...poverty. For self reported health status, about 8.8-15.4% of Upper West Side residents rated themselves fair to poor. My major is Nursing, nurses are expected to understand that the health of a person depends on factors other than genetics; such as the substances that the individual uses. Tobacco and Alcohol are both legal drugs (provided that they are not underaged), which is why it is more likely that individuals will use it to cause detrimental damage to their health. The Upper West Side has a high percent of adults, about 18.5-32.1% of adults have reported to having five or more alcoholic beverages at once in the past 30 days. Binge drinking is more of a problem for residents in the Upper West Side than smoking, only 11.9-14.7% of people have reported that they are casual smokers, however this data is marked as unreliable, so the percentage may be higher or the latter. A social determinant that influences those who smoke tobacco and drink alcohol excessively is social status. The median income in Manhattan is $64,971, which means that it’s the second wealthiest borough in New York City after Staten Island. The people who live on the Upper West Side...
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...Exercise 6 Solution Chapter 6 Elasticity: The Responsiveness of Demand and Supply 6.1 The Price Elasticity of Demand and Its Measurement 1) Price elasticity of demand measures A) how responsive suppliers are to price changes. B) how responsive sales are to changes in the price of a related good. C) how responsive quantity demanded is to a change in price. D) how responsive sales are to a change in buyers' incomes. Answer: C Comment: Recurring Diff: 1 Page Ref: 168-169/168-169 Topic: Price Elasticity of Demand Objective: LO1: Define price elasticity of demand and understand how to measure it. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Special Feature: None 2) If the percentage increase in price is 15 percent and the value of the price elasticity of demand is -3, then quantity demanded A) will increase by 45 percent. B) will increase by 5 percent. C) will decrease by 45 percent. D) will decrease by 5 percent. Answer: C Comment: Recurring Diff: 2 Page Ref: 168-169/168-169 Topic: Price Elasticity of Demand Objective: LO1: Define price elasticity of demand and understand how to measure it. AACSB: Analytic Skills Special Feature: None 3) If demand is inelastic, the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand is A) one. B) less than one. C) greater than one. D) greater than the absolute value of the slope of the demand curve. Answer: B Comment:...
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...but relative to prominent success. Add that success is highly relative and that the group’s definition is not absolute since its nature varies across industries. Place more emphasis on tangible determinants as KPIs because the profit bottom line must always be consistently met. Success and sustainability are not mutually exclusive in the context of the chosen outlets and their industries since the start-up costs and recurring costs are substantial. 2. Comparison One – Brotzeit VS Malones Irish Restaurant & Bar 2.1 Sales/Revenue Monetary gains are a good measure of success and a highly tangible KPI. Due to high start-up and recurring costs of the chosen outlets, increased revenue and hence profit would increase success and sustainability. Brotzeit takes the forefront for this aspect based not simply on their price points but also the consumption and revenue . Based on our observational research, Malones offers a set lunch at approximately $7 (includes main course, soup of the day and a non-alcoholic beverage) , which is extremely affordable compared to their regular prices where starters are $8 and above. Brotzeit does not run any set promotions. However, Brotzeit had (??%) more customers than Malones during the lunch peak hour from 12-3pm and a (??%) more sales of alcoholic beverages which is a high component of revenue for restaurant bars due to highly taxed alcohol in Singapore. Based on the calculations made from the observational study conducted on a typical day , the...
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...Submission of term paper Sir, We the student of BBA 1st batch, Department of Tourism & Hospitality Management, University of Dhaka. In reference to your order to prepare a term paper on Food, Beverage and Bar Management. We have prepared this report by using primary data from Atrium restaurant, Dhaka Regency and Escape from Shanghai and secondary data from our textbook, lecture sheets and internet. We, therefore, hope that you would consider our limitations, restrictions and grant this report and oblige thereby. Faithfully Yours, Members of De Faustine BBA-14th batch Department of Tourism & Hospitality Management University of Dhaka. ----------------------- Arefin Azam Rohan Executive Summary Hospitality industry is a huge industry, food and beverage is an important part of it. After completion of the assignment we have gathered much knowledge and especially first hand experiences. We have visited Dhaka Regency, Atrium Restaurant and Escape from the Shanghai for our field work. We discussed many branches of this industry such as the food and beverage systems of those outlets, the methods of production and services, staffing implications, different menus and factors to develop those, factors that affect the compilation of alcoholic beverage list. Here we also discussed what actions we would take to ensure quality standards, health, safety and security as well as we gave our own point of view and suggestions to improve the outlets in the...
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...Log In Sign Up Global Business Strategy: A case study of Coca-Cola Company Fahad Muhammad Umar Uploaded by Fahad Muhammad Umar top 0.1% 10,752 Info Download DOCX 6 The Coca-Cola Company being a non-alcoholic beverages company falls in the category of what is known as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), FDA is a globally recognized agency originated from the United State of America to monitor and verify ingredients that are being used in manufacturing non-alcoholic products. The coca-cola company cautiously examine their ingredients to meet up requirements of the FDA before presenting it for approval. However, aside from the FDA’s requirements other political majors that are being set in accordance with the jurisdictions of countries includes income tax, import and export regulations and the uncertainty of political crisis. Political crisis can be in form of protest, which might affect the demand of products, as well as political violence that makes it hard for the products to penetrating in political crisis zones. ECONOMIC: These are economical factors, which companies uses in forecasting future decisions on investment. These includes interest rate, inflation, standard of living, wages, exchange rate, unemployment rate and the overall economic growth of the country. These economical factors differs in each of the operating countries, which is why before a company venture any country it has to comprehensively analysed the economy of the country considering...
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...Age Is Not The Problem, We Are As midnight struck on November 4, 1998, the eve of Brad's 21st birthday, he went with a group of friends to Rick's American Caf� to celebrate his birthday. He began to play a game of “drink your age.” ;When he had finished 21 shots and knowing that the record among his friends was 23, he drank 3 more for a total of 24 shots of liquor. He drank them in about 1-� hours. The Media's Effect on Underage Alcohol Abuse The Media’s Effects on Underage Drinking The use of alcohol is a major aspect of our society. It is used in religious ceremonies, during socialization, and its presence ...His friends took him home and put him to bed as he passed out. His BAC continued to climb to a lethal level of .44 g/100ml, as the depressant did its work. His breathing stopped and the coroner estimates that he died at approximately 4:30 AM. He died on his 21st birthday, November 5, 1998. Tragedies similar to this one happen too often. People say that the age of 21 is an age of responsibility, and one is now responsible The Media's Effect On Underage Alcohol Abuse The Media’s Effects on Underage Drinking The use of alcohol is a major aspect of our society. It is used in religious ceremonies, during socialization, and its presence is seen ...to drink. Well in this particular case, responsibility was not there. Having an age limit for alcohol use does nothing if individuals are not educated to use alcohol properly. Lowering the age limit to 18 will not cause any more...
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...often out of the control or management ability of a company. Factors typically include economic, demographic, political, and technological forces in business. Business owners and managers often spend copious amount of time and effort to assess the overall economic environment in order to determine the number and strength of each factor. Strategies and performance reviews can help owners and managers use the macro environment factors to create a competitive advantage for their respective companies. For companies with a global foot-print, their exposure to macro environment elements is magnified. The Coca-Cola Company, incorporated on September 5, 1919, is a beverage company. The Company owns or licenses and markets more than 500 nonalcoholic beverage brands, primarily sparkling beverages but also a variety of still beverages, such as waters, enhanced waters, juices and juice drinks, ready-to-drink teas and coffees, and energy and sports drinks. It owns and markets...
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...(Aoyama & Akiyama, 2013). The global market for tea is very aggressive especially in countries where the demand is huge; the United Kingdom for instance is considered to be one of the biggest importers of tea as its population consumes around 165 million cups a day (UK Tea Council). This statistic for the UK population might change as prices of a cup of tea (at the retail level) is increasing due to many factors (Price of a cup of Tea to rise as demand soars, 2011). Supply and demand for a product play a major role in indicating the price; however, there are other determinants that also contribute towards the pricing of a product (Nellis & Parker, 2006). As a result the UK market will witness fluctuating prices for a cup of tea. The aim of this essay is to explore the factors affecting this increase in price. To understand what is happening to the quantity demanded we have to examine the determinants that lead to the shift in the demand curve. One of these points is the advertisement of health awareness through tea; medical examinations proved that tea helps in stabilizing blood pressure and...
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...Instead these behavioural changes often lead to a new behaviour that is firmly dependant on the individual’s current conditions implemented by external cues, recent events or times and/ or their internal state (Louge, Ophir & Strauss 1981). Behavioural change refers to “the transformation of an individual’s administration (conduct) and activities.” (Medical Research Council,2000). In relation to alcoholism, there are factors, called behavioural determinants, which influence an individual’s behaviour which produce a behavioural effect that could be desirable or undesirable. Reilly & Schachtman (2009) stated that Conditioned Taste Aversion (CTA) is utilized to explore the neural mechanisms (these regulate behaviour) of learning and the processes involved. Behavioural determinants can be determined from the Theories of Behaviour. There are three influential theories of behavioural learning. The Theory of Planned Behaviour proposes that behaviour is dependent on the individuals’ intention to perform the behaviour (Aizen,1991). The Social Cognitive Theory suggests that individuals are driven by external factors and not by inner forces for imitating behaviour (Bandura,1997). The Operant Learning Theory which has its focus on the impact of consequences on behaviour (Skinner,1963). These theories identify the threats and risks that have some influence on...
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...comments. All errors remain the authors’. Abstract Excess drinking is associated with lost productivity, accidents, disability, early death, crime, neglect of family responsibilities, and personality deterioration. These and related concerns have justified special restrictions on alcoholic-beverage commerce and consumption. The nature and extent of government involvement in this arena vary widely over time and place, and are often controversial. Economists have contributed to the evaluation of alcohol policy through empirical work on the effects of alcohol-control measures on consumption and its consequences. Economics has also provided an accounting framework for defining and comparing costs and benefits of interventions, including excise taxes. Outside of the policy arena, economists have analyzed alcohol consumption in the context of stretching the standard model of consumer choice to include intertemporal effects and social influence. Nonetheless, perhaps the most important contribution by economists has been the repeated demonstration that there is nothing unusual about alcohol in at least one essential respect: consumers drink less ethanol (and have fewer alcohol-related problems) when alcohol-beverage prices are increased. Important econometric challenges remain, including the search for a satisfactory resolution to the conflicting results on the effect of price changes on consumption by consumers who tend to drink heavily. There are also unresolved puzzles about the relationship...
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...have similar needs, wants and demand characteristics. Market segments ideally should aim to be measurable, sizeable, accessible and actionable. Once segments are established an organisation should then chose to target the segment they believe they can serve most effectively. Therefore, Seabrook should aim to segment consumers in the market by a combination of the following bases: • Demographics – Age, Gender, Income • Psychographics – Life style, Social Class • Behavioural – Benefits sought, Brand loyalty, Type of users. Through the use of all three bases, four wine consumer segments based on Spawton’s (1991) wine consumer model, can be derived. These four segments consist of the ‘Connoisseur’, the ‘Aspirational drinker’, the ‘Beverage Wine Consumer’ and the ‘New Wine Drinkers’. Consumer segments based on Spawton’s (1991) wine consumer model. The Connoisseur Consumers categorised in this segment, are charcterised by their daily consumption and therefore knowledge or “expertise” in wine. They tend to withhold strong preferences, resulting in slow adoption, of new wines, and therefore...
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...Where/how is this issue being tackled/intervened? The agency’s campaign aims to provide women the awareness that it is not safe to drink any alcoholic beverage, any amount or anytime during pregnancy. They formulated primary prevention strategies through communication and media such as advertisements through television, print and radio, e-campaigns and social networking. This provides information and advice to prevent and lessen harm brought by drinking alcohol (AlcoholNZ, 2015). The campaign also gives support to the woman who is struggling with alcohol use by creating a group with similar experience as the other person, they call it Peer support work or (PSW). The PSW model enhances clients’ self-efficacy and self-esteem and supports clients to engage with the wider community. They work together with pregnant women and parents of children under three years of age, regardless of custody issues, and who are poorly connected to health and social services (AlcoholNZ, 2015)....
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...economists argue that dividends should not have any effect on the investor’s valuation of the company because the investor is an owner of the firm and should be indifferent to either getting the dividends or having them reinvested in the firm. The above conclusion, nevertheless, has proven futile as, in the majority of the cases; investors do demand some type of a dividend payment (Cohen, 2002). As a result, it’s important for firms to have a dividend policy in order which will help them make decisions regarding paying cash dividend in the present or paying an increased dividend at a later stage. The Determinants of Dividend Policy An optimum dividend policy is one that strikes a balance between current dividends and future growth and should be based on two basic objectives – maximizing the wealth of the firm’s owners and providing sufficient funds to finance growth. The determinants of a firm’s dividend policy are discussed below. The prevailing dividend and corporate tax rate is major factor effecting the dividend policy of firms. Dividend payments made by firms increase the taxes paid by individual investors because; however, the profits that are not distributed are treated as capital gains and are not taxed until the shares are sold (Barclay, Smith Jr. and Watts, 1995). This increases the tax liabilities of...
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...DESK RESEARCH TO EXAMINE THE INFLUENCE OF MARKETING AND ADVERTISING BY THE ALCOHOL INDUSTRY ON YOUNG PEOPLE’S ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION Research prepared for the World Health Organization by the Centre for Social Marketing at the University of Strathclyde Emma Cooke, Gerard Hastings and Susan Anderson March 2002 Acknowledgements For acquisition and translation of international data: Jill Bain, Marina Biniari, Liliana Carcamo and Ingrid Kajzer. For comments on the final draft: Anne Marie MacKintosh For administrative support: Kathryn Angus and Aileen Paton. CONTENTS Page No 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY 2 3.0 METHODOLOGY 4 4.0 RESULTS 7 4.1 Advertising 7 4.1.1 Econometric Studies 7 4.1.2 Consumer Studies 11 4.2 Other Forms of Marketing 15 4.3 Developing and Transitional Countries 21 REFERENCES 25 1.0 INTRODUCTION At the World Health Organization Ministerial Conference on Young People and Alcohol in Stockholm (February 2001) considerable concern was expressed about the nature and pervasiveness of advertising and marketing by the alcohol industry. Explicit examples were shown of alcohol promotion exploiting the themes of sexual, sporting and lifestyle success, often in direct violation of advertising codes. Furthermore, many of the advertising examples displayed images of excessive consumption. In addition, the Conference noted...
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...manipulated to, new product progress, marketing, procedures, allocation, finance, and client service.” Most supply shackles are webs of supply. Globalisation, the progress of Just-in-time catalogue and creation, as well as the aim of economies of scale, have increased this outsourcing phenomenon by onset the gates to cheaper and lower price labour marketplaces in China and in what are recognised as the Asian Tigers. Nowadays, manufacturers are discovering the BRIC states to portray their creation procedures even extra profitable. The shift from local and region to a global market has forced companies to develop strategies that encompass more international aspects. In this report the author will use a case study of a well-known Asian Beverage Group to explain on many...
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