...Australia is home to increase religious diversity and religious variety. Its current religious landscape is shaped through the dramatic effect of immigration, the movements to and from religions or denominations, the exploration of new religious movements and the acknowledgement of no religion. These many reasons have created an increase and decrease of many religious traditions, as well as ethnic and cultural diversity in Australia. Post war immigration is directly linked to the emergence of Australia’s new wave of migration. This helped greatly in reshaping Australia’s religious connections with many religions and denominations in terms of ethnic diversity. Many religions existed elsewhere in the world but only appeared in Australia as migration and refugee patterns changed. When Indigenous Australians were counted in Census forms in 1960, a vast majority were Christian whilst some still had a desire to integrate Aboriginal spirituality and customs into Christian expression. Migrants whom entered after World War 1 were simply those who chose to assimilate and not change the British-European culture. This was because the ‘White Australia Policy’ was in place and it was racially prejudice, religiously intolerant and only accepted whites. However, by World War 2 Australia had to ‘Populate or Perish’, thus they were desperate to increase population for national security reasons and economic growth. This ultimately led to a huge population increase, as Australia accepted over 3...
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...negotiation and compromise (Manley 1983). Indeed, when examining the progressive debate concerning the legal recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia, the perception that power is bartered through interest groups becomes highly plausible through the lens of classical pluralist theory. There are competing visions of diversity in Australia, and behind the main positions; supportive, neutral, and opposing, there are a multitude of perspectives underlying these umbrella groupings. For some in the community, the concept of gay and lesbian marriage is controversial, and its complexities raise fundamental social, religious, moral and political questions. In analyzing how power has operated in this situation, I will apply classical pluralism to converse sides of the moral argument to reveal how Australian attitudes have changed over time in a progressively consensual political environment. For this issue, the strengths of pluralism lie in its empirical nature; it is an observable and comprehensive view of understanding how power operates in society, with regard to a multitude of perspectives and interest groups. However, further analysis will reveal that while there are many voices in the debate concerning marriage equality, they are not created equally. A form of ‘elite pluralism’ prevails that refutes classical pluralist ideals of diversity. Interestingly, a weakness of classical pluralism is that its end game ultimately fails; the discussion of polarizing topics can lead people to...
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...Australia is a land that has unique history which was shaped by cultural diversity of inhabitants. Major events that played a crucial role in the creation of Australian culture include diversity of indigneous population, the British colonization and the immigrations from numerous diverse cultures. “Australia can be described as a vibrant and multicultural nation, being home to the world’s cultures and inhabitants who can identify with more than 270 ancestries. From the year 1945, the number of people who have migrated to Australia from different parts of the globe are approximately seven million. The country considers the rich cultural diversity as its main strength which embodies its national identity.” (TAFE-International) Thic paper will...
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...Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document Student’s Name Institution Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document In Catholic schools, religious education is the first area of learning. Religious education enables children and the youth to justify, explain and understand Christian message and teachings as they are taught by the Catholic Church (Carswell, 2001). Religious education is taught to all those who follow and believe in Christ in the world. Through learning, students are taught research, guided on how to study and overall learn how Christians should live (Ryan, 2003). These students also get to know the distinctive vision of the Catholic Church. The Catholic curriculum systematically directs students and enhances them to reflect critically on the meaning of being a Catholic (Carswell, 2001). In Australia, Religious Education Curriculum is imperative, and a must learn program for all years of schooling. This Program, which is denoted as K-12 contains what is to be covered in the Religious curriculum (Ryan, 2003). Time allocations are prescribed to this curriculum about the age of the learners. This program is part of the learning experience and is mandated by Australian Bishops. Its primary objective is to raising religious knowledge and awareness. In Australia, Religious Education is an extremely acclaimed feature of the Australian Catholic schools through...
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...Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document Student’s Name Institution Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document In Catholic schools, religious education is the first area of learning. Religious education enables children and the youth to justify, explain and understand Christian message and teachings as they are taught by the Catholic Church (Carswell, 2001). Religious education is taught to all those who follow and believe in Christ in the world. Through learning, students are taught research, guided on how to study and overall learn how Christians should live (Ryan, 2003). These students also get to know the distinctive vision of the Catholic Church. The Catholic curriculum systematically directs students and enhances them to reflect critically on the meaning of being a Catholic (Carswell, 2001). In Australia, Religious Education Curriculum is imperative, and a must learn program for all years of schooling. This Program, which is denoted as K-12 contains what is to be covered in the Religious curriculum (Ryan, 2003). Time allocations are prescribed to this curriculum about the age of the learners. This program is part of the learning experience and is mandated by Australian Bishops. Its primary objective is to raising religious knowledge and awareness. In Australia, Religious Education is an extremely acclaimed feature of the Australian Catholic schools through...
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...Multiculturalism in Australia Student’s Name University Multiculturalism in Australia Multiculturalism is a political agenda aimed at maintenance of religious, ethical, and cultural diversity in the society. In the most cases, multiculturalism is associated with Australia (Nagle, 2009). More and more immigrants arrive in Australia. The Australian government takes measures according to the control of the immigration process. However, not all measures aimed at the control of the immigration process are executed fully. Nowadays, almost 23 million people live in Australia; density of the population is about 3 persons per 1 sq. km. Ethnic composition of the Australian population consists of Europeans (mostly Englishmen and Irishmen), which make almost 95 per cent, Asians (including expatriates form Middle East) – 4 per cent, and original residents and residents from Torres Strait – almost 1 per cent (Lowe, 2012). Two-fifths of the modern Australian population consists of immigrants of the first or second generations. The process of immigration is followed by the dramatic changes of the ethnic-demographic structure of the Australian society. Before the Second World War, only expatriates from the Anglo-Saxon cultural space immigrated in Australia, however, after 1945 the situation had changed. The first dramatic immigration wave came from Eastern Europe and Scandinavia; the second wave came from South Europe (in most cases from Italia...
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...Puride, 2004). Today, it has grown to be a global phenomenon with 34,000 restaurants in over 118 countries (McDonald’s Australia, 2014). Through this expansion, McDonald’s has faced the challenge of transferring a symbol of American culture to places where there are significant national, cultural and religious differences. This essay will analyse some management issues that McDonald’s has experienced. Firstly, the strategic debate regarding global integration versus national responsiveness will be examined. Associated with this issue, is the matter of diversity across different regions. Finally, the essay will consider McDonald’s corporate image of social responsibility in relation to environmental sustainability and increasing problems of worldwide obesity. McDonald’s as we know it today is a result of Ray Kroc taking the entrepreneurial hamburger ‘stall’ established by the McDonald brothers, and franchising the business with Ted Turner to create an international organisation (McDonald’s Australia, 2014). In the 1950s there was significant domestic growth in the United States of America. International expansion began in the late 1960s and 1970s, initially targeting Canada, the United Kingdom and western European countries of Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden (Stonehouse, et al, 2004). The first restaurant opened in Australia in 1971 (McDonald’s Australia, 2014). In 2001, McDonald’s was one of the top 10 brands and the leading food retailer serving 46 million customers per...
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...religion and language. These variables affect cultural dimensions. Which in turn affect an individual’s motivation and expectations in the work place. The predominant religion in Indonesia is Islam, while Australia is considered to be Mixed Christian and New Zealand Roman Catholic (Deresky 2014). Companies operating in Muslim countries or that have a large Muslim workforce are expected to make provisions for pray time and religious commitments such as Ramadan. In Australia and New Zealand Christianity employees typically have a number of day off during religious holidays, and the respect for people not wanting to work on Sundays (Deresky 2014). The official language in Indonesia is Bahasa Indonesia (Riza 2008), and in Australia and it is English (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011) The GLOBE project investigates how cultural variables are related to organizational practices. GLOBE dimension scores of Australia and Indonesia are as follows. Assertiveness: Australia 4.28 Indonesia 3.86 Future orientation: Australia 4.09 Indonesia 3.86 Performance orientation: Australia 4.36 Indonesia 4.41 Humane orientation over Australia 4.28 Indonesia 4.69 (Ashkanasy & Roberts 2000; Irawanto 2009) Ashkanasy, NM & Roberts, ET 2000, 'Leadership attributes and cultural values in Australia and New Zealand compared', International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, vol. 2, no. 37-45. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011, Census of Population and Housing Australian Government, ,...
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...1. Introduction Multiculturalism refers to communities containing various attitudes and behaviour that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization. According to (Immigration and Multiculturalism, n.d.), Australia is a country of migrants, originally from United Kingdom, which more than the path of two hundred years, displaced an original inhabitant and founded a liberal-democratic state. In the early days, Australians were disturbed by the subject of 'ethnicity'. For over fifty years, part of Australia ‘cultural issue' has been solved by implementing a rule of elimination. Australia changes their approach and at last discarded it in the late 1960s to enlarge its people after World War 2. From this environment, acceptance of a 'cultural diversity' guiding principle in 1970s was a past removal of the preceding procedure. Within the fundamental nature, cultural diversity not only evidenced and showed the growing multiculturalism of the country but as well as to hold and form it. Therefore, definition of “Multiculturalism promotes the integration of ethnic acceptance and respect for cultural diversity, community harmony and inclusion.” is true. Skilled labour is any worker who has acquired certain skill in their job or may have attended a college or technical school. An example of a skilled labour job is carpenters. Unskilled worker is a worker who has not acquired special skill or proficiency. If there is a shortage of migrant skills, the...
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...Expressing Nationalism: The Canadian Way By: Zainab Haque Nationalism is a feeling of pride and patriotism for one's country, cultural group, or religion. This is expressed through the clothes we wear, the languages we speak, and the food we eat. In a country as large and widespread as Canada, it can be hard to put everyone’s sense of what it means to be “Canadian” under one umbrella. Canadians express nationalism through their multiculturalism and diversity, kindness and compassion, and their freedom of religion and free speech which connects everyone. In Canada it is celebrated to be different, people with unique ideologies, various ethnicities, and religious backgrounds are widely accepted. Consequently, Canada has the highest proportion...
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...Explain the linkages between the business case and moral case for diversity in organisations. Support your key arguments by sourcing ‘diversity statements disseminated/ publicised by Australian organisations to justify their claims for managing diversity. Diversity itself remains an unclear concept. It is contextually specific and linked to demographic and socio-political features of the population and the workforce. Diversity is a selective concept in that some, but not all physical characteristics are incorporated into Managing Diversity programs (Moore 1999). Diversity also has invisible and hidden aspects that include culture and attitudes (Moore 1999). Managing Diversity programs in general mimic or reflect legislative programs that prohibit discrimination and encourage Equal Employment Opportunities within the workplace, and hence many Managing Diversity programs support such groups as women, ethnic minorities, older workers and people with a disability. There is a tension between diversity as a factor that generates forms of exclusion and inferior material outcomes in the labour market, and diversity as a factor that can be harnessed towards improving organisational performance. While diversity is embedded in worker difference and notions of equality and justice, the broader equity goals linked to Managing Diversity are not necessarily the terms by which Managing Diversity programs are assessed within the organisation. The Moral case has often been expressed in terms...
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...has been shaped by two disparate ideologies, the initial white Australia policy, and the current policy of multiculturalism. The white Australia policy comprised legislation designed to safeguard Australia as a nation reserved for white residents, whereas multiculturalism is a process that constructively integrates cultural diversity into the national identity. This essay argues that the white Australia policy has had a significant impact on Australian culture and continues to overshadow the success of multiculturalism. First, this essay explains the motivations and legislations that established the white Australia policy, and the subsequent effects on early Australian society. Next, it discusses the discarding of the white Australia policy and the implementation of multiculturalism. Finally, this essay assesses the impact of the white Australia policy on contemporary Australian culture. During the late 1800s there was public and political discussion as to Australia’s future as a white nation (Bulletin 1886). This was prompted by the frequent racial tension and sporadic violence between white settlers and Chinese immigrants. The 1901 parliamentary debates concerning immigration show that although a belief in white racial supremacy was predominant, commercial concerns and fears of invasion were also involved. For example, some members extolled the superiority of a ‘snow-white’ Australia (Commonwealth of Australia 1901 pp. 4626, 4648, 4666). Whereas, other members protested that...
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...the land with the most extensive practise of religion and customs, what we know as the Dreaming. (Edwards, 1998) The role and function of the Dreaming is to teach the Aboriginal people about the norms and mores of the sacred laws. Also known as customary law, these guidelines are an integral part of the Aboriginal culture as it maintains societal normalities. (ALRC, 1986) The Dreaming is a philosophy that binds every aspect of life together, it assists in knowing the past, present and future, and how to make conscious decisions to ensure the world continues triumphantly. According to Korff (2015) white man cannot comprehend the depth of the Dreaming, as it is more an analogy for providing identity and spiritualism to individuals. The diversity within the various communities explains how in-depth the spirituality is and how important this religion is to each Aboriginal person. Each tribe has their own definition and reason behind the Dreaming. The Ngarinyan kin refer to it as ‘Ungud’; the Pitjantatjar know the dreaming as ‘Tjukurpa’, and Yolngu as ‘Wongar’. (Edwards, 1998) The Bundjalung community believe the Dreaming is personal and calls their totem (place of which his spirit came), ‘his Dreaming’. (Peters, M.E, 2016) The Dreaming provides guidelines for each society; resources, survival skills and gender responsibilities. Hence, the Dreaming...
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...resources and contacts listed are intended as a starting point for further learning. WHO ARE CALD STUDENTS? Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) students are not international students – they are citizens or permanent residents of Australia. Some are voluntary migrants, while others have entered Australia on a Humanitarian Visa after being a refugee. CALD students come from many countries and represent many cultures and languages. The University of Tasmania currently has significant numbers of students enrolled who come from Chile, China, Korea, Iraq, India, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Sudan, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iran, Burma, Bhutan, Nepal, Zimbabwe as well as small numbers of students from other countries. These students bring with them a vast array of life experiences and useful perspectives on the world around us. Many have fled violent civil wars, religious or political persecution or natural disasters like famine and drought. Many have experienced the worst that human nature can offer, yet bring enthusiasm and optimism to their study and the life of the University. WHO ARE HUMANITARIAN ENTRANT STUDENTS? Humanitarian entrant students are people who have resettled in Australia after being a refugee. They enter Australia as permanent residents and can only access the services available to the general student population. A...
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...Prime Minister Kevin Rudd says he wants "Australia to become the most Asia-literate country in the Western world". He has committed to a vision that the people of Australia have the knowledge, skills, values and understanding they need to fulfill themselves, to live in and contribute effectively to a global society and to work in a global economy. Australian students in the future will require skills, knowledge and understanding related to the Asian region in order to meet the challenges and opportunities of living and working in the twenty-first century. What implication does this vision have for secondary schools in Australia? As stated by Kathe Kirby, Executive Director of the Asia Education Foundation, ‘If Asia literacy is to be achieved for every young Australian by 2020 it is clear that we need to scale up action in our schools'. To scale up action in all Australian schools and for students to be ‘Asia-literate’ will require a comprehensive, educational study of world religions. Religion in Asia, more so than in Australia, infiltrates the daily practices and lifestyle of citizens, those citizens that Australian students will be doing business with, traveling alongside of or maybe playing sport against. The scenarios are endless. The vision of Kevin Rudd aligns with the mission and vision of any State, Catholic or Independent school in that it be a community whose main objective is the transmission of values for living, a provider of a quality education for students...
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