...THE GROWTH EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL LIBERALISATION PROGRAMME IN EGYPT: DEVELOPMENTS AND DRAWBACKS (Key Words: financial liberalisation, economic growth, Egypt) DR. Ayman M. Ebrahim Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration Helwan University Ein Helwan , Cairo E-mail: ahendy@ksu.edu.sa hendyayman@hotmail.com ABSTRACT The paper begins with a review of theory and recent empirical evidence relating to financial liberalisation and economic development. Among the countries that underwent financial liberalisation programmes in the 1990s, Egypt appears to have performed well. Although the internal and external shock to the economy and the associated drawbacks in the financial liberalisation programme, over the past decade, which brought the experience of financial liberalisation, the Egyptian economic performance improved. Its aggregate growth rate was positive and macroeconomic variables moved in a favourable direction in accordance with the predictions of the financial liberalisation paradigm. The econometric test specification follows the nonlinear least-squares estimations methodology to test the co-movement of the underlying variables. INTRODUCTION The financial liberalisation paradigm encourages nominal interest rate liberalisation, the reduction or abolition of reserve requirements, the elimination of inflationary finance, the removal of other forms of taxation on...
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...*Executive summary* Sanofi Aventis one of the multinational pharmaceutical successful companies all over the world, where it's aim to gain their shareholders' satisfaction and care about their customer's healthcare, and to reach their vision they become so aware about the external environment and analyzing their internal strengths and weakness in way to create best strategy. For creating the best strategy, Sanofi Aventis should first clarify their corporate strategy, where they are going for concentrating on some market and at the same time they will diversification their production process by open a new market in face of new customers to increase their profit and market share. In this case, they will need to know their business strategy, where they will need a growth process at some markets, and stability on another. That’s was the main strategies for Sanofi Aventis, but let's talk a little about their HRD and how they conduct and select their highly effective employees, where Sanofi Aventis aimed to make their priority for their employees, and seek their satisfaction and understand their needs, in favor to reach the win-win level. And that's make us notice how the behavior of Sanofi Aventis are going inside the company, where it's mainly use the supportive strategy within their managers and their employees, and that's created a trusted atmosphere, and that's leads us to their culture, as being a supportive they are also believing on team work and no solo power...
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...Five Elements of an Industry Analysis 1. Name and describe the industry Our project will be operating in online travel industry, to be more specific Middle East online travel industry. Generally, Online commerce and online travel in the Middle East is still in the early stages of development, but the region's travel industry is growing fast with insight into the unique dynamics influencing travel growth in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the rest of the Middle East. Business and economic analysts believe that the Middle East is quite a large market and it is not that difficult to break. Moreover, people are wide open to transacting online commerce and enjoy saving time. Thus, to bring new ideas and establish innovative services are not something that should be avoided. Dynamics differ across the region's individual countries, where technology and e-commerce adoption vary widely. So, It's time to take a wide look at the Middle Eastern online travel market and where it stands today. 2. Describe the regulatory, political, and legal issues in this industry Online travel industry is driven by a mass of factors, some of which might seem to have nothing to do with travel and tourism. The travel industry must respond to global events, financial considerations, the changing demographics and tastes of the traveling public and the available sources of funding to create timely and effective industry. Global Politics and Issues: are important...
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... III) Alternative Ways to Deal With the Ethical Dilemma(s) IV) Possible Consequences and Implications of Alternative Solutions V) Ethical Theories That Are Applicable to This Case VI) Key Questions for Case Study When writing this case report, you are encouraged to gather as much relevant information as possible from various online and offline data sources. However, all the information used in your case analysis must be properly cited in the main body of your report, including the author name(s) and publishing date/year, if available, and the detailed citations must be included in the References section. Your case report will be graded on the following criteria: 1) Proper application of ethical theories 2) Quality of writing (readability, originality, grammatical correctness, etc.) 3) Breadth of information utilized (at least 20 different articles or books need be cited and actually used in writing this case) 4) Demonstrated critical thinking skills 5) Robust logical reasoning 6) Comprehensive data analysis (i.e. taking into account all relevant facts and information in a systematic manner) 7) Interesting and important questions posed for the readers All sources of information must be cited in the paper. Detailed citations must be placed in the References section at the end. Both the electronic copy and hard copy of your case report must be submitted by midnight of Friday in Week 17. Background Information...
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...Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………….....1 Analysis of the Financial Crisis and Emerging Markets………………………….1 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………..8 List of Tables and Figures…………………………………………………….......9 References……………………………………………………………………......10 Introduction In the last years we all heard about financial crisis, economic crisis or even strong words like recession or depression. The goal of this paper is to define these terms and to analyze the effects that they produce in the economy. Another objective is to understand the emerging markets and compare then with developed economies. The effects of the crisis are different from country to country but also have some similarities at a global level. I. Analysis of the Financial Crisis and Emerging Markets The term financial crisis is used when financial institutions or assets suddenly lose a large part of their value. This can result in a loss of paper wealth and not as a change in the real economy, unless a recession or depression follows which is the case here. So we can say that the recession is the result of the financial crisis that started in U.S in 2008 from the burst of housing bubble and the subprime lending. There are more types of financial crises: banking crises (bank runs – when depositors withdraw their money suddenly. This type of behavior can result in bankruptcy), speculative bubbles and crashes (when...
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...Orbex — Kuwait Office CHIEF MARKET STRATEGIST, 9/2013 TILL PRESENT. Key responsibilities: • Maintain an in-depth understanding and knowledge of our followed economies (G10 – BRICS), related market outlook, and analyzing the market using technical and fundamental analysis approaches. • Conduct intense researches and making forecast on market developments, broader economical trends, and monetary policies for central banks. • Analyzing financial information relating to specific financial assets (Forex & Money Markets, Bonds, indices, commodities, and derivatives instruments), using specialist media sources and the specialized platforms (Reuters Eikon & Bloomberg Professional). • Keeping up to date with market developments and all other areas that can affect the markets, e.g. movements in the economies of followed countries. • Writing research reports and trading strategies to be sent to clients. • Making presentations and recommendations. • Perform training session (In-house and online) for clients to practice trading strategies and ideas. • Regularly invited to express my opinion about recent market development on Major channels (such as: CNBC Arabia) , to find more about my track record please check my Twitter account @mzidan112 . CAVEO BROKREAGE CO. — Kuwait CHIEF FINANCIAL MARKET STRATEGIST, 1/2012 TILL 8/2013. Key responsibilities: • Maintain an in-depth understanding and knowledge of our trading approach and market outlook...
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...CENTRAL BANK OF EGYPT ECONOMIC REVIEW Vol. 51 No. 1 2010/2011 Research, Development and Publishing Sector The Economic Review is issued by the Research, Development and Publishing Sector at the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) on a quarterly basis. It aims to make available to a broad readership of specialists and nonspecialists a wide range of information on the performance of the Egyptian economy during the reporting period. The CBE posts the Review on its website: www.cbe.org.eg. Contents Page Main Monetary and Financial Indicators The Leading Article - Output Gap and Its Determinants: The Experience of Egypt ………………………………………… 1- Macroeconomic Performance 1/1 1/2 1/3 1/4 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)……………………………... Employment and Unemployment……………………………. Inflation……………………………………………………… Tourism………………………………………………………. 21 27 28 33 1 2- Monetary and Banking Developments 2/1 2/1/12/1/22/1/32/1/42/1/52/2 2/2/12/2/22/2/32/2/42/2/52/2/6Monetary and Banking Policy and Monetary Aggregates…… Monetary Policy……………………………………………... Reserve Money (M0)………………………………………… Domestic Liquidity (M2) and Counterpart Assets…………... Payment Systems and Information Technology (IT)………... RTGS and SWIFT Local Services…………………………… Banking and Credit Developments…………………………... Banking Reform……………………………………………... Supervision Sector…………………………………………… Overview of Banks' Aggregate Financial Position………….. Interbank Transactions in Egypt……………………………... Deposits……………………………………………………… Lending Activity……………………………………………...
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...following four operating (geographic) segments: Greece and Western Europe, North America, South East Europe, and Eastern Mediterranean. It operates primarily in Greece, the Balkans, Egypt and the United States. Its subsidiaries include among other, Aeolian Maritime Company, Fintitan SRL, Aemos Cement Ltd, Titan Cement U.K. Ltd, Metro Redi-Mix LLC, Cement Plus Ltd and Cementara Kosjeric AD. TITAN covers the production of cement, concrete, aggregates, mortars and other building materials; transportation - distribution of products; processing and industrial utilization of fly ash. Today, with an annual production capacity of 11 million tons and more than 5,500 employees worldwide, Titan Cement Group is the leading cement producer in Greece. Titan is also the largest producer of ready-mix concrete in Greece and is the largest quarry operator in the country. TITAN’s business success and reputation are based on the application of the best available technologies (BAT), for production procedures and distribution methods, on systematic research and constantly upgraded know-how, and on its high-quality human resources. Throughout its history TITAN aimed to combine operational excellence with respect for people, society and the environment. PART A - COMPANY PROFILE Currency: EURO (€) | |FY 2011 |FY 2010 |% CHANGE | | ...
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...Current Challenges Distinguishing Characteristics of Egypt’s Economy Water Resources and Growing Population Pressure Oil and Natural Gas Geographical Location Egyptian Culture Higher Education Socialism and Its Aftermath Egypt’s Comparative Advantage in the Global Economy Changing Global Economy Egypt’s Economy in Relation to Three Waves of Globalization Revealed Competitive Advantage Analysis v vi viii xi xiv xvi 1 5 5 5 7 8 10 12 13 14 14 16 16 16 17 18 19 19 22 25 II 3. Trade Policy and the International Trade Regime Current Trade Regime in Egypt Tariff Structure Non-tariff Barriers to Trade Multilateral, Regional, and Bilateral Agreements Multilateral Agreements Regional Agreements Bilateral Agreements Trade Regimes of Major Trading Partners Economic Impacts of Trade Agreements Anticipated Economic Effects of Trade Agreements Developing Country Trade Agreements with the United States and the European Union Impacts of Egypt’s Trade Agreements Observed Economic Impacts of Trade Agreements 4. Impact of Trade Regime Changes on Subsectors Purpose of Subsector Analysis Summary of Subsector Analysis Fresh Flowers, Fruits, and...
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...MARKETING PROJECT BANK – GROUP 3 LAUNCH OF SME LIABILITIES IN QATAR This report provides the details on Launch of SME liabilities in Qatar A SWOT analysis has been provided to identify immediate action items. STP analysis on launch of the product A marketing plan devised from the 7Ps is outlined in this report to provide a practical and feasible way to launch the product in Qatar. Numerical targets and qualitative targets are stated clearly as objectives. Sales Plan Revenue and Pay back analysis 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Strengths * Well known brand name in local market * Great SME experience in UAE market * Well established SME asset to back launch of liabilities Weakness * Limitation in terms of distribution network – 4 branches. * Not been fully able to position itself correctly – More known for Retail. * Technologically weak in terms of alternative channels. S.W.O.T Opportunities * Leverage UAE Technology for differentiation and cost reduction. * Launch suite of products to meet E2E requirement of SME clients Threat * Local & government banks hold 80% of the market share. * Lower margins on liabilities * Back office support from UAE ‐ * 40% growth expected in SME sector Slower TATs will adversely effect in next 3 years. customer experience. 3 SEGMENTATION TARGETING POSITIONING 4 SEGMENTATION Geographic Demographic Psychographic • Different industrial areas of Qatar where SMEs are highly based. • SE customers ageing 35‐60 years of age...
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...A financial institution is an establishment that conducts financial transactions such as investments, loans and deposits. Almost everyone deals with financial institutions on a regular basis. Everything from depositing money to taking out loans and exchanging currencies must be done through financial institutions. Financial institutions has many categories like (commercial Banks- Investment Banks- Investment companies – Insurance companies) Types of Financial Institutions in Egypt: 1- Commercial banks like (CIB- QNB – AAIB-…. etc.) Commercial banks accept deposits and provide security and convenience to their customers. Part of the original purpose of banks was to offer customers safe keeping for their money. By keeping physical cash at home or in a wallet, there are risks of loss due to theft and accidents, not to mention the loss of possible income from interest. With banks, consumers no longer need to keep large amounts of currency on hand; transactions can be handled with checks, debit cards or credit cards, instead. Commercial banks also make loans that individuals and businesses use to buy goods or expand business operations, which in turn leads to more deposited funds that make their way to banks. If banks can lend money at a higher interest rate than they have to pay for funds and operating costs, they make money. 2- Investment banks like ( Rasmala -EFG Hermes –EIB -….etc.) Investment bank is a financial intermediary that performs a variety of services for businesses...
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...political risk. This is significant since political risk can have a substantial impact on firms, as current world events are showing in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Before I discuss this, firstly we need to understand what exactly is political risk. Essentially political risk is defined as the risk of losing money as a result of unstable governments or regulatory environments. Acts of terrorism, wars, and military coups are all extreme examples of political risk. Expropriation of assets by the government – or merely the threat – can also have a devastating effect on share prices as seen from the events in Syria, Libya, Egypt, Bahrain and Tunisia. All these countries highlight that the MENA nations have over the past few months witnessed unprecedented civil disturbances, along with mass demonstrations and disruptions to businesses. Egypt has over the years moved to become a manufacturing hub for many firms in the MENA region, while Tunisia has been a tourism sanctuary. However, these recent political problems and uncertainty around the old and new incoming governments have implications for company profits. The next part will untangle political risk and help develop some strategic options for firms to deal with future political risk. What caused this Political Risk? In the MENA region, the political unrest was caused by an increased toxic mix of high unemployment, high inflation, oscillations in fuel prices and long standing corrupt regimes. Broadly speaking...
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...S.W.O.T Analysis of Mobilink Pakistan Exordium: Mobilink is the subsidiary of Orascom Egypt was initially founded by Motorola USA in 1994 but later sold to Orascom. Mobilink is the leading service provider of telecommunication services in Pakistan. Following are the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) of Mobilink Pakistan. Strengths: * Mobilink is the market leader with huge customer base in Pakistan market. * It offers mobile services in the majority of cities and also in remote areas which makes it largest coverage network. * It has been enjoying successful journey in term of revenues, profits and market share. * Strong marketing and advertising. * They have got the Quality human resources, the reason behind that is strong recruitment and selection process. * Offers competitive salaries and benefits to the employees. * Powerful brand equity. * The quality of service has been tremendous specially in the major cities of Pakistan. * Only Mobile service in Pakistan offering coverage on M2 motorway. * Mobilink has signed the agreement with 50 operators to provide the roaming services in 50 countries of the world. * Mobilink is the first company to introduce blackberry services in Pakistan for that reason it has been the first choice for the business people. * Joint venture with MCB to offer mobile banking services to customers. Weaknesses: * It offers high calls rate to the customers as compared to the...
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...Export IKEA furniture products to Egypt Instructor: Bonnie Heineman Wolfe MBA 617: Import Export Management Pinarath Sinluksanathip Munkh Orgil Zorigoo Funmi Ogunwale Nasser Madini Samuel Sandeep Trang Huynh December 3, 2012 CONTENT I. Executive Summary II. Introduction III. Product background analysis IV. Egypt Overview V. Barrier to trade of Egypt VI. Market Analysis VII. Marketing Effort VIII. Logistic and Supply Chain analysis 1. Logistic Strength in Egypt: 2. Egypt Facts from Logistics Perspective 3. Creating a Supply Chain and Logistics Strategy a. Determining the Store Location and Capacity b. Transportation and Storage c. Logistic partnerships d. Logistic Enterprise and Measurement 4. Risk Management Plan for Supply Chain and Logistics IX. IKEA Distribution Process to Egypt X. General document requirement for exporting I. Executive Summary IKEA is a home furnishing company with a fully integrated supply chain, including its own industrial groups – Swedwood and Swedspan. The IKEA Group, directly or indirectly, also owns retail centers, always with an IKEA store as unique anchor tenant. The IKEA Group works in four basic areas: range strategy & product development, production, supply and retail. The parent company of the IKEA Group of Companies, INGKA Holding B.V. is owned by Stichting INGKA Foundation in the Netherlands (The case of IKEA...
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...Executive Summary This report reviews the status of the relationship between Canada and Egypt with particular emphasis on the factors that influence trade between them. The approach used is one of situational analysis by looking at how the relationship has been over the past ten years, the current situation, and what is expected in the next one decade. Main problem were also analyzed in this report which includes cultural issues affecting trade, mutual interests, education and the fact that mutual respect plays a pivotal role in allowing the relationship to flourish. These changes are revised over time to enable the international relations not to be affected by adverse global developments. Ensuring a stable state of political affairs in Egypt shall be imperative in ensuring the relations do not deteriorate. The training that Canada appropriates for Egyptian diplomats should be given more emphasis. Egyptian borders should be rendered impervious to the ISIS onslaught. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Issues Affecting Business Relations between Canada and Egypt 4 Mutual Respect, Mutual Benefit 4 Common Interests 4 Changes over the Past Decade 5 Disarmament 5 La Francophonie 5 Other Areas of Cooperation 6 2025 Outlook 6 La Francophonie 6 Cultural Exchange 6 Recommendations 7 Political Stability 7 Middle East Tensions 7 Conclusion 7 References 8 Appendix ...
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