...Online Robotic Surgery: Exploring Cutting Edge Synergistic Revolution in the Field of Mechatronics Abstract - Changing world, increasing demands of our versatile environment had made vital for the technologies like Mechatronics in concomitant with MEMS to emerge in the field of medical. New developments in these traditional disciplines are being absorbed into mechatronics design at an ever-increasing pace. This paper reports the preliminary work in the field of mechatronics and various paragon of this rapid adaptation of technologies to design surgical robots. With the ongoing information in technology revolution, especially in wireless communication, smart sensors design (enabled by MEMS technology), and embedded systems engineering, mechatronics design is going through another step change in capabilities and its scope. Finally, mechatronics can serve in surgeries and can save the lives of people. Approach to prototype this thought and to enhance the importance of the same, will also be explained and clarified in the paper. KEY WORDS: Robotic surgery, Mechatronics, SYSTEM ACCURACY Orthopaedics I. Introduction to Mechatronics As Technology advances, designs those were once purely mechanical turn into electromechanical with help of field and technologies like robotics, which is also a result of Mechatronics. The term is used for a wide variety of applications. Mechatronics is attracting more and more attention. Sometimes it is even used for applications...
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...Rehabilitation robotics Marko Munih and Tadej Bajd∗ Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Abstract. The paper presents the background, main achievements and components of rehabilitation robotics in a simple way, using non-technical terms. The introductory part looks at the development of robotic approaches in the rehabilitation of neurological patients and outlines the principles of robotic device interactions with patients. There follows a section on virtual reality in rehabilitation. Hapticity and interaction between robot and human are presented in order to understand the added value of robotics that cannot be exploited in other devices. The importance of passive exercise and active tasks is then discussed using the results of various clinical trials, followed by the place of upper and lower extremity robotic devices in rehabilitation practice. The closing section refers to the general importance of measurements in this area and stresses quantitative measurements as one of the advantages in using robotic devices. Keywords: Robot, haptic interface, virtual reality, measurement 1. Introduction The application of robotic approaches in neurological patient rehabilitation was introduced almost two decades ago [1]. Even though the number of robotic rehabilitation systems is large, the number of clinical trials remains quite limited. In fact, it is not yet clear what characteristics should be incorporated in a therapeutic robotic assistant platform...
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...Robotics and its Progression Through History (Intro) Robotics has played a big part in the progression of the 21st century. Robots are used to do everyday things in your household, such as make coffee, but can also be made to accomplish more challenging tasks such as work in assembly lines that create automobiles and machinery. Some examples of simpler robots are the automatic vacuum robot, the coffee machine, and the basic alarm clock. Robots have changed a lot over time, starting with the most facile designs such as a coffee makers or a microwave, going all the way to robotic arms that manufacture products with ease. You should expect that sooner rather than later we will have created robots that are more practical for individual care. (Past...
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...1. INTRODUCTION Just as computers revolutionized the latter half of the 20th century, the field of robotics has the potential to equally alter how we live in the 21st century. We've already seen how robots have changed the manufacturing of cars and other consumer goods by streamlining and speeding up the assembly line. We even have robotic lawn mowers and robotic pets. And robots have enabled us to see places that humans are not yet able to visit, such as other planets and the depths of the ocean. In the coming decades, we may see robots that have artificial intelligence. Some, like Honda's ASIMO (Fig 1) robot, will resemble the human form. They may eventually become self-aware and conscious, and be able to do anything that a human can. When we talk about robots doing the tasks of humans, we often talk about the future, but robotic surgery is already a reality. Doctors around the world are using sophisticated robots to perform surgical procedures on patients. While robotic surgery systems are still relatively uncommon, several hospitals around the world have bought robotic surgical systems. These systems have the potential to improve the safety and effectiveness of surgeries. But the systems also have some drawbacks. It's still a relatively young science and it's very expensive. Some hospitals may be holding back on adopting the technology. Robotic surgery is the use of robots in performing surgery. Three major advances aided by surgical robots have been remote surgery, minimally...
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...were established early on and eventually formed the basis of “The Hippocratic Oath”, which is still relevant to the modern surgeon. We are now in a place in history where robots are being used to assist with surgical procedures that were once only conceivably done by human hands. This paper seeks to detail this evolution as well as describe current and future applications of robotics in the surgery and the ethical implications inherit with this technology. This report will also attempt to identify and discuss the complex legal, political, and cultural issues that have also evolved with this science. A review of the literature was undertaken using Medline. Articles describing the history and development of surgical robots were identified as were articles reporting data on applications. This most recent development in surgical advancement has infinite potential but it is also accompanied by same ethical dilemmas that ancient surgeons were faced with. ------------------------------------------------- Robot Assisted Surgery: The Evolution of the Surgeon and the Operating Room The proliferation of robotics in many of today’s industries has had a significant economic and social impact upon our modern world. The economical impact is easy to...
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...Industrial Robots and Engineering systems Task 2 One Japanese manufacturer, by installing a flexible manufacturing system, has reduced the number of machines in one facility from 68 to 18, the number of employees from 215 to 12, space requirements from 103000 square feet to 30000 and processing time from 35 days to a 1.5 days. “Ford has poured $4,400,000 into overhauling its Torrence Avenue plant in Chicago, giving it flexible manufacturing capability. This will allow the factory to add new models in as little as two weeks instead of two months or longer. The flexible manufacturing systems used in five of Ford Motor Company's plants will yield a $2.5 billion savings. By the year 2010, Ford will have converted 80 percent of its plants to flexible manufacturing.” (www.ford-motorcompany.com) Looking at local FMS systems, we have Nissan in Sunderland and Greggs in Longbenton. Both these companies have fantastic FMS systems, with virtually no human input, loading- manufacture-unloading is all completed by FMS, this removes the need for human input, which greatly improves quality and output. There are more benefits to FMS, using humans for repetitive work can be dangerous for the body, fatigue is a large part in human operation and if done for long periods of time (i.e. a 10-20 years of work) the human body begins to shut down, creating problems such as arthritis and repetitive strain injury. Industrial Robots and Engineering systems Task 2 One Japanese manufacturer...
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...traditional surgical technologies, which makes it easier for complex operations. Three network components comprise the Da Vinci, the ergonomics surgeons console, a patient side cart with four interactive robotic arms, and a high definition 3d vision system. The system scales, filters and translates the surgeon’s movements on the master controllers to the four robotic arms. The Da Vinci provides the surgeon from his visual console a clear high resolution image showing depth for a complete immersive experience. The precisely controlled micro movements of the Da Vinci are enabled by the computer processors of the system. These processors perform millions of safety checks over the course of the procedure, for enhanced precision and control. The Da Vinci endowrist instruments are designed with a unique seven degrees of motion which are greater than the human wrist. This proprietary design enables surgical maneuvers impossible with conventional laparoscopic tools. As the surgeon operates at the console, the Da Vinci filters out hand tremors and provides motion scaling that allows the surgeon to tailor the ratio of his hand movements to the corresponding movements at the instrument tips. Redundant safety checks prevent the autonomous movements of the instruments or the robotic arms. The instrumentation on traditional laparoscopic tools moves the...
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...LAS 432 Course Capstone Project Robotic Surgery (LAS 432 - 08) Robert Clark April 19, 2015 Team F Team Leader: Dylan Zinkiewicz - D# 03342318 Team Members: Alisha Young - D# 01615918 Antonice Thomas - D# 01487783 Brooke White - D# 01489597 Katherine Vega - D# 01487783 Contents Alisha Young Intro to Robotic Surgery 2 Antonice Thomas Timeline 10 Overview 15 The Future 17 Dylan Zinkiewicz Economic Talk 19 Marketing & Media Influence 24 Katherine Vega Psychological considerations and Sociological effects 29 Environmental Implications 33 Brooke White Ethics and Legal Issues 37 Conclusion 45 References 46 Intro to Robotic Surgery Robotic surgery is defined in the medical dictionary as "the performance of operative procedures with the assistance of robotic technology" ("Robotic," n.d.). Robotic surgery is an emerging technology that began its experimental phase in 1985 with the introduction of the PUMA 560 robotic arm. The first use of a robot for a surgical procedure was a neurosurgical biopsy, recorded in 1985. Following this successful surgery was the first laparoscopic surgery using the same kind of robot; the robotic arm. In 1987, a successful cholecystectomy was performed. In 1988, doctors decided to use the PUMA 560 robotic arm for a transurethral resection procedure. Finally, in 1990, the Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP) became known as the first system to be approved by the Food and...
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...Joseph Skaggs Creative Problem Solving Unit 1 Research Paper September 23, 2014 One technology that I have noticed to be fast moving is robotics. We use robotics in multiple applications from drones to prosthetics. The military, medical field, and automotive industry have greatly benefited from the use of robotics. In the military robotics are used in unmanned surveillance drones or UAV’s as well as bomb disposal robots which are used when it might be too dangerous for the soldier. In the medical field robotics have had a huge impact. Robotic arms are used during certain surgery procedures because they’re precise and can do things that a human surgeon couldn’t. Robotics are also used with prosthetics, advancements have led to robotic prosthetic arms and legs which have been more effective than prosthetics of the past. Another area where robotics are being used is in vehicles, developing unmanned vehicles for various applications. The future of robotics with UAVs is fast. They’re coming up with new military applications, more than that the technology is moving over to the civilian side. They’re coming up with UAV designs that would be used for crop dusting, weather monitoring, and border patrol. There are even talks about introducing this technology into the commercial airline industry. If things move forward farming will be taken to a whole new level, crop dusting will be maintained robotically though the use of UAVs. We’ll have a better understanding of weather...
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...A Helping Hand for Europe: The Competitive Outlook for the EU Robotics Industry Authors: Simon Forge and Colin Blackman Editors: Marc Bogdanowicz and Paul Desruelle EUR 24600 EN - 2010 The The mission of the JRC-IPTS is to provide customer-driven support to the EU policymaking process by developing science-based responses to policy challenges that have both a socio-economic as well as a scientific/technological dimension. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Contact information Address: Edificio Expo. c/ Inca Garcilaso, 3. E-41092 Seville (Spain) E-mail: jrc-ipts-secretariat@ec.europa.eu Tel.: +34 954488318 Fax: +34 954488300 http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. The report reflects the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC 61539 EUR 24600 EN ISBN 978-92-79-17657-9 ISSN 1018-5593...
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...ABOUT THE COMPANY Rade Koncar-TEP RADE KONČAR year 1948: The company JUG is founded - repairing of oil distributive transformers and electric motors year 1953: Beginning with production of oil distributive transformers year 1967: The company becomes part of Rade Koncar - Zagreb, the biggest company in the field of the electrical industry on the territory of former Jugoslavia year 1990: The company becomes part of the Holding Rade Koncar - Aparatna Tehnika - Skopje year 1996: Rade Koncar - Servis becomes independent company in private ownership year 2005: Buying the company Rade Koncar - Electrical plants year 2006: Founding of the company Rade Koncar - TEP as part of the company Rade Koncar - Servis RADE KONČAR - SERVIS The biggest repair shop in this part of the Balkan with its main activity - repairing, rehabilitation, revitalization and maintenance of: - power and distribution transformers - electric motors and generators - transformer oil treatment - environmental protection through the reduction and elimination of harmful ingredients PCBs, in transformer oil - performing all types of industrial testing according to the IEC regulations. Production area of 8700 m2 RADE KONČAR - TEP Production program: - distributive oil transformers, power up to 1600kVA - high voltage plants for voltage level up to 110kV - concrete compact substation 20-10/0.4kV for power of a transformer up to 1250kVA -all types of meter boxes, connecting boxes, cable distribution...
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...[Your Name] [Course Title] [Teacher’s Name] By [Your Name] [Course Title] [Teacher’s Name] By [Report Title] [Report Title] Motivation The applications for 3D Printing in Healthcare are immense. One of the most obvious is its use in printing prosthetics, which face a high rejection rate due to improper fit. Traditional prosthetic hands cost upwards of $50,000, and many insurance companies refuse to pick up the bill for children, who end up outgrowing them within only a couple years. It’s just not practical from a financial standpoint to spend $50,000 for a hand that a child may get very minimal use out of. Using open source 3D printable design files, anyone with a 3D printer can print out a custom sized prosthetic hand in a matter of hours. The price tag? Between $15-$50. That’s right, less than 1/10,000 of the price of traditional prosthesis. There are literally thousands upon thousands of children with severe upper limb disabilities from all over the world. The ability to create extremely affordable prosthetic hands means there is tremendous potential for all of these children and even adults to benefit from this Prosthetics Definition In medicine, a prosthesis, (from Ancient Greek prósthesis, "addition, application, attachment")[1] is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through trauma, disease, or congenital conditions. Prosthetic amputee rehabilitation is primarily coordinated by a prosthetist and an inter-disciplinary...
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...ABSTRACT The field of humanoids robotics is widely recognized as the current challenge for robotics research .The humanoid research is an approach to understand and realize the complex real world interactions between a robot, an environment, and a human. The humanoid robotics motivates social interactions such as gesture communication or co-operative tasks in the same context as the physical dynamics. This is essential for three-term interaction, which aims at fusing physical and social interaction at fundamental levels. People naturally express themselves through facial gestures and expressions. Our goal is to build a facial gesture human-computer interface fro use in robot applications. This system does not require special illumination or facial make-up. By using multiple Kalman filters we accurately predict and robustly track facial features. Since we reliably track the face in real-time we are also able to recognize motion gestures of the face. Our system can recognize a large set of gestures (13) ranging from “yes”, ”no” and “may be” to detecting winks, blinks and sleeping. Chapter 1 ROLE OF HUMANOIDS 1. INTRODUCTION.: The field of humanoids robotics, widely recognized as the current challenge for robotics research, is attracting the interest of many research groups worldwide. Important efforts have been devoted to the objective of developing humanoids and impressive results have been produced, from the technological point of view, especially...
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...Robotics: Utopia or Dystopia Robotics: Utopia or Dystopia? Table of Contents: Serial No. | Particular | Page No. | 01. | Introduction | 04 | 02. | Definition of a Robot | 04 | 03. | History of Robotics | 05 - 10 | 04. | The implications of robotics for jobs in manufacturing | 10-12 | 05. | The implications of robotics for jobs in the service sector: | 12 -13 | 06. | Robotics and future jobs, utopia or Dystopia | 13-15 | 07. | Conclusion: | 16 | 08. | Recommendation | 16 | 09. | References | 17 | Robotics: Utopia or Dystopia? Introduction: We are living in such an era, when the needs and demands of human beings are increasing day by day. To satisfy those needs, innovation and development in every field which guide the future of humanity is also proceeding in a rapid way. To meet the various needs and desires of the increasing population, inventors were seeking for a genuine solution which could provide the overwhelming challenges and will be able to meet the demands of the civilizations and that leads to the idea of mechanization. Inventors, who put forward the idea of mechanization, stated that by mechanization there would be great convenience for people to respond to their demands and can help them to complete their task in a short period of time. By following these principles, machines have started to meet the needs of increasing population...
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...Robotic Surgery October 8, 2015 Devry University The technology Robotic surgery refers to a method used to perform surgery with the help of very small surgical instruments attached to a robotic arm. The surgeon controls the robotic arm with a computer (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2013). Robotic surgery or robotic-assisted surgery uses robots that are controlled by actual surgeons. The robots are merely for precision and accuracy during the surgery as human surgeons are prone to error due to distractions. The development also allows doctors to perform a lot more complex operations than they were able to before. It does not stop there; Robotic surgery allows for much more flexibility options, control- ability and accuracy in precision (Lanfranco, et al. 2004). The surgeon makes tiny incisions on the patient, then the blades and other surgical instruments that are attached to the robot, penetrate through the incisions. This kind of surgery has been successful in some traditional open surgical operations (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Application of general anesthesia is important during surgery because it alters the perception of the body toward a painful stimulus. General anesthesia is applied to ensure that the procedure is painless. It takes a patient to relax and submit themselves to the hands of the surgeon as the only way of healing. The anesthesia, therefore, works by reducing the anxiety that may bring complications as the patients are unconscious...
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