...Did you know that there are 200 known chemicals in one cigarette? I learned that from D.A.R.E. In this essay I will talk about what I learned, how to make good decisions, and how I will use them in the future. Also dare has been amazing, I have learned so much from officer Trapp. He has taught me about what drugs do to you and what cigarettes do. It has been amazing Now I’m going to talk about what I learned. I learned about the chemicals in a cigarette, and what they do. I learned about drugs, and I learned how to use the D.A.R.E decision making model. The decision making model is used to teach kids like me how make a good decision, and I will talk more about that in the next paragraph. Do you know how to make a good decision if you don’t...
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...cost-benefit analysis to improving business decisions Cost-Benefits Analysis (CBA) is the process of using theory, data, and models to study products, exchanges, and activities for measuring relevant ideas and alternative solutions in order to support decision-makers in choosing the most appropriate alternative. This paper explores how CBA may best be used, focusing on the effectiveness of CBA during the early phase of a program life-cycle in ensuring that there are worthwhile alternatives in making investment decisions. It also examines the measures and the methodology used to develop a CBA, addresses the accuracy and reliability of CBA, and identifies techniques available to support decision-making in the early phase of a program’s life-cycle. It also notes, however, that because not all costs and benefits can be quantified, measures other than CBA should also be considered in making business decisions. The effectiveness of CBA lies in its ability to provide increased understanding of the consequences of proposed public programs. CBA must be understood as one means to support decision-makers in making the best decisions for the public good. The value of CBA will vary with the importance of mandates, policies, and regulations. For example, CBA offers a well-established and tested approach, supported by substantial research, for identifying and assessing corporation. A CBA can enable decision-makers to make prioritized decisions about business programs. It provides a broad...
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...HRM Project on Pakistan Tobacco Company (PTC) We are providing Projects for your business growth and to meet new challenges. Here are some projects prepared by our team of "Developing New Projects" for the Guarantee of your business growth British American Tobacco: British American Tobacco is the world’s most international tobacco company with an impressive market position in Latin America and a robust position in all the other regions including America pacific, Asia-Pacific, Europe and Africa and Middle East (AME).for 100 years, British American Tobacco has been building an international reputation for producing high quality tobacco products to meet the diverse preferences of consumers. Leading edge manufacturing BAT focuses on quality and excellent distribution capabilities enabling consistently to deliver premium products in 180 markets. Vision: “To achieve leadership of the global tobacco industry in both a quantitative and qualitative sense.” BAT has 15% of the global market and is the second largest international tobacco company and the market leader outside the US. For BAT leadership is about being recognized as a high quality business with excellent people and products and being seen as a benchmark company. Business focus: BAT has clear priorities for investment: 1. Market leadership or premium position: Focus on markets where it can retain or achieve portfolio leadership and build premium positions such as Middle East, Japan, South Korea...
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...IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSRJBM) ISSN: 2278-487X Volume 3, Issue 5 (Sep,-Oct. 2012), PP 17-27 www.iosrjournals.org Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study Of TATA Group Amit Kumar Srivastava1, Gayatri Negi2, Vipul Mishra3, Shraddha Pandey4 ( 1,4 ( 2 ,3 Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering & Technology, Bareilly, U P/India ) Career Degree College, kakori, Lucknow /U P / University of Lucknow / India) Abstract: Starting from the times of barter system to today’s modern era of plastic money, the mankind has trodden a remarkably long path. Undoubtedly “profitability” has always been the driving force and an undercurrent behind all this development; but as every coin has two facets; growing cut throat competition and business rivalries started taking heavy toll on the quality, transparency, environment and the society in general endangering the peaceful coexistence of business and society. The businesses houses started realizing that they would have to rise over and above the profitability and take care of all those associated with their survival in the society directly or indirectly. This realization resulted into the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This research paper moves around developing an understanding about the corporate social responsibility (CSR), delving into its concept and finding out its scope taking the case study of the TATA Group under Mr. Ratan Tata who has exemplified the sense of responsibility towards...
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...DARE TO DISRUPT!! DARE TO DISRUPT!! Theme: Means to tackle disruptive innovation Name: Prasun Kumar Das PGPM Participant, Batch 1114 Information Management S. P. Jain Institute of Management & Research Mobile - +91 7506793925 DISRUPTION – The New Age Competitive Strategy Everything is fair in love and war; and competition in a business environment is like a cold war. Innovation has always been the major strategy used by businesses around the world to stay competitive. The traditional paradigm of innovation was to improve the performance of the existing technology, thereby steeping up the performance trajectory. However, value creation for customers may be much simpler than high performing technology. There is always a threshold level till which customers can absorb and appreciate which the traditional paradigm fails to address. This has lead to a gradual shift in paradigm, over the last five decades, from a continuous performance improvement to that of something called ‘Disruption’. Clayton Christensen coined this term and today it has become a big buzzword. He identified ‘Disruptive Innovation’ as a product or service, so compelling in nature that everyone rapidly abandons their current way of doing things to this new approach. IT has been the big enabler of this disruption. The fundamental aspect of disruption is to use the right benchmark, which becomes additive with time. When that happens, we find entire product lines – even the whole market...
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...2004). There is political instability in Arab and African countries. Emerging economies in Asia and South America contribute to further insecurity and instability. The global competition between countries is increasing and is associated with an increasing demand for raw materials and energy. The demand for raw materials will create tensions on the commodities market and a struggle for energy resources. The current political and economic conditions of countries require new leadership models to manage the global crisis. This crisis in the economy, the political authority and global relations has long been performed and will persist. There seems to be a permanent crisis with serious and unprecedented tensions and challenges. This contribution is organized as follows. First, describes why traditional forms of leadership do not meet in a crisis. Next, a model outlined for adaptive leadership that suits situations of instability and uncertainty (Mitroff, 2004). Then, some model concepts introduced suitable to the variety found in the contributions to organize. Thereafter,...
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...Maybe I need to show more my believes and my decisions I need to understand that being a leader is not just giving directions it is about sharing IQ => knowledge, analysis, technique, strategy EQ => relationship: motivation, stress CM2: Reward try, not succeed or fail Sometimes I win Sometimes I learn 4 steps to express and feel the emotions: Keeping the emotions and not expressing them can be dangerous. It will come up somehow. It is the 5 senses Visual => Lemon Auditif/ Listening => the little musique Kinesthesique / Touching Odorat/ Smell Goût / Taste Assertive => saying things directly I + … 1) Manipulation 2) Aggressive 3) Avoidance From the P to the EQ/R: Me, other, team, change PHQ: physical Physiological laws: how does the body works, hormones. Reinforcement: how to reinforce your body? Resistance level Recovery The red part of the energy: thinking, stress, conflicts, angry, disturb, still. The green part: 1) Sleep (40%) 2) Nutriments (20%) oxygen is also a nutriment 3) Physical activities 4) Social contacts 5) Leisure (passive and active) 6) Psychological satisfaction 7) Laugh We are worth our weakest battery 1st step: Cohesive group: 1+1=2. 2nd step: Collection of individuals: 1+1<2. 1. Common goals 2. Common rules 3. Trust 3rd step: Performing team: 1+1> 2 4. Roles 5. Motivation 6. Talent Making a timeline helps people to have clear ideas...
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...Also the existence of civil societies which organize and promote the citizen agenda makes the public sphere dissimilar. In order to make a clear distinction between what makes the public sphere distinct from the private sphere I will have a close look at how the principle developed from the feudal system until the democratic system nowadays. A close analysis at the philosophers’ theories and the principles which intervenes with public sphere is helpful. Also its characteristics will be outlined in order to draw a line between the public and the private sphere. One characteristic and a product of the public sphere is the public opinion which makes this sphere distinct from the private one. This concept is crucial and political decision making. According to The World Bank this involves issues that are open and accessible to everyone, affairs related to the state, the government or social institutions and the opinion formed as a result of discussing about certain issues is the dominant...
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...a man to manage and handle whoever women can be a leader also. Like the history of a women leader in the Philippines that included to this portion. Anticipate As a leader, is the One of the extraordinary characteristics by individuals admitting his/ her weaknesses and failure such of that leader said by each leader the characteristics reveal respective leader's readiness to believe in high standard accomplishment of mission achievement success and activity, improvement that earns him/her praise, appreciation and approbation or support in the future from all walks of his or her life. Visionary they develop and deploy new products quickly and can fast without all the process that A leader is a type of person that has a good brain and dare to ask question and straight forward the most important trait of a leader is they are vision that they can take a team and bring them up with the leader knowledge in the society. Furthermore, a leader visionary believes that really can manage a team or organization and to organised peoples very well. You can see the differences how leader can be perform as well. You can see around the world in...
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...Key elements The Expectancy Theory of Motivation explains the behavioral process of why individuals choose one behavioral option over another. It also explains how they make decisions to achieve the end they value. Vroom introduces three variables within the expectancy theory which are valence , expectancy and instrumentality. The three elements are important behind choosing one element over another because they are clearly defined: effort-performance expectancy, performance-outcome expectancy. Three components of Expectancy theory: Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence 1. Expectancy: Effort → Performance 2. Instrumentality: Performance → Outcome 3. Valence- Expectancy: Effort → Performance Expectancy is the belief that one's effort will result in attainment of desired performance goals. Usually based on an individual's past experience, self-confidence (self efficacy), and the perceived difficulty of the performance standard or goal. Factors associated with the individual's Expectancy perception are self efficacy, goal difficulty, and control. Self efficacy is the person’s belief about their ability to successfully perform a particular behavior. Goal difficulty happens when goals are set too high or performance expectations that are made too difficult are most likely to lead to low expectancy perceptions. Control is one's perceived control over performance. In order for expectancy to be high, individuals must believe that they have some degree of control over the...
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...such person’s decisions are not solely based on his/her ideas and opinions only. A leader listens, supports, represents, never gives up and most of all is a role model to his subordinates. He have the ability to motivate and empower others to achieve a goal”. There are individuals who may agree with my definition and there are others who may add or subtract. Whatever the case may be; this justifies one fact about Leadership which is; everyone have their own way of how leadership is defined. Everyone have their unique Leadership styles and characteristics. There are many characteristics and qualities that come to mind when I consider a leader in my life and the influence that they have had on my values, skills and knowledge of what makes an effective leader. In gathering these various characteristics and qualities, I have a portrait of what an ideal leader can and should be. This paper will examine the characteristics of a leader that I would be willing to walk through the streets of Bagdad for, even if all I have was a squirt gun. My Ideal Leader falls under the category of Team Leadership. In Team Leadership; the leader has special responsibilities for functioning in a manner that will help the group or organization achieve effectiveness. According to Hill’s Model for Team Leadership; it places leadership in the driver’s seat of Team Effectiveness. The Model defines the complex phenomenon of leadership starting at the top, with its initial Leadership Decisions then moving to...
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...HOW TO FOSTER CREATIVITY IN DECISION MAKING Abstract Creativity is the most critical and important factor for all organizations to take advantage of in order to survive during these challenging times (Kanter, 1983; Tushman and O'Reilly, 1997; Utterback, 1994). Ongoing uncertainties of both the economic and global financial markets, indirectly forces almost all successful companies to adopt a new corporate business model largely based on using individual creativity to facilitate and enhance organizational innovation. In order to build and sustain an effective organizational culture conquered by creativity and innovation, organizations must effectively identify to maximize all creative wealth of their members, develop creative leaders and management teams and provide a kind of work environment that is highly supportive of creative expression. The focus on this paper is to examine the ways to foster creativity in decision-making since it can easily be seen and understood that fostering creativity is not an easy task as there are no easy formulas to make creativity happen. Introduction Creativity is significant in management research (Shalley et al., 2004) and it is well defined as the production of novel ideas, which are not only unique but also useful. They are deemed to be useful when “they have potential for direct or indirect value to the organization, either in the short or long-term” (Shalley et al., 2004). Ideas can always be generated by anyone, and are either...
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...To Sir with Love “ To Sir With Love” In the film, “To Sir With Love,” various human characteristics are brought to light, of these, the idea or notion that humans are able to adapt and change their way of thinking, seems to be portrayed well throughout the movie. The movie highlights the experiences of an African teacher working in a London school. The lead actor, Mack Thackeray, struggles to win the respect and affection of his rebellious working class senior students in a run down east side London School. The film depicts the challenges seen by both the teacher and his students that ultimately result in their collaboration to change their ways of thinking about each other and establish that cordial relationship between a leader and his students. To start off, Mark Thackeray also known as “Sir” does not really want to be a teacher; he sees the job as a temporary placement that puts food on the his table and clothes on his back, while he searches for a more lucrative position within the Engineering field for which he has been trained. The film emphasis not only some of the challenges Thackeray faces as a black man in a racist environment, but some of the obstacles that he has to overcome at North Quay Secondary. While teaching at North Quay Secondary…IT is seen only at the end of the film he finally is offered a job in an Engineering company located outside of London. Having put forth all of his time and energy into getting an education, he begins teaching at North...
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...Disney is the reflects of the habit of society to which they belong in their history or their short films. Thus heroines like Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora are submitted to wish than others, especially men, have chosen for her. They are docile women who spend their time dreaming. They are always save by men from a evil spell and are submit to the will of men. Instead, the heroines of the late twentieth century are beginning to take their lives and rebel against the male authority . In the twenty-first century heroines are increasingly rebelling and advocate of feminist principles : women are the equals of men. This analysis allows us to see a marked increase of women's place in society. The woman is no longer the instrument of men, but she dares to rebel and run her own life. The mentality, habits, and even laws have changed thanks to the image of the woman shows in Disney animated films. Disney is a holder of innovation. It allows children, essentially girls, to find them to their society and live in their time. Pythagoras wrote in the sixth...
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...This would make the store have more room in the isles and for people to move around more easily. The other issue I found could be their locations. They tend to have locations that are out of the ordinary and a place people would not normally go grocery shopping. This tends to turn most people off from shopping at certain locations. Discussion Questions 1. I believe Trader Joe’s uses the management process in many different ways. Planning- Most supermarkets carry upwards of 45 thousand different products, while Trader Joe’s only carries about 4 thousand. This gives people a lesser variety but a greater chance of buying the product. It is less of a chore to pick between 4 different brands than 12. When they have a product that is not making a profit or not enough profit, they remove it from their inventory and bring in something new. They also use customer feedback for this process as well, which keeps their customers satisfied and coming back to their stores. Another way of planning for Trader Joe’s is their marketing. They spend about 0.2% of their sales on marketing while super and mega markets are spending roughly 4%. Trader Joe’s goes by word of mouth also, so this is a huge advertising cost that they do not have to spend money on. This is another reason Trader Joe’s prides itself on customer satisfaction and retention. Organization – Each employee of Trader Joe’s is to not only learn about the products they offer but...
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