...disorders. Bipolar Disorder is a disease thought to be caused by changes in the chemistry of the brain. The symptoms and severity of the condition can vary, but with the proper treatment, Bipolar Disorder symptoms can be managed. Amongst the more than five million adults in America who have Bipolar Disorder, these “mood swings” can be extreme or frequent. These changes in mood aren’t as simple as transitioning from “happy” to “sad.” With Bipolar Disorder, symptoms can include both a lowering of mood (depression) and an exaggerated elevation of mood (mania). These changes occur in cycles and are referred to as “episodes.” People with Bipolar Disorder experience extreme mood swings that can take three different forms: manic, depressive, and mixed episodes. On average, people with Bipolar Disorder spend ten years seeking treatment before finally getting diagnosed. One survey found that as many as 70% of people with Bipolar Disorder are initially diagnosed with a different condition. Often, this is because...
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...described as a low, sad state in which life is a dark, challenging, overwhelming place to be. There will be many people that will go through a depressive stage some point in their life and be able to move past it. However, there are people that are unable to move past this part in their life and will have depression for most of their life and can be diagnosed as having unipolar depression. Others can suffer from mania. Mania is the complete opposite of depression where a person has extreme excitement and euphoria about life. Then there is a small group of people that suffer from mania and depression known as bipolar disorder. Unipolar Disorder Between 5 and 10 percent of adults in the United States will suffer from severe unipolar depression. Women are twice as likely to experience severe depression then men (Comer, 2005). Depression not only affects a person emotionally, but can affect a person behaviorally, cognitively, physically, and motivationally. Many people will feel sad, gloomy, dark, miserable, and empty when they are experiencing an episode of depression. These episodes can affect daily act ivies because a person will not have a desire to want to do anything and would rather stay in bed all day and do nothing at all. A person can neglect family, friends, social events and even neglect to eat while going through a depressive episode. Suicide is a...
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...depression: Biological/endogenous & psychological/reactive depression. Based on this assumption an endogenous depression would only respond to a pharmacological treatment while a psychological depression would only respond to psychological treatment (Free & Oei, 1989). Further we will evaluate the effectiveness of a combined (cognitive-behavioural therapy and antidepressant) intervention in order to achieve a better outcome on treatment of depression. Depression is one of the most common illnesses and is characterised by symptoms such as loss of energy, sadness, difficulty in concentration and in the most serious cases the patient can contemplate or commit suicide. Research found that women are more likely to suffer from depression, with depressive episodes more probable to occur between 25 to 44 years old (Kalat, 2001). In 1980, The American Psychiatric Association published a manual that comes to categorise depression into two main types and this categorisation is based on the severity of the symptoms experienced by the patient. On the nonmajor depression type, symptoms are more discrete and treatment with antidepressants are not approved by Food and Drug Administration(FDA) while on Major...
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...Hannah Wolf Brandon Brook Michalik English 102 25 March 2014 Sadness/Depression Sadness and depression may seem similar in a lot of people’s eyes, however they both have a very different meaning. Sadness is the feeling of sorrow or grief. Being sad is more of a mood while depression is a clinical problem. Depression has a deeper meaning than sadness. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, categorizes depression as someone who is in a depressed mood and has a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities for more than two weeks. People who are depressed often feel like there is no way out and that is why depression can often lead to suicide. Some people may mistake sadness and depression for the same thing because they do have similarities. Sadness is often how depression starts out. Sadness can also be associated with grief. Grief is the response to a loss of someone and is associated with sadness. More people should look at sadness and grief as the same instead of sadness and depression. To know if you have depression, a diagnostic needs to be made by pointing out symptoms. Dr. Kramer believes that there are nine symptoms; if you have five out of those nine then you are depressed. The symptoms include: depressed mood, hard time having fun, no energy, can’t sleep, eating a lot, no desire for physical activity, feeling worthless, can’t concentrate, suicidal thoughts (Valiunas). All of those may seem like signs of just being...
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...Major Depressive Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Argosy University Abnormal Psychology Brandy Rhodes 12/08/11 Abstract: Major depression disorder is a wide and complex disorder than many Americans suffer from. This paper will review the research and material of major depression disorder and the effective treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy. Although there are several types of therapy available to treat depression and other mood disorders, CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) has been one of the most widely used and thought to be very effective in treating the disorder. First the paper will review what the disorder is and the criteria needed to diagnosis one with major depressive disorder and then we will take a look at how CBT helps the client overcome the signs and symptoms of the disorder. Lastly the paper will follow up with why CBT is thought to effective with treating major depressive disorder. Major Depressive Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Many clients’ that are seen in today’s clinics suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD) which is one of the most common disorders. “Major depressive disorder has a life time prevalence of 15.8 % (Mor and Haran, 2009). Many times MDD is characterized by early onset with development occurring throughout the life span. MDD is a disorder characterized by extreme depressed mood that lasts at least 2 weeks and includes cognitive symptoms such as feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and indecisiveness;...
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...To Talk or to Medicate. To Talk or to Medicate Tierra Owens Dr. Akenburg PSY 492 801 October 6, 2013 To Talk or To Medicate On a daily basis I deal with homeless veterans who have served in the military for our country. Each day I face many difficulties, but no difficulty could ever measure up to the difficulties the homeless veterans in my program face. Each day I look over charts of veterans who have been diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and many of the co-diagnosed with extensive Substance Abuse issues as well and I ask myself “was this abuse to ease the pain? The veterans I serve has spent years in a military only to come home to a world who looks down on them because they are no longer normal and find it very hard to adjust to the civilian world due to the imagines stained on their brain from the world. In the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, about one in ten returning soldiers seen in VA have a problem with alcohol or other drugs (Veteran Affairs 2012). As human service provider I witness this co diagnosis of PTSD ( Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and SUD (Substance Abuse Disorder) daily and it has encouraged me to form a opinion. After some deep thought I would like to look into the efficiency of the treatment prescribed to solders suffering from PTSD and which is more effective. In this paper I will be looking Cognitive behavioral therapy offered when trying to treat PTSD and SUD . On the other hand I will like to...
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...Depression There are many people being diagnosed with depression, mood and anxiety disorders each year. What causes this? What symptoms would indicate a mood disorder? What are some treatment methods for such disorders? In this essay I will be discussing unipolar and bipolar disorders in detail; what is the difference between them, available treatment methods for individuals who suffer from these illnesses and signs and symptoms that might possibly happen. According to R.J Comer, (Fundamentals of abnormal psychology, 2005, 4th ed. Chapter 7) Unipolar is described as an individual who has “no history of mania and returns to a normal or nearly normal mood when their depression lifts. Bipolar is described as individuals who experience periods of mania that alternates with periods of depression.” Any kind of anxiety, stress, and/or depression can alternate a person’s ability to function in normal daily activities. Meaning an individual may or may not be able to get out of bed, go into public, or interact with others. What are the causes of such disorders? It could be that a person has been through a traumatic event in their life such as, a disaster, losing a job, divorce, rape, or substance abuse, etc. When such life’s events happen a person can withdraw themselves almost as if they have lost their way and cannot figure out how to deal with such crisis, that things just keep building up on top of each other and never truly heal the root cause. This cycle can go on allowing for...
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...How many of you are going through depression? Or do you have friends or family members who are going through depression? Today I will talk about depression. I will talk about the background, the causes of this disease, the symptoms and finally, the treatment and prevention of depression. Many people around the world become depressed at some point in their lives. Whether it is financial or marital problems, we all encounter depression to some degree. In many circumstances these feelings affect one’s ability to live a normal productive life. When the condition worsens professional help is needed. What is depression? Depression is a mood disorder that makes you feel sad or hopeless for a period of time. Depression can have a impact on the enjoyment of your life, your work, your health and to the people who care about you the most. Depression affects people differently. Some people fee down for a period of time and others feelings come and go. If you have short term depression you are still able to work and take care of your daily activities. But if you have a long period of depression and don’t seek any kind of treatment, you are more at risk of becoming even more depressed or become physically ill. Studies have shown that depression negatively impacts one’s ability to perform tasks of all nature, no matter how large or miniscule they may be. A number of doctors have suggested that depression is an “evolutionary adaptation” (Mental Health Association.) Mainly defined as (paraphrased)...
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...Chapter 3 Review Questions 1. What aspects of a person’s life are included in mental health?: They have high self esteem and feel good about themselves, they are realistic and accept imperfections in themselves and others, they are altruistic; they help others, they have a sense of control over their lives and feel capable of meeting challenges and solving problems, they demonstrate social competence in their relationships with other people and they believe that they can rely on them, they are not overwhelmed by fear, love, or anger; they try to control irrational thoughts and levels of stress. They are optimistic; they maintain a positive outlook, they have a capacity for intimacy; they do not fear commitment, they are creative and appreciate creativity in others, they take reasonable risks in order to grow, they bounce back from adversity. 2. What are the six “virtues” identified in the text, and how are they defined? (1) Wisdom and knowledge: cognitive strengths that entail the acquisition and use of knowledge. (2) Courage: emotional strengths that involve the exercise of will to accomplish goals in the face of opposition, external or internal. (3) Humanity: interpersonal strengths that involve “tending and befriending” others. (4) Justice: civic strengths that underlie healthy community life. (5) Temperance: strengths that protect against excess. (6) Transcendence: strengths that forge connections to the larger universe and provide meaning. 3. What are some of...
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...Running Head: DEPRESSION IN THE ADOLESCENT ONCOLOGY PATIENT 1 Depression in the Adolescent Oncology Patient: A Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis Joliette Tiffany Grice University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of N5327 Section 400 Analysis of Theories in Nursing Ronda Mintz-Binder, DNP, RN June 10th, 2012 Depression in the Adolescent Oncology Patient: A Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis We all go through up and downs in our mood, sadness is a normal reaction to life’s trials and tribulations. Many people use the word depression to explain these feelings, but depression is much more than just a feeling of sadness. According to Mosby’s Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary (2002), depression is an abnormal emotional state characterized by exaggerated feelings of sadness, melancholy, dejection, worthlessness, emptiness, and hopelessness that are inappropriate and out of proportion to reality. Depression may be expressed in a wide spectrum of affective, physiologic, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations. A depressed teenager may be hostile, grumpy, or may easily lose his or her temper. Unexplained aches and pains are also common symptoms of depression in young people. The adolescent oncology patient may suffer from all of these symptoms due to the life altering circumstances that a cancer diagnosis brings. However, due to side effects of treatment...
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...in mind… I feel we will need to first discuss what Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders are not. Notice the comparison in the symptoms. In the description of the disorders discussed below. They have been commonly confused with”depression” or some might say having “the blues”. People who are depressed often are tired, have feelings of hopelessness, unable to concentrate, their weight fluctuates and many have changes in their sleep pattern. These symptoms typically last up to two weeks. ("Brain Physics .com", 2011) MOOD DISORDERS Depression, Unipolar and Bipolar disorder are all mood disorders ("University Of Maryland Medical Center (ummc)", 2011), and are closely related they are not the same. Unipolar Disorder also known as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or more commonly known as Clinical Depression and one of the most serious cases of depression. The symptoms typically, last more than 2 or 3 weeks, and interfere with normal life. The symptoms include but are not limited to difficulty socializing, , going to work, or feeling happy at all, loss of appetite; a general loss of interest for everything. There aren’t any episodes of mania as with Bipolar disorder, discussed below. ("Brain Physics .com", 2011). Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders Bipolar Disorder is also known as “manic depression”, which is highly elevated mood swings, either extreme highs (mania) or extreme lows (depression). The mania could mean that the person...
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...Psychological Disorder Analysis Rosemary Scheel Creeden PSY/270 Heather Hensell July 21, 2012 Today I had a session with a woman named Marla, who is a 42-year-old Hispanic female. She came to my mental health clinic complaining of having trouble sleeping, feeling “jumpy all of the time,” and experiencing an inability to concentrate. These symptoms are causing problems for her at work, where she is an accountant. When I first met Marla I did a patient intake and asked her some questions about her life. I did this in hopes of gaining a better understanding of the root of Marla’s difficulties, what she might be suffering from, and how I could better help her. “Since ancient times, people have tried to explain, treat, and study abnormal behavior,” (Comer, 2011). My first question for Marla was why she decided to seek treatment. Marla told me that she had tried to wait and see if things would get better, but she was becoming very sleep deprived, and she was worried that she would get in trouble at work because of her fatigue and lack of concentration. I asked her how she thought therapy would help her or improve her symptoms. She said that she wasn’t quite sure but that maybe I could help her identify what was causing these symptoms so that she could find some relief. This led me to ask her how she described herself now compared to her current self. She told me that her ideal self was energetic, attentive, and not so edge. She aimed to excel at work...
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...Assignment: Clinical Assessment If only knowing that Mr. and Mrs. Lawson’s 4-year-old adopted daughter was throwing fits, not sleeping or eating like she use to, and that their daughter does not want to go back to preschool I would have to ask several questions. I would want to know how their daughter acted before they notice the behavioral change. I would ask why Clara (daughter) was put up for adoption, what type of adoption place was she living in, and for how long was Clara in the adoption home before they adopted her. I would want to know about the biological parents, and I would also ask Mr. and Mrs. Lawson’s how they were before the adoption, if there has been any changes lately in their home. I would then ask questions about the preschool Clara goes to, and I would ask about her teachers. I would like to know if Clara does this in class, and if she does I would want to know how the teacher handles Clara. I would also want to know exactly how her sleeping and eating patterns have changed. During the interview I would want Clara to be comfortable and I would offer some toys, or coloring books to keep her busy while talking to her parents. I also feel I could see with my own eyes on how Clara acts while playing. After I completed the interview I would explain to the Lawson’s that there were a few test I would like to do with Clara. I would want to do a projective, and drawing test with Clara. The projective...
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...Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression Your Name Here BEH 225 Date Teacher Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression One very common type of psychological disorder is depression. “Depression is a mood disorder that is characterized by sadness, loss of interest in activities and perhaps excessive guilt or feelings of worthlessness.” (Morris & Maisto, 2010, p. 398). Depression is the most common type of mood disorder. Most individuals who suffer from depression feel as though they do everything wrong and feel like they are a failure at life. They also tend to blame themselves for their problems. People who suffer from depression often lose interest in sex and food and are also likely to suffer from insomnia. They also have problems concentrating and suffer from short term memory loss. It is normal to be sad occasionally, but this is different from being clinically depressed. When there is a disturbance in mood that is a normal reaction or the disturbance does not last very long, there is no cause to worry; however, when it is long lasting and it is not a normal reaction it is classified as a mood disorder. Depression is mainly diagnosed by a person’s self-reported experiences or the person’s friends or relative’s voiced concerns. This then prompts a physician to do a mental examination to determine if the person is indeed depressed. After a family history is done, and the doctor is aware of the patient’s symptoms, the physician may ask the patient different questions and...
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...There are many people being diagnosed with depression, mood and anxiety disorders each year. What causes this? What symptoms would indicate a mood disorder? What are some treatment methods for such disorders? In this essay I will be discussing unipolar and bipolar disorders in detail; what is the difference between them, available treatment methods for individuals who suffer from these illnesses and signs and symptoms that might possibly happen. According to R.J Comer, (Fundamentals of abnormal psychology, 2005, 4th ed. Chapter 7) Unipolar is described as an individual who has “no history of mania and returns to a normal or nearly normal mood when their depression lifts. Bipolar is described as individuals who experience periods of mania that alternates with periods of depression.” Any kind of anxiety, stress, and/or depression can alternate a person’s ability to function in normal daily activities. Meaning an individual may or may not be able to get out of bed, go into public, or interact with others. What are the causes of such disorders? It could be that a person has been through a traumatic event in their life such as, a disaster, losing a job, divorce, rape, or substance abuse, etc. When such life’s events happen a person can withdraw themselves almost as if they have lost their way and cannot figure out how to deal with such crisis, that things just keep building up on top of each other and never truly heal the root cause. This cycle can go on allowing for the individual...
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