...Date Rape "Date rape", often referred to as acquaintance rape, is an assault or attempted assault usually committed by a new acquaintance involving sexual intercourse without mutual consent. The term date rape is widely used but can be misleading because the person who commits the crime might not be dating the victim. Rather, it could be an acquaintance or stranger. Drugs used by Attackers: Drug-facilitated date rape is the use of drugs to assist the attacker in a rape. The drug can be any substance that is physical or mind altering. Drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA), which is considered an umbrella term for crimes such as drug-facilitated date rape, differs from many rapes in that it is not typically a crime of physical violence but rather of sexual hedonism and entitlement. Though flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) is often cited as a date rape drug because of its high potency, strong effects and the ability to cause strong amnesia during its duration of action, investigations into its actual use as a date rape drug have contradicted popular belief. According to research conducted by Michael Robertson from the San Diego Medical Examiner's office and Dr. Mahmoud El Sohly of El Sohly Laboratories, test results indicated that flunitrazepam was only used in around 1% of reported date rapes according to Robertson and 0.33% according to urine lab tests done by El Sohly. In fact, the benzodiazepines midazolam and temazepam were the two most common benzodiazepines utilized for...
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...“Date Rape” is a harsh and cruel reality in today’s world. Date rape is assertion of power and an attempt to control. The concept of domination and submission is used to describe this harness act. It is a violation of trust and violation of the victim’s body. It causes lifelong emotional scars to the victim. Commonly, date rape is referring to drug-facilitated sexual assault and/or acquaintance rape. Usually date rape is not committed by anonymous people , it can happen after a first date or even years after dating the person. Majority of date rape is committed by men yet 81 per cent of men are raped by other men. 90 per cent of teen are usually acquainted with their attacker. One in every four women are victims of date rape, between the ages of 15 -25 years. One of every twelve mean force women to have sex with them. Unfortunately 90 % of date rape cases are not reported. The question one always askes is what has caused this epidemic. Reasons such traditional socialization of the genders , the introduction of drugs and alcohol, lack of communication between the parties which includes body language and messages sent between men and women. The socialization process of men greatly affects their personality when they are adults and can also give us a guideline to the type of person he would be in a relationship. Traditional male socialization has conformed male’s to be very aggressive , competitive and to have a “never give up” attitude. Males who have been...
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...Plan Alcohol and Rape on College Campuses Statement of Interest Many studies look at rape and alcohol on college campuses separately, while others look at the effect that alcohol has on rape. It is estimated that one fifth to one fourth of all women experience a completed or attempted rape during their four to five year college career (McMahon 2010). Too many women are victimized on a daily basis on college campuses, a place people go to better themselves, all while believing they are safe. Reality is, rape can happen to any woman, at any time, on any campus. There are classes given on almost every campus about to how women should protect themselves from violent acts such as rape, but how many women actually attend? What are women’s actual perceptions on rape on campus? Are women aware of the risk of rape on campus? What effects does alcohol have on the chance of committing a rape, and what effects does it have on the probability of getting raped? The objective of the paper is to find out how much women really know about the chances of getting raped, the proper way to protect their selves from getting raped, and what effect drinking can have on rape. Literature Search on Galileo While conducting research for this project, EBSCOhost and ProQuest were used. Both databases were had many articles and journals pertaining to alcohol and rape on college campuses. The first database used through Galileo was EBSCOhost. When using EBSCOhost the phase “Alcohol and Rape on Colleges...
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...from suicide, and as well as hundreds from other injuries (NIAA). In today’s society we are presented with a real epidemic, underage drinking. As children grow older they are brought into different environments where they are presented with different obligations. Children bring alcohol into their lives to be cool or to fit in, but dying of alcohol poisoning leaves young people to fit into which group? Teenagers begin drinking as early as middle school or even sooner. (NLM) It is said that teens who drink are more likely to be victims of violent crimes. They are more likely to have serious problems in school. They are more likely to be involved in drinking and driving accidents. Children who start drinking young are also more likely to develop problems with alcohol later in life. With such a huge epidemic in underage drinking, why would law makers want to lower the legal age? Throughout the United States, most seventeen year olds receive their drivers’ license. Seventeen year olds are still in high school and still testing different waters; some of the “water” is alcohol. It is hard to believe, but 70 percent of all teenagers drink alcohol, and 60 percent of all teen deaths in car accidents are alcohol-related (Eagle). Most parents want to believe that when they hand their children the keys to the car, they won’t drink and drive. Many teens get "pulled in" by the overwhelming pressure to drink. In most cases, the driver does not realistically consider the consequences of his...
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...Angelone, D. J., Mitchell, D. & Pilafova, A. (2007) Club drug use and intentionality in perceptions of rape victims. Sex Roles, 57, 283-292. This exploratory study investigated the influence of GHB use versus alcohol and intentionality on observer's feelings toward the victim and the perpetrator in a male-female rape scenario. The sample in this study consisted of 198 undergraduate students from a Northeastern college; the sample contained 130 females and was almost 80% Caucasian. The participants ranged in age from 18-48 but the mean was 19. Participants read one of four vignettes where a college female had attended a party and had ingested GHB or Everclear, a type of grain alcohol. In the different vignettes the female either ingested the substance voluntarily or was "slipped" the drug by a male, the vignette continued when the female became sleepy and the male brought her into his room and had sex with her, the victim attempted to verbally resist but felt too groggy to physically resist (Angelone, 2007, 286). The victim then reported the rape to police in the morning; the perpetrator claimed the sex was consensual. After the vignette participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire asking about victim and perpetrator culpability, victim pleasure, victim trauma, perpetrator guilt, and the likelihood the perpetrator will be found guilty (Angelone, 2007, 286). Overall the respondents found that the perpetrator was responsible for the crime, whether or not the victim chose...
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...Date Rape and Sexual Aggression in Dating Situations This study was conducted to access the risk factors for date rape in male against female sexual aggressions in dating situations. The risk factors were established by several different things which included how often one dated and how often she was uncomfortable during the date or how often sexual aggression took place during a date. Linton and Muehlenhard compare the dates of people who had come into contact with sexual aggression versus those who have not come into contact with sexual aggression while on a date. They also compared “attitudes of people who had versus people who had not been involved in sexual aggression.” The study that Linton and Muehlenhard conducted shows that over half of the people who participated in the questionnaires had infact been involved with some form of sexual aggression. The study also showed that less than 10% had been involved with unwanted sexual acts while on a date. The authors state that “variables that appear to be risk factors are the man’s initiating the date, paying all the expenses, and driving; miscommunication about sex, heavy alcohol or drug use; “parking”; and men’s acceptance of the traditional sex roles. Often times in situations involving date rape, the amount of time in which the two have known each other don’t seem to play an important role in date rape or sexual aggression. The authors in this study were trying to show the importance of certain risk factors that...
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...assault or rape. “1 in 5 women will be a victim of sexual assault during her academic career.” The amount of sexual violence that happens on American college campuses is appalling and, the even more appalling fact is the number of assault that go unreported. The issue has been brought up to college boards and administrators. While college rape prevention programs have been put into place, the programs are not working. The programs are not working because most rape or sexual assault cases go unreported completely. Many factors weigh into the issue of sexual assault on college campuses such as; the reporting system is flawed and unreliable; many of the...
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...salutation of a minor, internet child pornography, exposure, Lewd behavior, sexual assault, rape, date rape which is facilitated by a drug, solicitation of prostitution, and prostitution. There can be many side effects of a rape victim are: Depression Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Abuse of Alcohol Abuse of Drugs Suicide When a rape victim goes through the depression stage the victim suffers from lack of energy and will have difficulty maintaining concentration or the interest in their life. When post-traumatic stress disorder takes play it’s a type of anxiety disorder which occurs after you’ve seen or experienced a traumatic event. The abuse of alcohol which occurs excessively when the use of alcohol. When the abuse of drugs comes into play it is the habitual taking of addictive or illegal drug. Rape victims may become suicide which is the action of killing oneself intentionally. A date rape is when forcible sexual intercourse, acquaintance rape, committing a rape while being on a date, using forceful penetration while being on a date, sexual assault, and being raped while on a date by a male acquaintance of a female . This begins when the male takes the females social in ways that the female did not intend for it to submit into the sexual advances. The resisted acts cause by the many verbal refusals, denials or pleas to stop, and/or physical resistance. A date rape drug which is...
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...Victim Advocacy Anthony D. Rios AIU Online Abstract Date rape is a serious offense and should be not taken lightly. The National Crime Victimization Survey and the Uniform Crime Reporting provides statistics on this offense. There are also strengths and weaknesses in both tools, but they are both valuable tools. To understand date rape, it is important to know the definition, and how date rape is distinguished between stranger rape, statutory rape, and spousal rape. It’s also important to understand the drugs that are used for date rape and how they are used. The relationship between the offender and the victim can also provide a better understanding of date rape. Finally I will provide my position on this issue and how I could impact this social policy. Victim Advocacy * Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) reports crime statistics relating to rape and the strengths and weaknesses of each reporting. * Uniform Crime Reporting – This tool was established in 1929 by the International Association of Chiefs of Police so that the nation could have some reliable statistics to find where crimes where at the most. (Uniform Crime Reports) UCR is not only a tool that reports on rape, but it also reports on other crimes. The UCR is also used to provide statistics to all law enforcement agencies in the nation. (Doerner and Lab, pg 22) * Strengths with UCR– It provides a number of crimes of the whole nation...
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...Running Head: DATE OR ACQUAINTANCE RAPE Date or Acquaintance Rape Sharteshia Jackson May 8, 2011 AIU Online Abstract This paper is intended to discuss the topic of date or acquaintance rape. Statictics used by the USR and NCVS as well as the strengths and weaknesses are listed. This paper also discusses the different type of drugs used in date or acquaintance rape as well as how the victim is viewed in the eyes of others. Introduction There are different types of rapes: stranger rape, statutory rape and spousal rape are just to name a few. The UCR and the NCVS view rape differently. The UCR stands for Uniform Crime Report and NCVS stands for National Crime Victimization Survey. Drugs and alcohol can play a role in date or acquaintance rape. Drugs used in date rape cases are GHB, Rohypnol and Ketamine. No victim of rape should feel that they are to blame for being raped and changes to policy are needed to address different issues of rape such as date rape. UCR STATISTIC • The URC program is a tool that law enforcement agencies in different areas and regions could report and exchange important information about crime. • In 2009, the estimated volume of rape was 2.6 percent lower than the estimated 2008 rape volume. • The rate of forcible rape was 56.6 per 100,000 in 2009. UCR STRENTH AND WEAKNESS The strength of the UCR includes: • Provides standardized...
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...fifty-seven college-age people, ages eighteen to twenty-three, drank themselves to death between 1999 and 2005” (“Alcohol”). Just look at all the minors being killed due to drinking. With...
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...Incidents of Rape in Connecticut BY: Jason CLASS: CJ3375DL 10T4 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GOAL STATEMENT, VARIABLES, QUESTIONS P. 3 II. HYPOTHESES/THEORIES P. 4 III. SAMPLING PROCEDURE P. 5 IV. COVER LETTER P. 6 V. QUESTIONNAIRE P. 7 VI. LITERATURE REVIEW P. 8 VII. DATA ANALYSIS P. 10 VIII. RESEARCH FINDINGS/CONCLUSION P. 18 IX. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED P. 19 X. REFERENCE LIST P. 20 I. INTRODUCTION GOAL STATEMENT: To find out who suffers from rape incidents in the state of Connecticut. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Gender Race Age Knowing the identity of the perpetrator Educational Level RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What gender is sexually assaulted more often in the state of Connecticut? 2. What race is arrested more often for sexual assault in the state of Connecticut? 3. What is the age group of the majority of those being raped in the state of Connecticut? 4. Are most cases of sexual assault committed in Connecticut by a person known by the victim? 5. What is education level of those being sexually assaulted in the state of Connecticut? II. HYPOTHESES/THEORIES H1: FEMALES ARE SEXUALLY ASSUALTED MORE OFTEN THE MALES IN THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT. T1: The possible theory surrounding this hypothesis is because possibly men are more apt to act physically to fulfill their sexual urges then women, thus increasing...
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...English 102 13 September 2007 The Unknown Truth about Date Rape Date rape is a problem that seems to be growing every year. The definition of date rape according to Wikipedia, is nonconsensual sexual activity between people who are known to each other, either platonically or sexually. Date rape does not have an age limit or sexual preference, nor does it have a certain ethnicity. This type of violent act could happen to anyone. This act of violence just seems to happen to women more often than men. It’s very sad, but statistics show that in America a woman is raped every 2 minutes, according to the U.S. Department of Justice, and that sixty-eight percent of all rape victims know their attacker. About twenty-eight percent of all victims are raped by husbands or boyfriends, thirty-five percent by acquaintances, and five percent by other relatives according to, (Violence against Women, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice 1994) which makes it very hard to prove, because it is your word against the attacker. It is very disappointing when someone you know and trust does this to you. Data shows that most rapes happen between 6pm and 6am. I think that’s why it is so important that if you have to travel after dark, to try and have someone with you, sort of like a buddy system, an attacker may think twice about trying something if you are not alone. It is very disturbing to know that date rape on college campuses has increased, and one in twelve...
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...The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Word Count: 3,027 Abstract Acquaintance rape, commonly referred to as "date rape," is sweeping across college campuses throughout the United States. Described as nonconsensual sexual contact achieved by force, manipulation or coercion between two people who know each other, it is a form of sexual violence that had been given little attention prior to the 1980’s. Recent studies indicate that one in four female college students will be the victim of acquaintance rape at some time during four years of college making it the fastest growing crime against females in college institutions. However, because there are widespread false impressions among all college students that acquaintance rape does not exist, is not “really rape” or is not a serious crime, many believe that it is not as traumatic to the victim as rape by someone unknown to them. These erroneous beliefs often leave the victims of acquaintance rape more devastated than the rape action itself. The purpose of this paper is to examine the facts surrounding female acquaintance rape on college campuses and the role that crisis intervention techniques play in the recovery from an experience that many experts describe as crippling. The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Every two minutes someone in the United States is raped, and the chance of the victim being a female college student is four times greater than that of any...
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...360 CRIME AND ALCOHOL MCGLOTHLIN, W., COHEN, S., & MCGLOTHLIN, M. S. (1967). Long-lasting effects of LSD on normals. Archives of General Psychiatry, 17, 521–532. NASH, H. (1962). Alcohol and caffeine: A study of their psychological effects, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. ROE, A. (1946). Alcohol and creative work. Quarterly Journal of the Study of Alcohol, 415–467. TART, C. T. (1971). On being stoned. Palo Alto. CA: Science and Behavior Books. is complex (involving multiple factors in addition to alcohol), and that alcohol is often blamed without justification for criminal offenses. HOW OFTEN DOES DRINKING PRECEDE THE COMMISSION OF CRIMES? The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), an agency of the U.S. Department of Justice, reviewed the role alcohol played in crime by looking at convicted offender data from 1996 (Greenfield, 1998). On an average day in 1996, an estimated 5.3 million convicted offenders were under the supervision of criminal justice authorities. Nearly 40% of these offenders, about two million, had been using alcohol at the time of the offense for which they were convicted. Whether the offender was on probation or was incarcerated in a local jail or a state prison, offenders were about equally likely to have been drinking at the time of the crime. What they consumed was similar, with beer being the most commonly used alcoholic beverage: 30 percent of probationers, 32 percent of jail inmates, and 23 percent of state prisoners said that they had been drinking...
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