...and Parkinson’s Disease Kathleen Clark COM/155 August 11, 2013 Gregory Simon Although both chronic neurological diseases, Parkinson’s and Multiple Sclerosis differ as to their cause, effects on the body, and treatments. When thinking about these two diseases, one probably knows they are of the neurological type, but don’t understand how the two are different. Both of these disorders happen for completely different reasons. While both diseases can have effects on the body and treatments that seem similar, most are specific to the individual disease. It takes a combination of different types of therapies to combat the toll these diseases take on the body. The treatments can only help with the symptoms however, because both of these diseases have no cure. These two disorders do have some similar attributes, but are more different than alike. The causes for both Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) originate in the brain, but for different reasons. . Primary PD is attributed to a decrease in dopamine production in the part of the brain called the substantia nigra. The substantia nigra is part of a system of interconnecting nerve centers, called the basal ganglia, and a router called the thalamus. They are located in the core of the brain and brainstem that controls the coordination of the movement of muscles. The basal ganglia take in and process information, and the motor cortex sends the commands out for movement (Parkinson's Disease and NPH, 2013)....
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...speech by a brilliant actor, Michael J. Fox, not only signifies his strong attitude but also describes the most disheartening detail of the crucial Parkinson’s disease. Like Michael J. Fox, one could have a confident thought towards everything or a cold perspective. Once this disease is introduced in life, it is stuck there. Current research has revealed the causes, symptoms, and the most effective methods of treatment for this debilitating disease. Although there is no cure, advances have been made to give the patient a more quality life....
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...Huntington’s Disease Personal Reference: Down in the Neurology department sat four family members patiently waiting for what seems to be a never-ending check up. As the doctor’s office door peaked open my mother and aunt both walked out with despairing eyes. When I looked up the doctor was handing my mother a best-known neurologist information card. At that moment silence broke out amongst us, as we knew a whole new life experience was on our hands. At age 34 my Aunt Eve was diagnosed with Huntington’s disease. Background/Introduction: Huntington’s disease historical timeline indicates the first made known observation of the disease was by American physician George Huntington in 1872. Examining the symptoms and condition Dr. Huntington wrote a detailed account defining the hidden facts behind the disease. Yet it wasn’t until 1911 when Charles Davenport made major contributions in acknowledging and understanding the sings, symptoms and heritability of HD. The National Library of Medicine defines Huntington’s disease as a genetic degenerative disorder of neurons due to a defect in one part of the DNA. HD is recognized as a hereditary neurological disorder taking a devastating toll slowly diminishing an individual’s ability to speak, walk and reason. Because HD is a programmed genetic disorder its degeneration of nerve cells results in uncontrollable movements, emotional disturbance, and eventually memory loss. Signs: Early onset signs of HD typically trail...
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...Parkinson’s disease, sometimes abbreviated as “PD,” is a neurological degenerative disorder that of the central nervous system. It is a progressive disorder, which means that its symptoms worsen over time. The rate at which it progresses, however, varies from person to person. The disease itself is not fatal, but some of the more serious symptoms can cause complications that lead to death. It affects as many as one million people in the US. The average age of onset is around 60, but some people are diagnosed with it at age 40 or younger. The disease is named after an English doctor named James Parkinson, who was the first to extensively characterize it in 1817. Parkinson’s disease involves the breaking down or death of nerve cells in the brain, most notably in an area known as the substantia nigra. The substantia nigra, which is a Latin term for “black substance,” is a movement control center found in the midbrain as part of the basal ganglia. The substantia nigra has a high concentration of neurons that produce and release dopamine, a neurotransmitter that relays messages to other parts of the brain to control body movements. PD causes dopamine production to decrease, which in turn causes a loss of normal control over...
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...Terapia ocupaţională în boala Parkinson: intervenţia în sfera autoângrijirii Rezumat Boala Parkinson este o afecţiune lent progresivă degenerativă a sistemului nervos central. Este caracterizată prin tremor când muşchii sunt în repaus (tremor de repaus), creşterea tonusului muscular (rigiditate), lentoarea mişcărilor voluntare şi dificultate în menţinerea echilibrului (instabilitate posturală). Semnele şi simpotomele acestei boli duc la desfăşurarea cu dificultate de către pacienţi a activităţilor de auto-îngrijire (îmbrăcat, mâncat, spălat, îngrijire personală), precum şi a activităţilor din afara casei (cumpărături), a celor de la locul de muncă şi a celor de timp liber şi agrement. Terapia ocupaţională ajută pacienţii cu Parkinson să-şi îmbunătăţească capacitatea de a îndeplini sarcinile lor zilnice. Intervenţia constă în asistarea pacienţilor în dezvoltarea unei rutine în autoîngrijire, ţinând cont de limitările mobilităţii funcţionale, încurajarea pacienţilor să menţină maximul funcţional în activităţile zilnice pentru cât mai mult timp posibil, învăţarea de tehnici adaptative pentru a reduce tremorul. Cuvinte cheie: boală Parkinson, terapie ocupaţională, activităţi de autoângrijire Abstract Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. It is characterized by tremor when muscles are at rest (resting tremor), increased muscle tone (rigidity), slowness of voluntary movements, and difficulty maintaining...
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...Diseases are sometimes extremely devastating and cruel. Some diseases move very rapidly while others are slow and painful. Treatments are sometimes useful yet other times nothing can stop the silent beasts that lurk in the body. Parkinson’s disease is a slow moving disease that slowly corrupts the brain. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic motor disorder that causes tremors, rigidity, slowed body movements, unstable posture and abnormal gait. This happens when neurons, nerve cells, in a part or the brain called the substantial nigra gradually die. These cells normally produce dopamine, a chemical that helps relay messages between areas of the brain that control body movement. The death of the cells leads to abnormal low levels of dopamine, and causes difficulty in controlling muscle tension and muscle movement both at rest and during periods of activity. PD as of now affects about 500,000 Americans, with about 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year. It is generally a disease that affects people of late or middle age at about age 60 however about 5 percent of patients have early-onset PD and are younger than 40 years old when symptoms begin. PD is slightly more common in men then women. So far scientists have not determined the reason why some people develop PD and others do not. Some experts blame a process called oxidation. During oxidation unstable molecules that areproduced in the brain as a result of its normal chemical reactions which ultimately damage the brain. Another...
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...and in which the pain is usually limited to one side of the head Convulsion- a sudden, violent, irregular movement of a limb or of the body, caused by involuntary contraction of muscles and associated esp. with brain disorders such as epilepsy, the presence of certain toxins or other agents in the blood, or fever in children. Migraine headache- a recurrent throbbing headache that typically affects one side of the head and is often accompanied by nausea and disturbed vision. Multiple sclerosis- a chronic, typically progressive disease involving damage to the sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, whose symptoms may include numbness, impairment of speech and of muscular coordination, blurred vision, and severe fatigue. Neuroma- another term for neurofibrousa Paralysis- the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury. Tay sachs- disease (also known as GM2 gangliosidosis or hexosaminidase A deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Tension headache- headaches are the most common type of headaches among adults. They are commonly referred to as stress headaches Chapter 11 Chapter Assesment: Terms: Alzheimer’s disease- progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis- a progressive degeneration...
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...miraculous feats. Every hour, every minute, every second, millions of cells are working to maintain homeostasis within the body. This paper is going to focus on one type of cell in particular, the stem cell. The properties of this little cell are amazing. These unique cells self-regenerate through cell division, and in addition to being unspecialized, have the ability to develop into many different specialized cells of the body. Numerous studies have shown the potential of stem cells to cure cancers, as well as slow or reverse the damages of some neurological disorders, yet stem cell researchers have met with both public and legal resistance during their attempts to show the incredible usefulness of these cells. Therefore, the question is, with stem cell research showing the potential to reverse the damage from or slow the progression of neurological disorders, and possible cures for cancer and other diseases and disorders are the possible benefits too much to ignore? The ability to self-regenerate is one the things that makes the stem cell such an appealing area to study. Most cells and organs in the body do not have the ability to self-regenerate, nor self-repair but stem cells can do both. Stem cells themselves are unspecialized, in that they have so special function (Stem Cell Basics, 2009). Part of the beauty of the stem cell is that through cellular division, these unspecialized cells divide and give birth to daughter cells (Kochar, 2004). Stem cells are most...
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...Medtronic, Inc. Dana Lindley HCA459: Senior Project (BGM1046A Instructor: Kristin Akerele November 18, 2010 Medtronic, Inc. Is changing the face of chronic disease. By working closely with the physicians around the world, they create therapies to help patients do things they never thought possible. Their medical technologies help make it possible for millions of people to resume everyday activities, return to work, and live better, longer. They are able to do this with the help of some very special people around the world: 38,000 dedicated employees who share a passionate purpose to improve lives, thousands of medical professionals who share their insights and ideas, and hundreds of advocacy associations that help us share information so people with debilitating diseases know relief is possible. MEDTRONIC PURPOSE Medtronic is one of the largest medical technology companies that manufactures implantable biomedical devices, with sales in over 120 countries. The Company treats chronic diseases by offering products including bradycardia pacing, heart failure, atreal fibulation, coronary vascular disease, heart valve replacement, etc. They operate Cardiac Rhythm Disease Management, Spinal and Biologicals, CardioVascular, Neuromodulation, Diabetes, and Surgical Technologies. Medtronic, Inc. was founded in 1949 by Earl Bakken and his brother in law Palmer Hermundslie out of their garage in northeast Minneapolis, Minnesota. They...
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...all singled out, treated the same, and considered abnormal. Abnormal behavior cannot simply be defined into a single definition, with no definite line that can be crossed which separates whether someone on one side of the line has abnormal tendencies, with someone on the other side which is considered normal behavior. This paper focuses on Schizophrenia, a major mental illness, and will discuss and evaluate the symptoms, causes, and treatments which are currently being used. The human mind can be fragile, and there are many diseases and disorders that can affect it. Some may be serious while others are minor and barely recognizable. Schizophrenia is just one of those diseases which can encompass being both minor and serious. The definition for a mental illness is an illness that affects a person's mind, thoughts, emotions, personality, or behavior. Just like a physical illness, mental illness also shows symptoms that make it possible for the mental disorder or illness to be identified. Some of the recognizable symptoms can be extreme moods, sadness, anxiety, and inability to think clearly, or remember well. It does not mean, that just because a person may experience some of these symptoms, that she or he is suffering from a mental illness. Everyone at one point in their lives, or another, will not be able to think clearly, or be in a bad mood, this is part of human nature and is most likely just a passing mood that only lasts a few moments or weeks. It is when symptoms occur often...
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...all singled out, treated the same, and considered abnormal. Abnormal behavior cannot simply be defined into a single definition, with no definite line that can be crossed which separates whether someone on one side of the line has abnormal tendencies, with someone on the other side which is considered normal behavior. This paper focuses on Schizophrenia, a major mental illness, and will discuss and evaluate the symptoms, causes, and treatments which are currently being used. The human mind can be fragile, and there are many diseases and disorders that can affect it. Some may be serious while others are minor and barely recognizable. Schizophrenia is just one of those diseases which can encompass being both minor and serious. The definition for a mental illness is an illness that affects a person's mind, thoughts, emotions, personality, or behavior. Just like a physical illness, mental illness also shows symptoms that make it possible for the mental disorder or illness to be identified. Some of the recognizable symptoms can be extreme moods, sadness, anxiety, and inability to think clearly, or remember well. It does not mean, that just because a person may experience some of these symptoms, that she or he is suffering from a mental illness. Everyone at one point in their lives, or another, will not be able to think clearly, or be in a bad mood, this is part of human nature and is most likely just a...
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...all singled out, treated the same, and considered abnormal. Abnormal behavior cannot simply be defined into a single definition, with no definite line that can be crossed which separates whether someone on one side of the line has abnormal tendencies, with someone on the other side which is considered normal behavior. This paper focuses on Schizophrenia, a major mental illness, and will discuss and evaluate the symptoms, causes, and treatments which are currently being used. The human mind can be fragile, and there are many diseases and disorders that can affect it. Some may be serious while others are minor and barely recognizable. Schizophrenia is just one of those diseases which can encompass being both minor and serious. The definition for a mental illness is an illness that affects a person's mind, thoughts, emotions, personality, or behavior. Just like a physical illness, mental illness also shows symptoms that make it possible for the mental disorder or illness to be identified. Some of the recognizable symptoms can be extreme moods, sadness, anxiety, and inability to think clearly, or remember well. It does not mean, that just because a person may experience some of these symptoms, that she or he is suffering from a mental illness. Everyone at one point in their lives, or another, will not be able to think clearly, or be in a bad mood, this is part of human nature and is most likely just a passing mood that only lasts a few moments or weeks. It is when symptoms occur often...
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...PATHO Exam 3 Study Guide * Define KEY WORDS (terminology) listed in the syllabus * Answer the OUTCOMES in the syllabus as if they are questions * Review all Activities, Games, extra videos, journal articles, etc. posted in course contents * Review the handouts from class: case studies, matching, charts, etc. Normal Values | Intracranial pressure | 5-10 mm Hg | Blood glucose | 70-130 | Hgb A1c | <5.7% | Thyroid levels | | Parathyroid levels | | Types of bone cells | Osteoblasts | Bone forming cellsThey are responsible for bone growth and repair | Osteocytes | Osteoblasts that have become trapped, imprisoned within mineralized bone matrix (MATURE BONE CELLS) | Osteoclasts | Reabsorb or remove bone during growth and repair (also assist in the release of calcium and phosphate)**bone reabsorption; bone destroying cells | *So, if one is immobilized then the osteoclastic activity is greater than the osteoblastic activity in bone marrow decreases. This is why we have debone mineralization during immobilization. Maintenance of bone integrity | This occurs through remodeling and it is a 3 phase process where existing bone is resorbed and new bone is laid down [repairs bone, does not heal bones] | Phase 1 | Activation phaseThis is where a stimulus occurs, such as a weight baring exercise, causing the formation of osteoclasts | Phase 2 | Resorption This is where osteoclasts form a cutting zone and resorb or remove bone | Phase 3 | Formation...
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...A kid with Hepatitis A can return to school 1 week within the onset of jaundice. 2. After a patient has dialysis they may have a slight fever...this is normal due to the fact that the dialysis solution is warmed by the machine. 3. Hyperkalemia presents on an EKG as tall peaked T-waves 4. The antidote for Mag Sulfate toxicity is ---Calcium Gluconate 5. Impetigo is a CONTAGEOUS skin disorder and the person needs to wash ALL linens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their hands frequently and avoid contact. positive sweat test. indicative of cystic fibrosis 1. Herbs: Black Cohosh is used to treat menopausal symptoms. When taken with an antihypertensive, it may cause hypotension. Licorice can increase potassium loss and may cause dig toxicity. 2. With acute appendicitis, expect to see pain first then nausea and vomiting. With gastroenitis, you will see nausea and vomiting first then pain. 3. If a patient is allergic to latex, they should avoid apricots, cherries, grapes, kiwi, passion fruit, bananas, avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes and peaches. 4. Do not elevate the stump after an AKA after the first 24 hours, as this may cause flexion contracture. 5. Beta Blockers and ACEI are less effective in African Americans than Caucasians. 1. for the myelogram postop positions. water based dye (lighter) bed elevated. oil based dye heavier bed flat. 2.autonomic dysreflexia- elevated bed first....then check foley...
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