...* Society * Culture * Diversity: Monoculturalism, Multiculturalism Cultural diversity and harmony in society Cultural diversity and Conflicts in society Impact of cultural diversity on social institutions of society References Part 2 Cultural diversity and harmony in society. The word "diverse" refers to Variety and the Cultural Diversity is a variety of human societies or cultures present in a specific area. Understanding different cultures is very crucial for us as community builders. Regardless of what part of the world we reside in we have to work and build relationships with people of various cultural backgrounds. Cultural diversity is acknowledging, accepting, celebrating and valuing the numerous ways that people live and interact in the world .Basic culture of other societies cannot be ignored. Groundwork of this acceptance is that every culture and race has made a significant input to history When we read the word "Harmony" a question that most of us ask ourselves is . What actually is harmony? According to Professor David de Kretser "The word harmony brings to my mind a sense of happiness, as one might get by listening to a piece of music that blends notes to yield a pleasant, comfortable feeling without any harsh note that "jars" one's body." Harmony is directly related to peace, peace can only be attained if societies learn to accept the diversities present in the society While going through various cultures it is important...
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...Native American Culture Have you ever wonder how the world was created from another culture’s perspective? Native Americans used creation myths to explained to their people how the world was developed overtime. Creation myths are a big part of the Native American culture. they have been passed down from generation to generation. In the creation myths, harmony with nature, rituals, and strong social values are shown in each myths. The purpose of having strong social value in these myths is to teach younger Native Americans valuable lesson if they ever do something bad. These myths reveals how the rituals were created and their intentions for doing it. Creation myths has harmony with nature in it to show a very close kinship between them and nature. Native American explained how the world began with their myths. Various works of literature reveal the Native American tradition and beliefs of rituals, strong social value, and harmony with nature. Rituals plays an important role in Native American Culture. In the short story, “The Man to Send Rain Clouds”, the Laguna ritual was shown when Leon did the funeral rites on Teofilo. For example, “ Leon ties feathers to Teofilo’s hair, paint his face, and sprinkle holy water on his grave” (50). This quote is important because it is part of the Native American’s tradition that was past down from generation to generation, and the purpose of doing this funeral rites is to make him be part of nature. Another example of Native American ritual...
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...Vol. 3, No. 7 International Journal of Business and Management A Study on the Trans-Culture Management of International Hotel in China Chunwei Li Hotel Management, TUC-FIU Cooperative School, Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134, China E-mail: chunweifiu@yahoo.com Abstract Along with the integration process of global economy, cultural conflicts gains more and more attentions. After China’s entry to WTO, China economy is involved in world economy further. More and more international companies enter China. However, they encounter with an overall cultural impact. Trans-culture conflicts have already become a problem for international groups. Teams with different cultural beliefs challenge the effectiveness of traditional management theories. Differences between Chinese culture and western culture affect international groups’ management significantly. Trans-culture management gains attentions from international groups more and more. Therefore, it is meaningful to research this issue. This paper selects the international hotel industry in China as a subject to study the trans-culture conflict phenomenon with the hope of achieving effective trans-culture management. Keywords: International hotel group, Trans-culture management 1. Analyze the effect of culture from different levels of international hotel group 1.1 Founders Many companies have their “heroes”. Wilkins defines these people as “living or passing, real or virtual men who are models of behaviors in companies...
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...Strengths and Weaknesses of Islamic, Confucian/Asian, and American Civilizations In “Children of Dust” by Ali Eteraz and “Confucius Live Next Door” by T.R. Reid I explore the strengths and weaknesses of Confucian/Asian, Islamic, and American civilizations. In “Children of Dust” the author, Ali Eteraz (Abir ul Islam), tells the story of his youth and his attempt to navigate through the world as a traditional Muslim. According to Abir’s mother, his father made a mannat (covenant) with Allah “that if his first child was a boy, he would be raised to become a leader and servant of Islam (Eteraz 5).” The story of his birth and father’s promise filled him with a deep reverence for Allah, so he decided to devote his life to God. “I noticed that many worshippers had calluses on their foreheads and ankles from a lifetime of prostration and sitting on folded feet. Those were marks of piety that I wanted to develop as well. Thus, instead of praying on the carpet inside, I took to praying in the courtyard of the mosque, on straw matting that was hot and rough. During prostration I rubbed my forehead on the mat until it became raw (Eteraz 41).” At a very young age Abir was very devoted to his faith. He trained himself to pray faithfully every day. He paid special attention to every detail that went into prayer in order to prove his devotion. It is common among individuals of the Islamic faith to spend their life proving their devotion to Allah. Muslims are known for maintaining...
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...it is. Continuing to improve a picture of personality psychology and a better understanding on why individuals act the way they do. According to the U.S Census (2002) one out of every four individuals who live in the United States has lived in another country before moving to the United States and has internalized more than one culture. One theoretical position that is currently being used by researchers in personality psychology is cultural blendedness. Cultural blendedness captures the degree of overlap vs. dissociation or compartmentalization perceived between the two cultural identities of orientation (Huynh, Nguyen & Binet-Martínez, 2011). Binet-Martínez and Haritatos (2005) examination of the demographic, contextual and personality correlates of BII showed that...
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...the research. This way valuable initiatives that MNCs could offer for its potential and current employees should be linked with this three factors, so work achievement, broader range of work responsibilities and career development support from managers should be some of initiatives that managers in China should have with their employees. Besides that, according to Ke Fan, “It is important that MNCs take into account traditional Chinese values, local culture, local market competition and management practices to design a mix of solutions that will ensure talented employees to stay and to work productively” It is known that Chinese culture appreciate the environmental harmony, this way another alternative is provide organized and harmonic places for its workers. 2. Discuss how the Chinese culture differs from that of the United States. What types of leadership styles/behaviors might be appropriate when leading Chinese employees (2-3 paragraphs) There is a couple of differences between Chines culture and United States culture. For example according to the website “china-nafsa.aief-usa.org” Chinese are more collectivist, while Americans are more individualist; the social relationships in china are...
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...differences in the cultures of America and Japan and how these differences have affected the way decisions are made. Making Decisions with the Japanese Ringi Technique Imagine living in a culture where your peers are considered part of your group and you strive to benefit the group as a whole and conflict is avoided as it would disrupt the harmony of your group. For many Americans this may sound impossible. For instance, how would anything be accomplished, how would decisions be made, and most of all how would this benefit us individually? There are several cultures that do strive to avoid conflict. In this paper I will discuss Japan’s treatment of conflict and decision making through its use of a technique known as ringiseido. As many of us know, Americans are not afraid of conflict, some of us may be uncomfortable with it but in general we feel that it is unavoidable. In fact, “conflict is seen as inevitable, and the ideal way to view conflict is as an opportunity to promote communication, stimulate ideas, increase understanding, and to bring about positive and creative change” (Asia University America Program, 2011). Overall, American’s feel that the best way to deal with conflict is to be direct and to bring it out into the open, by doing this there will be a chance to develop better ideas and solutions to problems. This trend in conflict management is carried over into corporate America. American companies are not concerned with maintaining harmony by...
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...Society. A company can very easily “make it” or “break it” if not sensitive to the culture and etiquette in their marketing strategies. The Japanese Culture is ancient and full of traditions that make up why someone of this descent may act or carry themselves in a certain way. This would also affect the decisions an individual makes regarding product selection. A commercial that is attractive to an American housewife may not be attractive to a Japanese housewife. A few of the differences in American and Japanese culture are importance of hierarchy, group harmony, using certain numbers in advertising and language barriers. Cross Cultural Issues Hierarchy is highly respected in Japan personally and professionally, yet in America hierarchy exists but is not held to as high of standards or tradition. This is so engrained in the Japanese Culture that children even refer to their senior and junior classmates with specific names. Personally this hierarchy is based on age, the eldest would be seated at a place of honor at the dinner table and be the first person to start eating. The significance placed on hierarchy can cause issues in a marketing campaign if the Americanized campaign was not respectful of this hierarchal tradition. Example would be rebelliousness or lack of respect for authority being portrayed in a commercial would be considered disrespectful within the Japanese Culture and thus putting a negative view on the product being advertised(Japan – Language…...
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...Cultural Views on Health Every cultures view on health is varied by different variables. Such as religion, economy, superstition, tradition, science, and logic this list continues on. This type of variables is what forms a cultures conceptions and opinions on health. Although, some of these attributes may not make since to everyone these attributes can either make care giving easier, or harder. Like many other cultures the Hispanic culture has their views on health. Although many Hispanics live in the United States their views on health often reflect their traditions and their ancestry. Hispanic’s generally see health as being and looking well. This could include being able to rest, being happy, and being able to perform ones duties (Rhode Island Department of Health, 2009). The Hispanic culture believes that emotions have strong ties to health. They avoid extreme emotions such as sadness, rage, and depression. These types of emotions are believed to be strongly linked to health. This belief falls in line with the concept of health as harmony. Striving to have a positive outlook on life and develop harmony with oneself and the surroundings. This type of thinking supports a healthy mental status which encourages a healthy physical status. When observing a person which is sick with a negative attitude towards a sickness or life will typically take longer to recover. There is something about a positive outlook that encourages the...
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...* Indonesia is a secular country in the sense that its political policies are not necessarily derived from religious teachings and that it does not have a single state religion. * Religion: play a very important role in Indonesian society. Indonesian nationals are obliged to adhere to one of the religions that have been selected by the government (Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism), while atheism is not an option. Political decentralization: Brought more power to the regional governments and this development implied that regional decision-making has been more affected by the regional religious context. Muslim areas: implemented policies like regional banning of pork business or the obligation for women to ware the headscarf. President: Non-Muslim and also on 2001 Megawati Soekarnoputri became the first female Indonesian president in 2001, only a small minority rejected her based on certain Islamic doctrine that women cannot take leading positions. The Indonesian political system consists of three branches: • Executive branch: consists of the president, the vice president and the cabinet. ( Public vote elections) • Legislative branch: is the People’s Consultative Assembly. It has the power to set or change the Constitution and appoints (or impeaches) the president. • Judicial branch: Indonesia's judiciary system is the independent Supreme Court. It is the final court of appeal and also deals with disputes between lower...
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...KFC’s and McDonald’s Intercultural Managements Natasha Martin American InterContinental University Abstract In this paper I have chosen the differences in cultures with United States of America and China. In the Western civilization, business is often about the fundamentals when dealing with the idea of marketing. These are usually six different fundamentals such as, strategy for sound marketing, research for professional marketing, development for a world-class product, prices’ that are effective, motivation for promotion, and distribution that is appropriate. With a focus on the basic, makes for a successful outcome in competitive marketing. Even so, when business collides with Western (America) and China, differences in culture can become a problem. This becomes an issue that is more than just fundamentals. For a worldwide view, factors have to be considered in order to be successful. This factor would be culture. Cultural views and expectations are crucial in business. Westerner marketers have to come with the knowledge of awareness to the background of the culture, and in which the world they live in. This is the ability that can affect business ethics. USA and China have different ethical behaviors in the way they conduct business. The USA foundation of ethics is based on the origins of Puritan’s. They tend to be based on a foundation of traditional Judeo-Christian and Western socio theological laws and principles (Iseberg, S. 1999). This...
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...PO BOX: 119 Salalah P.C: 211 Sultanate of Oman Tel: +968-98932578 Email: saulatali@gmail.com Abstract The last quarter of a century has witnessed rapid development of the intercultural field. These days, intercultural dialogue is not only a regional or national necessity but it is crucially global. Human being is social creature who needs dialogue; so wisdom of human is the wisdom of dialogue. Tourism industry is one of the accomplishments of cultural dialogue which not only is a kind of industry but also it is a science, art and knowledge. The primary objective of this research revolves around impact of cultural tourism on intercultural communication. Have our own cultures, discussed with other cultures; and among these discussions and interactions we can complete and revise our culture and exchange it with others. Cultural tourism paves the way for intercultural dialogue. Intercultural dialogue should be enhanced to improve intercultural acceptance. Tourism extends our knowledge and information in two ways: better understanding of ourselves and others. Keywords: Globalization; Intercultural Communication; Cultural Tourism; Cultural Dialogue; Oman 1. Introduction: For the past decade or so, events such as September 11 terrorist attacks, Bali bombings, London bomb attacks, shooting and bombing in Norway, emergent of ISIS, raising death tool in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan have shocked people in the world. Since these terrorist attacks, people started...
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...purple stars which represents harmony and the states and territories. Last but not least the British colours of the union jack in the background. The idea of this flag was to bring together countries from far away and close and harmonize as one. Even though some people are against aboriginal people…... I put their flag smack bang in the middle of my flag because they are a big important part of Australia's history. They belong on Australia's flag because they were the first people to ever step foot onto Australia's land and that step changed the world forever. I believe the indigenous people should be on the flag, they should get a chance to be shown in the Australians history and you should be proud and stand up for what's right by helping the Aboriginal people. Many other people will disagree with my decision to include the Indigenous, but you need to stand out and be the people to make a difference in the world and help me change the flag. My second element that's represented on my flag are the 7 purple stars. The colour of the stars is purple because purple represents harmony and Australia needs to be with harmony with the Aboriginals and the other countries and states. We need to give a Australia a chance to stop being racist and to stop fighting with other countries and just become one big happy nation. Australia supports harmony day which happens once a year, so why don't we support it every day. That’s why if we represent harmony on our flag people should value...
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...Religious diversity has enriched Australian culture and brought Australia together as a community through it’s learning about other cultures, celebrating other cultural events or being part a religious organisation. Religion is important to many people whether they are Christian, Buddhist, Muslim, Hindu, or another religion. Religion becomes part of their daily life though practices and traditions. All these religions have different beliefs and practices that are focused around one God or multiple Gods/Goddesses. In the 2011 Census, Christians represented 61% of the population. Non-Christians represented about 8% of the population while about 31% of the population stated they had no religion or did not state their religion. Aboriginal Australians...
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...History of Japan & Understanding the Communication System. Culture is “more often a source of conflict than of synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster” (ITIM International, 2003). Communication across culture is not an easy assignment for an international manager to learn within a short period of time especially it is an ongoing learning process. Communication is “a process of shared meaning by transmitting messages through media such as word, behavior, or material artifacts” (Deresky, 2008). Language discrepancies are an obvious factor. Likewise important are people skill as well as understanding and adapting to the social and working etiquette’s of the foreign country. Japan is one of the most well known for its culture in the world. For an international manager to work there, it is important they will have to understand and identify the Japanese communication system because Japanese communication is ambiguous. This is to eliminate any communication noise. Past history is believed to shape the culture of the country and the people identity. Japan has evolved in many era from the early Jōmon period till to the current Heisei period, their culture had also evolved. However the “most important principle will be the wa, the peace and harmony” (Deresky, 2008). Japanese tend to work as a family unit similar to working in the organization. One clear example is the rice cultivating “which they highly need cooperation from their village and...
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