural Geography” TNCC – FALL 2012 Instructor: Larry Snider – Phone: (757) 850-4912 E-mail: sniderl@tncc.edu (school); Skimmerva@aol.com (home) Office Hours: 4:30-5:30 p.m. M (Rm 947 Templin Hall), 6-7 p.m. T (Rm 131A Diggs Hall), 5:00-5:30 p.m. W (Rm 947 Templin Hall) and by appointment INTRODUCTION COURSE DESCRIPTION: (from VCCS Master Course file): Focuses on the relationship between culture and geography. Presents a survey of modern demographics, landscape modification, material and non-material culture, language, race and ethnicity, religion, politics, and economic activities. Introduces the student to types and uses of maps. COURSE CONTENT: Cultural geography entails the study of spatial variations among cultural groups and the spatial functioning of society. The course provides an introduction to the manner in which humans have modified the world, emphasizing patterns of migration, livelihoods of man, and environments in which these modifications have taken place and continue to occur. It focuses on describing and analyzing the ways population, religion, language, ethnicity and race, political factors, economy, agriculture, industry, the urban setting, and other cultural phenomena vary or remain constant from one place to another. The framework of geographic location of significant countries, regions, and physical features is also addressed in order to provide the necessary...
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...OBST 590 - Old Testament Introduction Book Summary II Ancient Near Eastern Thought and The Old Testament By Walton ___________________ Submitted to Dr. Ashraf Basilious 27 February 2013 CONTENTS iNTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER I REVIEW 2 chapter ii review 4 CHAPTER III REVIEW 6 CHAPTER IV REVIEW 7 CHAPTER V REVIEW 9 CHAPTER VI REVIEW 11 CHAPTER VII REVIEW 13 CHAPTER VIII REVIEW 15 CHAPTER IX REVIEW 17 CHAPTER X REVIEW 18 CHAPTER XI REVIEW 20 CHAPTER XII REVIEW 22 CHAPTER XIII REVIEW 23 CHAPTER XIV REVIEW 24 CONCLUSION 26 Introduction The “Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament”, by Walton covers many issues which an individual unless wanting to seek more than what is written in the bible would want to perform endless days of research and ability to see firsthand by reading Walton’s book. These areas covered in Walton’s book cover the time from when the Old Testament had begun to be written back in BC and later re-found along with other textual artifacts earth in the 18 and mid 19th century AD. The discoveries of both biblical, and other un-biblical artifacts is covered within Walton’s book to how and why some individuals who have a different form of religious beliefs. To how in the past the individual living during early Near Eastern thought processes had been in regards to God or in many cases when not Israeli or Christian involved gods which were based off an...
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...Global citizenship encompasses social, cultural, political and economic change. Being a global citizen means taking a more socially conscious view of the world by focussing on events beyond our borders. For instance how consumerism in our country may be satiated by slave labour in another country or why universal human rights should not be the privilege of citizens in first world democracies, but that of everyone around the globe. None of this is more apparent in the case of the Nigerian political activist Ken Saro-Wiwa, who fought against the exploitation of the Ogoni people by the Nigerian government. The authorities were selling away tribal land rights to oil companies like the Dutch owned Shell, which in turn was trying to keep up with America’s oil demands. Saro-Wiwa was later...
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...Key to notes listed a = also approved for Analyzing the Natural World b = also approved for Understanding the Individual and Society c = also approved for Understanding the Past d = also approved for Understanding the Creative Arts e = also approved for Exploring World Cultures f = also approved for Understanding U.S. Society g = Indicated courses specifically designed for those majoring in areas other than science and mathematics h = LAS nonlaboratory courses Anthropology (ANTH) | 102 | Introduction to Archaeology | 4 hourscg | 105 | Human Evolution | 4 hourscg | 218 | Anthropology of Children and Childhood | 3 hoursbh | 238 | Biology of Women Same as GWS 238 | 3 hoursgh | | | | Biological Sciences (BIOS) | 100 | Biology of Cells and Organisms | 5 hours | 101 | Biology of Populations and Communities | 5 hours | 104 | Life Evolving | 5 hoursg | | | | Chemistry (CHEM) | 100 | Chemistry and Life | 5 hoursg | 112 | General College Chemistry I | 5 hours | 114 | General College Chemistry II | 5 hours | 116 | Honors General Chemistry I | 5 hours | 118 | Honors General Chemistry II | 5 hours | 130 | Survey of Organic and Biochemistry | 5 hours | | | | Computer Science (CS) | 100 | Discovering Computer Science | 3 hoursh | | | | Earth and Environmental Sciences (EAES) | 101 | Global Environmental Change | 4 hours | 111 | Earth, Energy, and the Environment | 4 hours | 200 | Field Work in Missouri | 2 hours...
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...location of the modern village of Silwan. In the days of the Second Temple for the start of a new month, a religious ceremony is held on the Mount of Olives. After the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans in 70 AD, the Jewish festival of Sukkot celebrated on the Mount of Olives. After the Arab-Israeli War held in 1948, parts agreed on "free access to the holy sites and cultural institutions and use of the cemetery on the Mount of Olives". However, while Non-Israeli Christian people could visit the Mount, non-Jewish Israeli citizens could not enter neither into Jordan nor to the Mount of Olives. In 1949, some Arab residents destroyed estimated 38,000 tombstones. Also, to have parking lots and filling station, graves were also demolished. After 1967 Six-Day War and the Israeli occupation of East Jerusalem, the Israeli government re-opened the cemetery for burials and began to resonate the area. Since 2010, the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives has been vandalized and mourners have been assaulted by some Arabs. Even the grave of Menachem Begin who was an Israeli politician and 6th Prime Minister of Israel was...
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...Heineken: Cultural Issues of a Global Organization As the top beer selling company on a global scale, Heineken Inc. has persevered successfully across 70 countries of cultural differences in its 145-year history in the international industry. Marketing alcoholic beverages across many countries comes with language barriers, translation issues, cultural acceptance issues, and possible resultant misunderstandings by stakeholders. What may be accepted and understood as a socially responsible marketing message in the American market can be an insult to African or Middle East markets. A socially acceptable Swiss image of a girl in a bikini holding a bottle of beer can cause significant cultural rejection in conservative markets, such as Israel. Furthermore, target marketing varies from country to country because of age legality and local customs. As Heineken continues to dominate one of the most competitive industries in the world, they must also continue to consider, address, and positively influence multiple consumer cultures across their global market to maintain standing as a competitive international organization in their industry. When advertising to a global market, Heineken must understand the language and cultural acceptance of alcoholic beverages within each country. In more conservative Arabian countries, such as Egypt, beer is still considered to be sinful by many locals but is slowly gaining acceptance partially because it is relatively low priced (Euromonitor International...
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