...Task 211.4.4-01-05, 07-09, 11 Nervous System Organization of Nerve Tissue Lab Exercise 1: The Multipolar Neuron A. What is the function of a neuron? Neurons carry and transmit electrical impulses generated by both internal and external stimuli. B. What is the difference between a neuron and a nerve? Neurons are the cells that exchange messages from the internal and external environments. Nerves consist of many neurons that transmit different signals to the brain. They form structural and functional units of the nervous system made up of neurons. C. What gives a multipolar neuron its name? It is named multipolar because of the multiple branches, processes, and extensions that stem off the cell bodies. D. What are the functions of the dendrites and axons? Dendrites receive incoming signals for the nerve cell. Axons carry outgoing signals of the cells to other cells in the body. Exercise 2: Structures of selected neurons A. Which slide contained bipolar neurons? The pyramidal cell slide. B. Which slide contained unipolar neurons? The dorsal root ganglion slide. C. What was unique about the dorsal root ganglion compared to the other two slides? The dorsal root ganglion was more round in shape compared to the perkinje and pyramidal cell slides. The nissle substance, nucleus, and satellite cells...
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...discipline of psychology, there are several perspectives used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior. Describe three major psychological perspectives and name at least one leading theorist for each. There are several perspectives used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior within the discipline of psychology. To begin with one of the perspectives is the behaviorist perspective. Behaviorism is different from most other approaches because behaviorism is concerned with how environmental factors affect observable behavior. The leading theorist for behaviorism was Ivan Pavlov. Second physiological perspective is the psychodynamic perspective; this perspective takes an approach on the inner mental process. The leading theorist of this perspective was Wilhelm Wundt. Part II: Research Methods Provide a brief overview of some of the research methods used by psychologists. Include strengths and weaknesses of each method discussed. One of the research methods used by psychologist is correlational research. This type of research determines the relations between two or more variables. Another research method is descriptive research; this research usually describes the occurrence being studied. Usually information is gathered and statistics are then used to analyze the data. The third research method used by psychologist is experimental research. This research focuses on relationships between variables. Experimental research concerns what extent a particular...
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...com/question/view/41056/ALT1-Anatomy-and-Physiology-Labs-WGU-All-3-Labs ALT1 Labs Part 1 1. A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium. 2. 1. A. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints? 2. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important? 3. 1. A. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar? 2. 1. A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? 2. 1. A. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? 2. A. Which synovial joint is most movable? 3. 1. A. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? 2. 1. A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why? 2. Hinge joints like the knee’s or elbow have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury? 3. 1. A. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior part of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior part of the arm) as this action is performed? 2. 4. ALT1 Labs Part 2 5. 6. Organization of Nerve Tissue Lab The Multipolar Neuron 1. A. What is the function of a neuron? What is the difference between a neuron and a nerve? 2. A. What gives a multipolar neuron its name? 3. B. What are the functions of the dendrites and axons? Exercise 2: Structures of selected...
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...plays in behavior, and the links between the brain and the body. How the brain functions and how the body reacts or how it behaves to the activity of the brain. Biopsychology has also been called the mind-body connection. 2. What is the historical development of biological psychology? The historical development of biopsychology is traced as far back as the ancient Greek era. It became the Roman church who dictated much of the human behavior according to their religious beliefs. After the Dark Ages subsided a new way of thinking was born and this period is called the Renaissance era. With this era came new ways of studying things, ways to see things by observing them and this was how modern science was founded. 3. Name one of the three important theorists associated with biological psychology. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) was a French philosopher but also the one the first to conclude that the Universe was made up of two elements. One of which was the physical matter or the human body, and the other was the soul, spirit, self, or the human mind. 4. Describe the relationship between biological psychology and other fields in psychology and neuroscience. Whether it is the study of biopsychology and other fields of psychology or neuroscience, all psychologists and scientists are trying to understand the functions of the brain. The body and mind connection and how it reacts to certain behaviors or illnesses. 5. Describe the major underlying assumption of...
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...The mind-body relationship 1) Introduction Throughout the texts, the mind-body relationship is described as a new way of understanding the human being. In the first text, we hear about a girl, Melissa, who is trying to get pregnant but is having a hard time. Because of this, she signs up for a 10-week mind-body program, which should have a positive influence on her situation. The program is focusing on helping people like Melissa to get pregnant, by reducing their stress through different exercises. It was not just a coincidence that Melissa got pregnant after joining the course, according to the text. Studies have shown, that in some cases relieving distress can help improve your chances of conception. In the second text, the author discusses the medical effects of a positive relationship between doctors and patients. In this case, the mind-body relationship is represented as a replacement of or a supplement to medical treatments. It appears, that patients who have a good and trusting relationship with their doctors often get better clinical results, because they feel more comfortable and therefore have more courage to confess e.g. personal issues. The text by Steven Pinker focuses on the relation between our common sense and our best science. It talks about how, as humans, we see something and perceive it to be different than the truth, as defined by science. This story also reflects upon the effect of Prozac, which is the so called “happy-drug.” Some people think it is...
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...Many would argue between the existence of the mind-body. One may say that the mind and body are two separate entities with distinct characteristics (Dualism). While on the other hand, some may say that there exists only one entity (Monism). The mind represents mental processes such as thoughts and consciousness. The body represents physical aspects of the brain, such as neurons and the formality of the brain. The debate over the mind-body existence have been constant through the teachings and influences of intelligent philosophers. Rene Descartes’ Meditation on First Philosophy, he states that there exists two different entities the mind and body and that they both interact with each other. Gilbert Ryle’s The Concept of Mind critiques Descartes’...
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...Describe the characteristics and signs of high-quality education in elementary school. Describe the U.S. No Child Left behind Act, and discuss the pros and cons of high- stakes testing. High quality education in elementary schools depends on different things, first the class size, a class of no larger than 18 is the perfect size so that each child can get the quality education that is needed. The physical setting of the class is also important such as an activity center, for reading, writing, games, working on computers and playing the child needs that perfect setting to learn. The curriculum is also important; it plays a part in helping the children achieve their academic standards and helps them to understand what they are learning. Daily activities is also important, it helps the children become independent while having small group with their class mates. Groups are put together based on the children’s learning needs. The children are evaluated regularly and given a progress report through written observations that help children and parents decide on how to improve in what areas that needs improvement. Seeking information on from parents on how they children are learning includes the parent’s view’s in evaluation and the teacher parent relationship , such as holding conferences to encourage parents and encouraging parents to visit the classroom anytime and become involved. The attitude of the staff is very important, when you walk into a school...
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...examination of arguments against type physicalism. I then describe how arguments against type physicalism tend to rely on the ontological distinction between system and observer. Next, I show that this distinction is purely conceptual and dissolves when phenomenality is analyzed from a second-order cybernetic perspective. Within this context, type physicalism remains a tenable solution to the mind-body problem so long as an isomorphic mapping between physical and psychological processes is possible. Introduction The motivation for type physicalism stems from empirical evidence of pervasive and systematic psychoneural correlations, that is, correlations between mental phenomena and brain processes. These correlations are systematic enough to allow scientists to successfully sense, transmit, analyze, and apply the language of neurons using an assortment of sophisticated imaging techniques and brain-computer interfaces. For instance, in 2003, Dr. Miguel Nicolelis, associate professor of neurobiology at the Duke University Medical Center, used a brain-computer interface system to successfully filter and utilize motor command impulses from the electrical activity of a primate brain to operate a robotic arm in real time. Foxborough-based Cyberkinetics Neurotechnology Systems, Inc., founded by John Donoghue, followed up this achievement by developing similar implantable brain-computer interface that proved capable of translating human thought into controlled cursor and even robotic arm...
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...used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior. The seven major perspectives in modern psychology are psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitive, neuroscientific/biopsychological, evolutionary, and sociocultural. Describe the perspectives, using two to three sentences each. Select one major figure associated with one of the perspectives and describe his or her work in two to three sentences. Type your response in the space below. Part II: Research Methods Describe research methods used in psychology by completing the following table. Then, select two of the research methods, and compare and contrast them. Your response must be at least 75 words. MethodPurposeStrengthsWeaknessesExampleExperimentalto create and collect evidence to confirm or disprove a hypothesisreplicateartificialityWhen doing an experiment if the procedure is not done properly it can cause artificiality within the project but if done correctly it will replicate between test.DescriptivecollectiondataconfidentialityDuring surveys people may have the tendency to lie which weakens the purpose but having the data from the survey strengthens your purpose.CorrelationalTo determine something existA much easier process less rigorousIt shows the weakness between two variablesIts like if the number of people who like chipotle increases and the number of baseball fans increases does this imply a relationship between the twoBiological Part III: The Brain Studying...
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...physicalism are two philosophical entities that attempt to explain reality with regards to the mind and body relationship. Physicalism dimension is normally taken to be synonymous with materialism. The two entities perceive the relationship between the mind and body from different perspectives which brings about their differences. Dualism for instance, which is derived from the concept “duo” , meaning two, holds the view of the mind/body relationship from a duality perspective. It sees the two entities as being different from each other. Dualists believe that the mind and the body cannot be reduced to be the same thing because doing so will ultimately lead to the deviation of the true meaning of reality. Their focus is aimed at critical analysis of the perspectives that normally bring the differences between the mind and the body. The body is a physical reality. The brain which is part of the body is not equivalent to the mind. Physical manipulation of the brain can be achieved to attain its well-being. For example, surgery can be done to the brain if it is malfunctioning to enhance its efficiency. On the contrary, complex processes which are not physical in nature are normally used to heal mental illnesses. One of the major proponents of this perspective is Rene Descartes. Physicalism is a philosophical entity that holds the view that reality as perceived by human mind does not go beyond the observable things. This term was coined by Otto Nuerath. According to physicalists...
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...Worksheet Part I: Origins of Psychology Within the discipline of psychology, there are several perspectives used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior. The seven major perspectives in modern psychology are psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitive, neuroscientific/biopsychological, evolutionary, and sociocultural. Describe the seven major psychological perspectives using two to three sentences each. Select one major figure associated with one of the seven major perspectives and describe his or her work in two to three sentences. Type your response in the space below. The seven major perspectives in modern psychology are: Psychoanalytical Psychology is a study of theories about the relationship between the past conscious and unconscious mental processes. Behaviorist Psychology emphasized objective, observable environmental influences on overt behavior. Humanistic Psychology is the study of free will. It is the study of voluntary and involuntary or reflex behavior. This is the fight or flight and survival of the fittest theory. Cognitive Psychology emphasizes thoughts, perception, and information processing. It is the study of how we view things in everyday life and how they affect us. Neuroscientific/Biopsychological examines behavior study of the brain. How the brain processes information electrically and which part of the brain processes the information. Evolutionary Psychology is a study of natural selection and the way we grow and adapt...
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...In this case study, Gazzaniga, M.S and Roger W. Sperry studied the split-brain individuals. The researchers were exploring how far can the two halves of the human brain be able to function on their own, and if they could have separate and unique abilities. If we were to study each side of the brain separately, we would have to surgically cut the corpus callosum, which is what connects and communicates the information between the two hemispheres of your brain. In some cases of extreme epilepsy or seizures, this surgery turned out to be successful and they were called “split-brain” patients. The researches wanted to know if the information traveling between the two halves of your brain were to be interrupted, would the right side of your body...
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...article: Evolution of the human body size Target Article Grabowski, Mark et al. 'Body Mass Estimates Of Hominin Fossils And The Evolution Of Human Body Size'. Journal of Human Evolution 85 (2015): 75-93. The article outlines the evolution of the human body size from unique fossils research technique. There was not research processed in last two eras in hominin body size. Since then, tremendous amount of fossils had been discovered and developing technology has improved the method to research and can discover more from the fossils. The cutting edge methodology shows that early hominins were slightly smaller than the previous species. One of the discover that we can say from this research is that we make the assumption...
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...theory? What is a primate life history pattern? What is the relationship between brain size and life history? Life history theory is a branch of biology that analyzes the selective forces that have managed the evolution of the schedule and duration of key events in an organism’s lifetime related to investments in growth, reproduction, and survivorship (Bogin, O’Rourke and Stinson 547). The reason that there are differences between major events in species related to growth, maintenance, and reproduction is because each species employs different evolutionary strategies to increase reproductive fitness. Each species has a unique life history; this is a pattern of how it distributes its finite energy between five different phases: Growth, development, raising its young, staying alive, and reproduction. The assumptions that underlie life history theory are not complicated, but are simple and impactful: There is limited time and there is limited energy, so this energy must be distributed among growth, reproduction, and survivorship recognizing the trade-offs that cannot be avoided. Primates have a unique life history pattern that is different from other orders of mammals. Relative to other mammals primates have: a longer gestation period, fewer offspring overall, more care given to each individual offspring, infants that are born developmentally advanced, a longer period of parental dependency, a strong bond between mother and child. After the infancy stage relative to other...
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...As a paleontologist, Neil Shubin has spent most of his life time working on fish. In this book, Shubin strongly talks about the relationship between fish and vertebrate land creature. It emphasizes on three main parts. The first part is the similarity of the body shape and body function between fish and vertebrate land creature. The second part is about microbiology. It explains human are the product of a succession of life forms from an original cell. The last is the relationship and transition between fish and amphibians. “Our hands resemble fossil fins, our heads are organized like those of long-extinct jawless fish and major parts of our genomes still look and function like those of worms and bacteria.” said Neil Shubin. As Shubin states...
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