...* Paraphrase Practice | Evaluating Internet Sources Definition: In a rapidly changing world, Internet technology allows researchers to access the most up–to–date, timely, relevant, and targeted information. Accurately determining the reliability, validity, and usefulness of Web sites is an essential skill to understand and master. Credibility of a website is always important, especially when doing academic research or writing academic papers. In fact, credibility is crucial in academia. As you may or may not know, anyone can post information on the Internet. BobJones.com written by Bob Jones might contain information about the Civil War, but how does the reader know that Bob is an expert on the Civil War? Accurately determining the reliability and validity of websites is an essential skill when deciding to use an Internet source in an academic paper. Use the following guidelines when searching Internet sources for information to use in an academic paper: * Use websites that are credible * Use the most current sources possible * Use sources accessed through a university library These elements are discussed in detail below. Questions to Determine Internet Reliability What is the extension? The Web site address usually includes “www” followed by a period (called a dot), followed by an extension name (also called a domain name). The reliability of a website can frequently be determined by the domain or extension name. The most reliable extensions include...
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...paper lies in the sources one chooses to support his or her research topic. Since the Internet has transformed into one the most frequently used research tools, one must be particularly careful about the sources he or she chooses to incorporate into his or her paper. The Internet, is an open forum for anyone with Internet access to post whatever he or she may feel like posting about any subject, whether it be accurate or not. For this reason alone, the author of a research paper needs to ensure the sources included in a research paper are both credible and accurate. “Stoplight Traffic Cameras: Why is Big Brother Ticketing You?” is an article that could be possibly be used to support the thesis statement, “Stoplight traffic cameras are unconstitutional.” To examine this article more closely to see if it is indeed a suitable source to use, one could refer to the set of criteria listed in the Expertise, Accuracy, and Reliability (EAR) test explained by Robert A. Harris in his book titled Using Sources Effectively. The Expertise section of the EAR test is when one must check the credibility of the author. Harris stresses the importance of proving the credibility of an author by determining if the author is, “an authority in the area, an expert, through education, experience, or both?” (Harris 25) An author with any one of those qualifications instantly adds credibility to one’s paper, rather than just any regular Joe off the street who happens to have Internet access. The above-mentioned...
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...Weekly Reflection MGT/521 August 17, 2012 Learning Team A Learning Team A. Ellen Thomas Team A: Weekly Reflection In this paper, Learning Team A will collaborate on Week One objectives while expressing our level of comfort and discomfort to the following topics: • Identify channels for business communications • Evaluate credibility and validity of sources of information. • Develop effective arguments The information addressed within our Weekly Reflection will provide direction for effectively distinguishing between formal and informal business communication channels. In addition, Learning Team A agrees that identifying the proper business communication channel will ensure the appropriate channels are used and messages are transmitted efficiently through the communication process. Lastly, Learning Team A will also address how the weekly topics relate to our field of business. Team A: Identify channels for business communications In efforts of identifying the various channels for business communication Learning Team A was able to relate to and understand collectively the various forms of communication used within business. We all share the common fact of possessing secure employment; however, the areas of business vary from entrepreneurship, management, and the medical field. Considering our areas of employment differ with regards to the area of business in which we all specialize in, they all come down to the some...
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...this point, we will pin down the research question. Step 4 determine research design The research design is a plan or framework for conducting the study and collecting data. It is defined as the specific methods and procedures you use to acquire the information you need. based on the research objectives, we will determine the most appropriate research design: qualitative and/ or quantitative. • Exploratory Research: collecting information in an unstructured and informal manner. • Descriptive Research refers to a set of methods and procedures describing marketing variables. • Causal Research (experiments): allows isolation of causes and effects Step 5 identify information types and sources Primary data: Data observed or collected directly from first-hand experience. Secondary data: Published data and the data collected in the past or other parties is called secondary data. Secondary data is relatively easy to access; primary data is more complex | Step 6 determine methods of accessing data Primary data: There are...
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...Information is only good as the source. Anyone, anywhere, can put anything on the internet. The information might be true; it may also not be tru. How can we determine if the information that is given to us by these soures is legitimate? Developing the ability to evaluate information critically on the internet is important today because many people rely and depend on electronic sources of information in so many areas of their lives. Every people doesn’t want to be steered wrong in many areas so we must carefully asssess the wealth of information available. Nowadays, Internet publications and web site content can claim the same legal protection as books, newspapers and etc., that are protected by the law. For most part, infoemation on internet is easily copied which causes other resources in having copyright rules. But as a person, we must give credit to the information giver. Most of the students do this to share that the information they have searched were true so they cite the resources to give proper merit to the one that given you the informationthat is not truly your original thought. Most importantly, the ease of obtaining information from the intenet and of the publishing information on it can contribute other problems. Internet hoaxes, urban legends, and false information continue to increase because opf the internet. Using the internet introduces legal and ethical issues also such as plagiarism which is copying information from another source and claiming iot is your own...
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...academic research? According to the University of Colorado Boulder, there are three main items to look at in the evaluation of a source. These three items are credibility, validity, and relevance (Colorado, n.d.). The credibility of the author is the first step in determining whether or not to use a given source. You must think about the author as a scholar and determine what makes them qualified to be writing this article or paper. Some things to look at are formal education, history of research on the topic at hand, as well as any other experience with the topic such as the author’s career (Colorado, n.d.). The next step in determining the quality of a research source is to look at the validity of research contained in the article or paper. You may want to look at the position the author takes: is it biased to one side or the other, or is it written objectively to give both sides a fair argument? You can also ask yourself: is the argument made based on research rather than the author’s own experiences? One of the most important things to take note of is whether or not the information is cited (Colorado, n.d.). Just because an article is written well does not mean that it contains correct information. A well-written article also does not mean it is a valid source for research purposes. The third and final step in the evaluation of a research source is to look at whether or not the article or paper is relevant to the topic you are presenting. You want the article to be somewhat...
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...Cameron Donaldson Hum/176 Internet and Information Paper Patrick Parise April 07, 2013 Hello Friend, It is so good to hear from you and I would be happy to answer your questions about Internet. You are right when you assume that the Internet makes my life much easier when I need to find information on anything. Although the Internet is a vast resource of information but not all of the information available is correct. There is really almost no limit to the information that you can find on numerous subjects on the internet. You can find information a lot faster than if you did not have the internet, so it does make things simpler. It can be hazardous to use though and to be sure the information you find is credible requires a great deal of thought, you must think critically, and it means a lot of research. You will find that finding the information you desire to be the easy part, verifying the validity of that information will be more difficult. To know whether you can trust a source or not the first thing you need to do is come up with certain questions to ask yourself each time you need to check a sources credentials. I ask questions like “Who is behind the source? Is it a well-known institution or person? Where does it originally come from? Does it indicate an author? Is the article old or up-to-date? How well written is the article?” Whenever I do an internet search I asked myself specific questions about the information that I find. I asked myself these questions...
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...Composed & Solved Laiba Butt VuAskari Team www.vuaskari.com STA630 Subjective Solved By Laiba Butt Question No: 37 ( Marks: 5 ) What is personal interviewing, how it can be conducted and at which places? Personal Interviewing A personal interview (i.e. face to face communication) is a two way conversation initiated by an interviewer to obtain information from a respondent. The differences in the roles of the interviewer and the respondent are pronounced. They are typically strangers, and the interviewer generally controls the topics and patterns of discussion. The consequences of the event are usually insignificant for the respondent. The respondent is asked to provide information and has little hope of receiving any immediate or direct benefit from this cooperation. Personal interviews may take place in a factory, in a homeowner’s doorway, in an executive’s office, in a shopping mall, or in other settings. Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 ) Why preliminary notification is essential in self administered questionnaire? Response rate of self administered questionnaires is low. preliminary notification is essential in self administered questionnaire because it will increase the response rate due to the following reasons. • • • Preparing the respondent through advance notice through letter/telephone. Notify closer to the questionnaire mailing time. Depends upon the infrastructure, nature of study, and the type of respondents. Question No: 37 ( Marks: 5 ) "Because literature survey is...
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...Critical Thinking Applications Michael E. Murphy University of Phoenix Online Critical Thinking: Strategies in Decisions Making MGT 350 Bridget Peaco July 12, 2010 Human beings tend toward selfish pursuits. People rarely act in a rational and an objective manner (Kurland, 2000). To set aside these traits, it takes an applied effort, which can lead to different options and intellectual improvement. Critical thinking can help people to take control of their own thinking. They learn to distinguish between what is opinion and factual reality. Simply put, the process of critical thinking helps a person to assess what others either write or speak, and ascertain the validity of his or her comments. Critical thinkers have certain attributes that permit them to observe conditions around themselves and then make educated choices that can solve either problems or dilemmas. Some of these attributes are: * asks pertinent questions * assesses statements and arguments * is able to admit a lack of understanding or information * has a sense of curiosity * is interested in finding new solutions * is able to clearly define a set of criteria for analyzing ideas * is willing to examine beliefs, assumptions, and opinions and weigh them against facts * listens carefully to others and is able to give feedback * sees that critical thinking is a lifelong process of self-assessment * suspends judgment until all facts have been gathered and considered ...
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...and paperwork process. 2- Recruitment: Advertising, recruiter fees. 3- Selection of new candidates: Pre-employment testing, interviewing 4- Hiring: Orientation, training. 5- Productivity: Vacancy cost, disruption. It is essential that line managers be involved in the hiring process. Although HR department has an active role to play in recruiting, selection and socializing new employees, line personnel will actively be supervising the new hires. Often, they will have job-related insights that members of HRD may lack. So, the hiring process is full of challenges. The most important of these are: a) Determining which personal characteristics are most important to performance. b) Measuring those characteristics c) Evaluating applicants´ motivation levels d) Deciding who should make the selection decision a) Determining Characteristics Important to Performance For several reasons, the characteristics a person needs to perform a job effectively are not obvious. * The job itself is very often a moving target (The KSAs will likely change as the product continue evolving) * The organization’s culture may need to be taken account. * Different people in the organization often want different characteristics in a new hire. b) Measuring Characteristics That...
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...Overview of Reliability and Validity Reliability and validity are key concepts in measurement processes. Reliability refers to the stability of a test measure or protocol. It seems to be the way in scientific endeavors that we can take a simple concept and make the concept extremely difficult to comprehend; such is the case with reliability. There are various methods to determine reliability and each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Our purpose here is to try to make since of the various reliability methods. To review, reliability is a measure of the stability or consistency of a test protocol. Measures of reliability are typically reported in terms of Pearson Correlation Coefficients. In brief, these correlation measures range from –1 to 1, with larger values indicating high relationships. Generally, 0.30 is considered minimum to indicate marginal reliability. If you conceptualize consistency as stability over time or stability from item to item then there are different approaches to the measure of reliability. Consistency or stability over time is measured by test – retest reliability. This type of reliability is “in-line” with the traditional view of reliability, and is usually measured by correlation tests given to a group of subjects twice over a tasteful period, during which nothing has happen to your participants to effect their results. Therein lays, the major disadvantage of this method of reliability. Other problems are concerned with...
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...HCS/514 March 25, 2013 Norma Wright Decision-making Case Study Making decisions in the rapidly changing world of health care is stressful, possessing the correct information is crucial, determining the validity of information even more crucial. In addition, knowing where to obtain accurate information for making informed and reliable determinations will help make these decisions easier. A well informed decision made using the informed decision tool box increases the reliability for producing correct and profitable decisions. These actions will improve the efficiency of provided health care, increase stability, increase production, and decrease the amount spent on health care, in addition, improving the outcomes for both the organization and the patient. The Informed Decision Toolbox The informed decision toolbox (IDT), according to Rundell, et al, (2007), has six major steps to use when approaching difficult decisions. 1) framing the management question, 2) finding sources of information, 3) assessing the accuracy of the information, 4) assessing the applicability of the information, 5) assessing the actionability of the evidence, and 6) determining if the information is adequate (p. 325). The IDT system stems from a formal study to find ways to assist management in an efficient and more scientific approach to decision making. Using this approach to decision making will present a causative...
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...Key Perspectives * Traditional Advertising and Brand Promotion Research * Any research that helps in the development, execution or evaluation of advertising and promotion * A New Perspective * The Account Planning System * Greater research outsourcing * More naturalistic and socio-cultural methods Advertising and Promotion Research * Used to assist in determining marketsegments * Plays a key role in helping creatives understand the audience * Used to make go/no go ad decisions and when to pull ads * Used to evaluate agency performance Key Issues in Advertising and Promotion Research * Reliability: The research method produces consistent findings over time. * Validity: The information generated is relevant to the research questions being investigated. * Trustworthiness: Usually applied to qualitative data; does the data seem to make sense? * Meaningfulness: An assessment of limitations of the data. The Scope of Advertising and IBP Research * Developmental Advertising and IBP Research (before ads are made) * Copy Research (as ads are being finished) * Results-oriented Research (after the ads are running) Stage One: Developmental Advertising and IBP Research * Design Thinking: Advertisers and marketers think like designers. * Concept Testing: Designed to screen the quality of new ideas or concepts. * Audience Profiling: Creatives need to know as much as they can about the...
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...concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In quotations from the official documents and the jurisprudence of international organizations and tribunals countries are designated as reported. The United Nations holds copyright to this document. The course is also available in electronic format on the UNCTAD website (www.unctad.org). Copies may be downloaded free of charge on the understanding that they will be used for teaching or study and not for a commercial purpose. Appropriate acknowledgement of the source is requested. UNCTAD/EDM/Misc.232/Add.20 Copyright © United Nations, 2003 All rights reserved 5.9 Electronic Arbitration iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Note What you will learn 1. Dispute Resolution Methods in Electronic Commerce 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Advantages of Online Dispute Resolution 1.2.1 Cost-effectiveness 1.2.2 Effectiveness of Solutions, Recommended or Imposed 1.3 Assessing Methods of Online Dispute Resolution 1.3.1 Determining Factors 1.3.2 Consequences of a Decision 1.4 Conclusion…….. 1.5 Case Study 2. Formation of the Electronic Arbitration Agreement 2.1...
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...* 1. PRIMARY ANDSECONDARY DATA We explore the availability and use of data (primary and secondary) in the field of business research.Specifically, we examine an international sample of doctoral dissertations since 1998, categorizingresearch topics, data collection, and availability of data. Findings suggest that use of only primarydata pervades the discipline, despite strong methodological reasons to augment with secondary data.IBRAHIM NAVEENReg. No. IPHRM 5001Diploma in Human Resource Management Batch 01INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT * 2. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DATA CONTENTSINTRODUCTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 02IMPORTANCE OF DATA AND DATA COLLECTION --------------------------------- 02DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES ------------------------------------------------------- 02PRIMARY DATA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 03IMPORTANCE OF PRIMARY DATA ------------------------------------------------------- 03SOURCES OF PRIMARY DATA -------------------------------------------------------------- 04ADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY RESEARCH ----------------------------------------------- 05DISADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY RESEARCH ------------------------------------------ 07SECONDARY DATA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 08IMPORTANCE OF SECONDARY DATA --------------------------------------------------- 08SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA ...
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