...International Security: Cyber Warfare – notes 10/3/12 * Review * Drones * What is Cyber Warfare? * Cyberspace: Interconnected network of information systems * Cyber warfare: using cyber capabilities to disrupt information in computers of another state * Inexpensive, just need to create unique computer code * Types * Denial of Service (DoS) * Goal: shut down network * Method: flood networkd with so many extra requests it overloads * Variant: Distributed (DDoS) attack from many infected bots * “carpet bomb in cyberspace” * Variant: Permanent (PDoS) * Damagers hardware * Malicious Programs * Goal: Disrupt of gain control of target computer * Method: Open a back door for remote access * Types: * Virus: Attached to file, self-replicates * Worm: Self-replicates, travels unaided * Trojan Horse: Apparently harmless program with code inside to gain system control * Logic bomb: * Goal: Coordinate timing of an attack * Method: Watch for specific event or predetermined time to trigger malicious code * Digital Manipulation * Goal: misinform/deceive audience * Method: Digitally alter images/audio * Extent: Real-time video, voice morphing * Cyber Espionage * Definition: Using cyber capabilities to acquire information about another...
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...netwar by the military. It includes hackers, listeners of communications systems, van Elckradiation115 listeners and so on. Cyberwar consists of information terrorism, semantic attack, simulation warfare and Gibson warfare. Typically Cyberwar is warfare, or hostile influence between attack- and defence programs in computers, computer networks and communication systems. For many, the term cyber war conjures up images of deadly, malicious programmes causing computer systems to freeze, weapon systems to fail, thwarting vaunted technological prowess for a bloodless conquest. This picture, in which cyber war is isolated from broader conflict, operates in an altogether different realm from traditional warfare and offers a bloodless alternative to the dangers and costs of modern warfare, is attractive but unrealistic. Such a scenario is not beyond the realm of possibility, but it is unlikely. Cyber warfare will almost certainly have very real physical consequences. Computer technology differs from other military assets, however, in that it is an integral component of all other assets in modern armies. From this perspective, it is the one critical component upon which many modern militaries depend, a dependence that is not lost on potential enemies. Countries around the world are developing and implementing cyber strategies designed to impact an enemy’s command and control structure,...
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...Attack Prevention: Preventing Cyber Attacks Krista McCafferty CMGT441: Introduction to Information Systems Security April 20, 2012 Attack Prevention: Preventing Cyber Attacks In today’s society technology is everywhere. The use of computers, cell phones, GPS’s, and internet are a lot more common. Now that today’s technology is expanding and growing which means that the reliance and dependence of these products is also growing. The dependence and the reliance are not the only two things that technology brings. The more reliance of these things causes cyber attacks which are gradually increasing the occurrence. It is harder to stop these attacks before they occur is more difficult than what can be expected but however it is not impossible. There is a trick to catching these attacks which is within programs and applications that the users uses which detects as well as notifies the user that there is an attack. This could be something like an anti-virus and/or a malware program or even a firewall. The purpose within this paper is to discuss cyber attacks as well as the steps involved and how to prevent them which was discussed in the article by Tony M. Damico entitled Cyber Attack Prevention for the Home User: How to Prevent a Cyber Attack (2009) and other sources Cyber Attack: What It Is A cyber attack is “an attempt to undermine...
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...Attack Prevention Paper Introduction Cyber-attacks which are exclusively performed for the only objective of information collecting vary from monitoring the activities which a user makes to copying vital documents included in a hard drive. While those which do harm generally involve monetary thievery and interruption of services. Cyber-attacks are a slowly growing situation which is based on technology. The secret to avoiding this kind of attack is in the applications and programs which one uses for protection which identifies and informs the user that an attack is certain generally known as Cyber Warfare. As stated in the 1st explanation. However dependence and reliance aren't the only items which technology provides. Or an effort to monitor the online moves of people without their permission as the sophistication of cyber criminals continues to increase; their methods and targets have also evolved. Instead of building the large Internet worms that have become so familiar, these criminals are now spending more time concentrating on wealth gathering crimes, including fraud and data theft. An online article from Cyber Media India Online Ltd., suggests that because home users often have the poorest security measures in place, they have become the most widely targeted group. Cyber Media states that 86% of all attacks are aimed at home users (2006). As attacks on home users increase, new techniques are surfacing...
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...Cyber Attack University of Phoenix Martese, Daniel, Terrence and Joe May 13, 2012 Mr. Thomas A. Maricle Introduction Cyber-attack is an attempt to undermine or compromise the function of a computer-based system, or attempt to track the online movements of individuals without their permission. These types of attacks can be undetected to the user and/or network administrator. Prevention At the time of this article writing, 86% of all attacks were aimed at home users. This article is from 2006, most likely the percentage is higher now. The article states that the home user does not take control and utilize their home firewall or antivirus software. To this end, I agree because most of my users that I have helped never opened their firewall or even heard of anti-virus. The author makes note what the difference between a detection and prevention system is. Prevention systems automatically detect and block malicious network and application traffic, while allowing legitimate traffic to continue through to its destination. A detection system just detects and would rely on the prevention system to act on it. The prevention system is said to block bad malevolent code and cannot block good code at the same time, while allowing for protection of newer and more advanced types of security threats. The users should get to know what they...
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...Attack Prevention Paper Introduction Cyber-attacks which are exclusively performed for the only objective of information collecting vary from monitoring the activities which a user makes to copying vital documents included in a hard drive. While those which do harm generally involve monetary thievery and interruption of services. Cyber-attacks are a slowly growing situation which is based on technology. The secret to avoiding this kind of attack is in the applications and programs which one uses for protection which identifies and informs the user that an attack is certain generally known as Cyber Warfare. As stated in the 1st explanation. However dependence and reliance aren't the only items which technology provides. Or an effort to monitor the online moves of people without their permission as the sophistication of cyber criminals continues to increase; their methods and targets have also evolved. Instead of building the large Internet worms that have become so familiar, these criminals are now spending more time concentrating on wealth gathering crimes, including fraud and data theft. An online article from Cyber Media India Online Ltd., suggests that because home users often have the poorest security measures in place, they have become the most widely targeted group. Cyber Media states that 86% of all attacks are aimed at home users (2006). As attacks on home users increase, new techniques are surfacing, including the use...
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...CYBER CRIME Presented by : GROUP 3 CONTENT • • • • • • • • • • Introduction History of cyber crime Definition Categories of cyber crime Types of cyber crime Cybercrime statistics Cyber Threat Evolution Cyber crime in Philippines Safety tips Conclusion WHAT DO YOU KNOW? INTRODUCTION • Cybercrime is a term used broadly to describe activity in which computers or networks are a tool, a target, or a place of criminal activity. INTRODUCTION • Examples of cybercrime in which the computer or network is a TOOL of the criminal activity - Spamming and - Criminal copyright crimes, particularly those facilitated through peer-to-peer networks. INTRODUCTION • Examples of cybercrime in which the computer or network is a TARGET of criminal activity • - Unauthorized access (i.e, defeating access controls), • - malicious code, and denial-of-service attacks. INTRODUCTION • Examples of cybercrime in which the computer or network is a PLACE of criminal activity - theft of service (in particular, telecom fraud) and - certain financial frauds. BRIEF HISTORY • The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year 1820. That is not surprising considering the fact that the abacus, which is thought to be the earliest form of a computer, has been around since 3500 B.C. DEFINITION • Cyber Crime is a Crime committed using a computer and the internet to steal a person’s identity or illegal imports or malicious programs. Cybercrime is nothing but where the computer...
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...Attack Prevention Nicole Stone University of Phoenix Introduction to Information Systems Security Management CMGT/441 Anthony Seymour March 03, 2012 Attack Prevention The article that will be reviewed is entitled “Help Combat Cyber Attacks with These Steps” written by Chris Mead. This article covers many topics on how a business or government agency can be damaged by a cyber-attack and what should be done to prevent this from happening. Cyber-attacks can “inflict economic damage, disrupt a company’s operation and harm to its reputation” (Mead, 2011, para. 1). The different types of attacks are discussed such as; intellectual property theft, fraud, attacks upon infrastructure, and telecommunications. This article also stresses the importance of getting employees involved in the fight against these types of attacks by keeping all employees trained in information security policies and procedures. Some businesses may even require the assistance of the government in fighting off these attacks, and getting them involved if an attack does occur. Intellectual property theft is “robbing people of their ideas, inventions, and creative expressions—what’s called intellectual property—everything from trade secrets and proprietary products and parts to movies and music and software” (FBI, n.d., para. 1). The U.S is known for having cutting edge ideas, therefore making them vulnerable to these types of threats. That is why the FBI has made it a top priority to fight against...
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...Cyber-attacks are a major problem to businesses as well as home users, it is in every nook, and cranny in the world of computers and prevention is a major concern to all. Many websites have contracted viruses or denial of service attacks and some host malware. Unsuspecting visitors visit these sites and contracted the spyware, malware, or viruses to their own home computer. What can we do for this? Well, there are preventive measures that one can take companies or home users. To find preventive measures the user must first understand the hacker and how they work. The vulnerabilities of one’s network are those call weaknesses or holes, hackers love these and can scan a system for days trying to find them. It is the administrator or IT department to find these such holes and find a way to abolish them before they are inundated with the chaos the hackers bring forth. Agreeing with “HackingAlert” the prevention is more difficult and complex in real life (HackingAlert). A large threat and a near fatal threat is the malware, it is used to capture vital information from the user’s computer, such as logins and passwords. This type of information is used in high-risk areas such as banking information. It can be well hidden in applications like a PowerPoint presentation, email, instant messenger, or a Web Site may have it hidden or embedded in the site itself. This paper will discuss these measures in hopes to educate the user in open-minded scenarios. First thing to know is that there...
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...Cyber Security by American Military University Professor Derrick Thomas June 22, 2014 Cyber security is a difficulty that everyone faces in today’s society. It is defined in a variety of ways by many. One definition is that cyber security focuses on protecting computer networks, systems, data, and programs from unwanted access. Cyber security is sometimes referred to as information security, information network security, cyberspace security, or even computer security. There are many viewpoints by highly educated people on cyber security but the purpose of this paper is to tell my viewpoint on the subject. Every aspect of a persons life has some sort of cyber dimension. People paying for bills online, cloud computing, and even online gaming. This year in 2014, everyone is bombarded with news headlines that say cyber threats are up. Many of these headlines always include some kind of phishing attack trying to steal someones identity, a hacker that breached the network of a company, a new technique that attacks mobile devices like smart phones, or a government trying to monitor and take secrets from another government!!br0ken!! The concern for cyber security is now a real-world concern globally. The concern over cyber security is what is driving the governments worldwide to make it priority one on their list's now. This is so, because technology is growing at a very fast and continuous pace. The technology field itself is very vast and has much variety. Cyber security...
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...TERRORISM Prof Nerove SEC 300 May 28, 2012 On the next couple of pages, I will be discussing terrorism as a threat to people and infrastructure. My discussion will include how individuals in private and public security can attribute to the prevention of terrorism within the U.S. terrorism is a threat that does not recognize borders and may affect states and peoples irrespective of their geographical location. Individuals and groups who believe that they can advance their political aims by using terror pose a serious threat to the democratic values of our societies and to the rights and freedoms of our citizens, especially by indiscriminately targeting innocent people. Acts of terrorism are criminal and unjustifiable, and must be treated as such under all circumstances (Hoffman, 1988). Terrorism as a threat to people and infrastructure is considered to be very critical. Much of the United States critical infrastructure is potentially vulnerable to cyber attack. Industrial control computer systems involved in this infrastructure are specific points of vulnerability, as cyber security for these systems has not been perceived as a high priority. Industries potent ally affected by a cyber attack on industrial control systems include the electrical, telephone, water, chemical and energy sectors (Naumann, 2008). Terrorism is considered to be one of the oldest forms of human conflict. Although, the FBI and the U.S customs service have made terrorism their top priority, they...
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...Cyber terrorism Assignment #10 6/15/2012 TS 5999 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………2 Introduction…………………………………………………..3 What is Cyberterrorism?....................................................3-4 History…………………………………………………………4 Examples of cyberterrorism…………………………………4-6 Level of cyber terror capability ……………………………..6 Figure 1……………………………………………………….7 Prevention of cyberterrorism……………………………….7-8 Conclusion ……………………………………………………..8 Reference ……………………………………………………...9-10 Abstract Cyberterrorism has increasing become one of the most significant threats nationally and internationally. Being that the internet makes it easier for terrorist to communicate, organize terrorist cells, share information, plan attacks; the internet also is used to cyber terrorist acts. Since the September 11th terror attacks on the US, American have remained on high alert for possibly another terror attack. The government has many action plans ready in the event that they get wind of another attack or an attack happens. Law enforcement has received training in terrorism prevention and detection techniques, granted terrorist are always looking for ways to improve their methods of attack. This paper will look at all the different aspects of cyberterrorism and review the different cases of cyberterrorism nationally and internationally. Introduction The use of computers and the internet have been an important part of our daily lives. Computers and the internet makes...
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...Cyber Crime Research Presentation by the Australian Institute of Criminology Dr Russell G Smith Principal Criminologist The Australian Institute of Criminology • Australia's national research and knowledge centre on crime and justice • Core funding from the Australian Government, with income for contract research from public and private sectors • Criminology Research Advisory Council representing all jurisdictions • Staff of 30 academic researchers and 25 support staff – total 55 Cyber crime research Research questions • • • • • • • • • • How are cyber crimes committed (e.g. credit cards, internet)? How many crimes are committed and what are the crime trends? Who commits them and why do people commit them? How much money is at stake, lost and recovered? How can such crime be reduced – by prevention or punishment? Online and desk-based reviews of books, reports and articles Legislative and case-law analysis, including sentencing research Consultations with business, government and the community Surveys of households, businesses, offenders and victims Analysis of media reporting of crime Research methods Dissemination of findings • Reports, books, articles, conference papers, roundtables, online, media Cyber crime concepts Organised Crime e.g. OMCGs Identity Crime Cyber Crime e.g. off-line crimes e.g. ID theft Internet Crime e.g. Offensive Content Phishing Financial Crime e.g. Home renovation scams A chronology of cyber crime Cloud...
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...RLOT Task 2 With the availability of open source tools and resources to cybercriminals, it has become extremely difficult to combat distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Typically DDoS attacks occur at the network layer by SYN flooding, ICMP flooding, and UDP flooding. Some times DDoS attacks fail at the network layer when this happens cybercriminals shift to application layer attacks. Application attacks occur by sending an overwhelming number of HTTP GET requests (HTTP flooding) or running a massive number of queries through the victim’s database query or search engine. This guide will address the information technology (IT) industry’s best practices to counter denial of service (DoS) and DDoS attacks. These countermeasures are patch management program, antivirus software, and host-based intrusion prevention systems. Patch Management Program One important aspect of security is patch management. Patching is software code that a vendor distributes to fix functionality problems or vulnerabilities for applications and network devices. Without a patch management program hackers could exploit vulnerabilities to gain access into the university’s information system, elevate privileges, and steal data. The amount of patches released can be overwhelming to the university’s network technicians. The patch management program will ensure that security risks are reduced to an acceptable level and reduce manpower requirements. The university will use an automated patch management...
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...decision-making frameworks to IT related ethical issues: Computer-Based Crimes INTRODUCTION/PROBLEM STATEMENT Today’s technology has opened up a new realm of criminal activity, and new ways to exploit innocent people. Cyber-related crimes have been increasing for the past decade and include a number of different illegal activities to include: identity theft, phishing, cyber-stalking, and the use of malware. Criminal activities are of course, unethical, and cyber-crimes are no exception. It is a problem plaguing our society, and people have to be diligent to avoid being attacked and exploited. “It seems that everything relies on computers and the internet now — communication, entertainment, transportation (car engine systems, airplane navigation), shopping, and medicine (equipment, medical records). How much of your daily life relies on computers? How much of your personal information is stored either on your own computer or on someone else's system? Cyber security involves protecting that information by preventing, detecting, and responding to attacks” (US CERT, 2013). Today, we’ll look at an ethical approach (Reynolds' Seven-Step Ethical Decision-Making Approach) to develop protective measures that could help in mitigating cyber-crimes Ethically, cyber-crimes really boil down to what’s right and wrong. Deontological theories focus on the right action, doing the right thing, no matter the consequences. All humans on this planet have a deontological duty to do what’s...
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