...6th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies Using PEST Analysis as a Tool for Refining and Focusing Contexts for Information Systems Research Guo Chao Alex Peng, Miguel Baptista Nunes Department of Information Studies, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK lip05gcp@sheffield.ac.uk, j.m.nunes@sheffield.ac.uk Abstract It is common for inexperienced researchers and research students to aim at investigating very wide contexts such as countries (e.g. China, India, UK), regions (e.g. the Arab Countries) or even continents (e.g. Africa). Such studies in Information Systems (IS) are not only unrealistic and potentially unfeasible, but may result in findings that are neither significant nor meaningful. Research supervisors often face difficulties in explaining and resolving these common pitfalls in research proposals. This paper proposes the use of Political, Economic, Social and Technological (PEST, also often referred to as STEP) analysis as a tool to identify narrower contexts and focus research questions around feasible and meaningful regional contexts. It illustrates this process with the results of an analysis carried out as part of an ongoing PhD research project. The project aims to investigate the barriers and risks associated with the post-implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in Chinese companies. PEST analysis was used to define an appropriate region in China (i.e. Guangdong), as well...
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...Theory Michael Jakobsen ©Copyright is held by the author or authors of each Discussion Paper. Copenhagen Discussion Papers cannot be republished, reprinted, or reproduced in any format without the permission of the paper's author or authors. Note: The views expressed in each paper are those of the author or authors of the paper. They do not represent the views of the Asia Research Centre or Copenhagen Business School. Editor of the Copenhagen Discussion Papers: Associate Professor Michael Jacobsen Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School Porcelænshaven 24 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark Tel.: (+45) 3815 3396 Email: mj.int@cbs.dk www.cbs.dk/arc International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen Associate Professor Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School mj.int@cbs.dk Abstract The aim of this article is to take a critical look at how to perceive informal institutions within institutional theory. Douglas North in his early works on institutional theory divided the national institutional framework into two main categories, formal and informal institution or constraints as he called them. The formal constraints consisted of political rules, judicial decisions and economic contracts, whereas informal constraints consisted of socially sanctioned norms of behaviour, which are embedded in culture and value systems. As formal constraints are straight forward to deal with the informal...
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...Coffee market in china Insert name Institution affiliation Abstract This research paper aims to explore coffee market in China. It will focus on finding the quantitative analysis, consumption patterns, and development of the market relations to that of average income. It will utilize data of both urban and rural areas because of the distinct consumption patterns, show the development analysis and potential markets through supply constrain approach and regression analysis. Coffee in china is more of a habit. People drink it to feel good and not out of necessity. Coffee culture in China appeals to the adventurous, young, affluent, urban consumers in cities like Guangzhou, Beijing, and Shanghai. The paper will look at the consumption patterns and its demand that looks more of a successful lifestyle and culture of the western people. Out from the traditional tea- drinking country, China seems to become one of the largest coffee consumption countries in future (Bantiwalu & Demisse, 2010). Keywords: Coffee market, Quantitative analysis, Coffee consumption patterns, Average income, Regression analysis, Chinese potential market for coffee Introduction Coffee has enormous economic, social, and environmental importance in China. Most especially the Ethiopian coffee grows demand to the Chinese potential markets. Ethiopia continues to produce quality coffee reaching to international markets, like China. People around the world, drink up to a total of 7.4 billion cups of...
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...FIN 535 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 1 MNC ENTERS CHINA To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/fin-535-week-8-assignment-1-mnc-enters-china/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM FIN 535 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 1 MNC ENTERS CHINA FIN 535 Week 8 Assignment 1 - MNC Enters China Select one (1) MNC that does not currently do business in China. Next, consider the steps that the company should consider in determining the feasibility of entering the Chinese market and establishing a market for its products or services there. In addition to your own research, use the following links to conduct a country risk assessment (CRA) on China: Bureau of Economic Analysis: www.bea.gov Transparency International Corruptions Perceptions Index:http://www.transparency.org/cpi2013/results Ranking of Economies-World Bank:http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings IMF Home Page:http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm Country Risk Classification-OECD:http://www.oecd.org/tad/xcred/crc.htm World Trade Organization Home Page:http://www.wto.org/ “Industry Analysis: Recreation” article:http://www.valueline.com/Stocks/Industries/Industry_Analysis__Recreation.aspx Focus on the following areas: corruption, political stability, exchange rate stability, regulatory oversight, freedom of the press, and rule of law. Research other factors that you believe you should evaluate. Additionally, consider the importance of culture in evaluating risk. Then, go to the Hofstede Center’s Country...
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...home” . . . ! ! ! Ping Lin ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (2007 *! Men in Double Marginality--- Chinese Diaspora “at home” Ping Lin Abstract This paper uses data gathered from research project partially sponsored by Oriel College in Oxford and Academia Sinica in Taiwan to explore the adaptation of Mainlander Taiwanese in China. They moved from China to Taiwan in 1949 and back “home” with their descendents in 1990s. By examine the life of seventeen respondents in Dongguan/Shanghai in 2004-2005, we argue that they were in sense of double marginality despite the diversity of the sample. Whilst foreigners regarded China as a new territory to explore more economic benefits, these returnees were more likely to regarded China as a place with sense of belonging, not sense of colonising. However, they found that the real China was different from what they expected before return. They felt being excluded from Taiwan, but they also felt unwilling to participate in China due to this home disillusion. Further discussion on the adaptation of other type Taiwanese in China will be displayed in separated papers. Keyword: return migration, Taiwan, China! 1. Introduction Whilst most migration research focuses on why people move from poorer countries to richer countries and how they overcome the widely cultural gap in migration, there is little research stressing on migration either on the opposite direction or between countries with cultural proximity. The phenomenon of Taiwanese people in China1...
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...have selected for research is counterfeiting. Many of us know that counterfeiting is a growing problem throughout the world. Most countries have some trade in counterfeit goods, but some have become notorious for producing and exporting large quantities of fake goods. One of the largest is China. China is the world’s largest producer of counterfeit goods, and has the largest market for counterfeit goods. Counterfeiters employ between 3 million and 5 million people in China alone. Does this mean it is acceptable in behavior in Chinese culture for counterfeiting? What are the impact and cost to the China and the rest of the world? And what are the Chinese government and other countries doing to fight back against counterfeiting. These are all question I’m going to address throughout my research paper. Why is counterfeiting so wide spread throughout China? Counterfeiting is a problem with various causes. One reason is China’s traditional culture that has deep roots in the Chinese mind. With a relatively short history of intellectual property laws and an unbalanced enforcement system, has allowed the growing spread of counterfeiting. China has a population of more than 1.3 billion people, which is that largest in the world; it has 56 different nationalities with a highly diversified culture; and a history that dates back to 2100 BC with four different eras. Chinese culture does not allow for a monopoly. The culture that has dominated China for thousands...
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...I have selected for research is counterfeiting. Many of us know that counterfeiting is a growing problem throughout the world. Most countries have some trade in counterfeit goods, but some have become notorious for producing and exporting large quantities of fake goods. One of the largest is China. China is the world’s largest producer of counterfeit goods, and has the largest market for counterfeit goods. Counterfeiters employ between 3 million and 5 million people in China alone. Does this mean it is acceptable in behavior in Chinese culture for counterfeiting? What are the impact and cost to the China and the rest of the world? And what are the Chinese government and other countries doing to fight back against counterfeiting. These are all question I’m going to address throughout my research paper. Why is counterfeiting so wide spread throughout China? Counterfeiting is a problem with various causes. One reason is China’s traditional culture that has deep roots in the Chinese mind. With a relatively short history of intellectual property laws and an unbalanced enforcement system, has allowed the growing spread of counterfeiting. China has a population of more than 1.3 billion people, which is that largest in the world; it has 56 different nationalities with a highly diversified culture; and a history that dates back to 2100 BC with four different eras. Chinese culture does not allow for a monopoly. The culture that has dominated China for thousands of years...
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...communication is very important in today’s world. In order to be able to communicate effectively, one must be aware of, understand and appreciate another culture. Cultural difference is the biggest barrier in doing business in the world market. Hofstede (1993) believes that the spread of business onto the global stage brings the issue of national and regional differences to the forefront. Hofstede measures culture in five dimensions and teaches that cooperation across cultures is essential to human survival. These five dimensions are Power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance , and long term orientation. In this paper, I plan to present some similarities as well as some differences in the culture of the United States of America and China based on Hofstede’s dimensions. The United States of America is frequently investigated in cross cultural research due to its economic power and because of its cultural representativeness. China as the largest market, and possibly the most appealing market in Asia, is entering into global collaboration with a wide range of foreign partners. There are only two dimensions were the two countries are even close to being similar and they are masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. A masculine society is driven by success and achievement. A company with masculine culture operates assertively and competitively. If the country is ranked lower on this scale they are referred to as a feminine society which means that caring for...
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...Since china is seeing a rapid economic development in the past few decades, we have also heard about the environmental and other issues related to the development of the country. Since I came to china for study, I got the opportunity to learn more about the success of china’s economic development as well as the negative externalities of the development and also the problem related to higher population. I have also learned about Chinese culture, language, the interesting dynasties (kingdoms) and the Chinese people’s way of life. However, the most interesting thing I learned about china was contribution from ancient Chinese science and technological inventions to the world. Since there are a lot of ancient Chinese inventions, in this essay I would like to give information about some of the very interesting and useful ten ancient Chinese inventions that I believe we cannot imagine without them today. 1. Toilet Paper Toilet paper was one of the very important Chinese inventions that we cannot imagine living our life without. Toilet paper was used in China for the first time in history during 6th century AD. In 589 AD a famous scholar Yan Zhitui wrote about the use of toilet paper and the word spread throughout China and toilet paper became popular in China. 2. Ice Cream Ice cream, our favourite treat is another surprising invention in ancient China. It became a new invention 3000 years ago when rich Chinese families started to treat their guests to sweet juices mixed with snow...
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...Guang* and Dan Trotter Shantou University, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, Southern China. Accepted 8 March, 2012 Cultural factors have long been known to influence the communication and success potential of competition. Cultural awareness shapes how business firms behave in cross-culturally reflected international markets. It is broadly recognized that cultural factors act as invisible barriers in international business communications. Understanding cultural differences is one of the most significant skills for firms to develop in order to have a competitive advantage in international business. This paper probes some key elements of cross-cultural issues in international business communication and provides a framework for creating competitive advantage for firms engaged in international business. Culture affects many aspects of international business communication. It impacts free trade policies, localization and standardization strategy decisions, advertising, brand effectiveness, business relationships, international business management, international marketing, international negotiation, and consumer behavior. Seven themes are suggested as guidelines for further research: Cultural impacts of markets, international versus domestic business communication, standardization versus adaptation in cross-cultural communication; cross-cultural dimensions of business communication research, cross-cultural aspects of the business communication mix (advertising, promotion, sales...
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...A Sino-U.S. Comparison of Work-Family Conflict and Its Implications to American Managers A SINO-U.S. COMPARISON OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT 2 Abstract In this qualitative study, work-family conflict in China and the United States is compared and contrasted based on national culture, traditions, norms, and living standards. The analysis results in a proposition that Chinese employees will experience less work-family conflict when faced with the same work and family demand as their American counterparts, because of differences in their work and family priority, perception of work-family relationship, national culture, conflict handling style, social support, work-family communication, and economic pressure. The implications to American managers are discussed. A SINO-U.S. COMPARISON OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT 3 A Sino-U.S. Comparison of Work-Family Conflict and Its Implications to American Managers Work-family conflict has been a concern of many researchers (Carlson & Kacmar, 2000; Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985). Studies showed that work-family conflict had negative impact on employees, their families, and organizations (Beutell & Witting-Berman, 1999; Burke, 1988; Frone & Cooper, 1992; Goff, Mount, & Jamison, 1990; Martins, Eddleston, & Veiga, 2002). Recent changes in demographic characteristics of the U.S. work force have resulted in greater work-family conflict. Examples of these demographic changes include the...
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...Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management Emerald Article: Chinese HRM in action: an interview with Wayne Chen of Hay Group China Boyi Wang Article information: To cite this document: Boyi Wang, (2011),"Chinese HRM in action: an interview with Wayne Chen of Hay Group China", Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management, Vol. 2 Iss: 1 pp. 61 - 68 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20408001111148739 Downloaded on: 04-05-2012 References: This document contains references to 2 other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 1212 times. Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Additional help for authors is available for Emerald subscribers. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com With over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business, society, public policy and education. In total, Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series, as well as an extensive range of online products and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 3 and TRANSFER compliant...
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...www.sciedu.ca/ijfr International Journal of Financial Research Vol. 3, No. 3; July 2012 The Strategic Transformation of Automobile Industry in China Som Techakanjanakit School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China Tel: 86-186-7239-9237 E-mail: som7125@hotmail.com Meifang Huang (Corresponding author) School of Economics, Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China Tel: 86-186-7239-9537 Received: May 28, 2012 doi:10.5430/ijfr.v3n3p8 Abstract In the past few years, the global automobile industry is developing difficultly because of the influence from the financial crisis. In contrast, China's automobile production and sales are still having a blowout type growth, and jumped into the world's largest automobile production and sales market. At the same time, Chinese automobile companies continue to deepen and join with international brand cooperation; independent research and development of the independent brand production, and their technical also get greatly strengthened. Similarly, in the tide of industrial upgrading and international acquisitions, strategic transformation era of Chinese automobile industry has gradually started. This paper based on the world economic crisis brought both challenge and opportunity to the automobile industry in China, comprehensively analysis China's automobile industry development present situation and development trend...
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...ISSN 1798-4769 Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 77-80, January 2010 © 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/jltr.1.1.77-80 Brief Study on Domestication and Foreignization in Translation Wenfen Yang School of Foreign Languages, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China Email: wfyoung@163.com Abstract T his essay gives a brief study of Domestication and Foreignization and the disputes over these two basic translation strategies which provide both linguistic and cultural guidance. Domestication designates the type of translation in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers; while foreignization means a target text is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original. In the contemporary international translation field, E ugene Nida is regarded as the representative of those who favour domesticating translation, whereas the Italian scholar L aw rence Venuti is regarded to be the spokesman for those who favour foreignizing translation, who has also led the debate to a white-hot state. Index Terms domestication, foreignization, translation strategies I. OVERVIEW OF DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION Domestication and foreignization are two basic translation strategies which provide both linguistic and cultural guidance. They are termed by American translation theorist...
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...Research Proposal (Ⅰ) Proposed Title (Ⅱ) Introduction (Ⅲ) Brief Literature Review ·Political, Economic and EMJOS ·Cross-cultural and EMJOS ·Gender and EMJOS (Ⅳ)Methodology ·Pilot and Measurement ·Questionnaires ·Individual Interviews ·Comparative Analysis ·Statistic Analysis (Ⅴ)Proposal Research Time-Table (Ⅵ)References (Ⅶ)Appendix (Ⅰ) Proposed Title The Discussion of Education Migration in Metropolises—Based on Japanese Overseas Students (Ⅱ) Introduction The problem of Education Migration has been becoming an international tendency globally in recent years, especially the Japanese Overseas Students (JOS), particularly in metropolises (this research includes three metropolises: Tianjin, Shanghai and Hong Kong). According to current official statistics, the number of Japanese Overseas Students with a bachelor’s degree at above studying in Tianjin (TJ) accounted for 1,906, 1,681, and 1,971 respectively in 2010, 2011, and 2012, dramatically doubling that of a decade ago. As a result of the above situations, I could not help coming up with the questions like why they are primarily female students and what education migration of Japanese Overseas Students (EMJOS) could bring to the political, economic and cross-cultural aspects of TJ society as well as what attitude we should harbour towards this trend (Appendix 1). I will compare EMJOS with two other metropolises in order to make...
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