...The process of selecting a jury in the United States accords attorneys with options of excluding able jurors. An option that challenges for cause where the attorneys ought to define the reason for a challenge. This could be in the form of bias or conflict of interest. In such a case, the opposing person is given the opportunity to respond and the judge decides on the juror’s exclusion. Another option is a peremptory challenge. This option gives the attorneys the power of excluding jurors with no explanation for it. Considering that challenges for cause are unrestricted, attorneys are barred on the number of peremptory challenges. The number may go as low as 4, though 10 is the most common in felony cases. Attorneys have in the past been known to exclude jurors of undesirable potential, though they have not been as effective. Most of the efforts applied in the past were with regard to lawyers’ folklore of who can be a good juror. For instance, a jury consultant assisted in the selection of the jury in the case of O.J. Simpson. Criminologist Jo-Ellan Dimitrius made use of surveys to form his defense juror demographic who were balck women. He then assessed and judged the potential jurors’ response as based on a questionnaire and response and read their body language. Considering the several criticisms that thrown at scientific jury selection, about it allows lawyers stack juries and destroys the influence brought about by money...
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...control departments to test therefore a proper schedule was needed to ensure every department got the appropriate schedule times and alleviate problems that were previously experienced. Eddie Turner’s responsibility was to have complete authority to establish priorities for use of the new test facility with approval from his manager Gary Whitehead in order to ensure there was no conflict between the departments and this meant a change in policy over the use of the new lab. On several occasions Eddie turned to his manager to explain the difficulties he experienced with his job however he did not get a resolution from his manager. The first encounter was when he explained that he cannot satisfy all department managers as they thought he was selecting departments to use test lab based on his favourites. Gary Whitehead dismissed the complaint and said it was part of Eddie’s job to resolve the issue. The second issue he raised was that the organizational structure does not support and respect his position because he is a section supervisor dictating testing schedules for department managers. He proposed that Gary send out the prepared weekly priorities memos with his signature to the department managers as Gary would be respected by his fellow department managers. Again Eddie was reminded that it is part of his job to prioritize and schedule the lab accordingly. After weeks the conflict over scheduling of the lab got worse because there was still no resolution. To try...
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...Assignment The Hiring Process Jessica Berry Small Business Management AB209-01 July 22, 2014 Interviewing is a very big part in the selection process of employees, it gives the employer a chance to meet the job candidate, and get a general idea of who they are. The problem I find with interviews is that the job candidate can give you all the right answers, but are they deceiving you just so they will be hired. Are their answers to the interview questions honest, or just what they think I want to hear? Interviewing can be helpful in the selection process, but it should not be the only step (Longenecker,2014). GBC is a very small company at this point, so the owners (Scott, Wayne and Myself) would be the ones in charge of recruitment and hiring for the company. I would do most of the work, but would keep them involved in the process and the three of us would make the final selections. There would be 5 steps in GBC Cleanings’ hiring process. The first step we talked about last week, and that would be determining exactly what the company needs and then posting a job on an employment website. This would be something that I would handle for GBC. The second part of our process would be reviewing the applications and selecting the best candidates for the job. This would be handled by all three owners, because Scott and Wayne know more about what they are looking for in a custodian or equipment operator. I would definitely want their input during this process. The third part of...
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...Assignment 2 Problem Solving Scenario 2 Your child comes home from school with an assignment sheet for a school project When faced with a problem, what do you do to solve it? This assignment asks you to apply a six-step to problem solving process to a specific problem scenario. You will write a paper that presents a synthesis of your ideas about solving the problem using this systematic approach. As Voltaire said, "No problem can withstand the assault of sustained thinking." Scenario 2 Your child comes home from school with an assignment sheet for a school project. He / she is very excited about the project and begins work immediately, doing research on the Internet and gathering materials. You read over the assignment sheet and notice that your child is not including all of the required items in the project, and you have some ideas for how to improve the quality of the presentation. You recently read an article in a parenting magazine about the importance of a child developing responsibility for his/ her own learning. You recall the many ways in which your parents took over your school projects. You, on the other hand, want to encourage your child’s confidence in his / her ability to complete a project independently. The next day, you are at the grocery store when you see a parent of a student in your child’s class. That parent has spent over $30 in supplies for the science project and is taking a day off of work to put the pieces of the project together. ...
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...5.2 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Objectives To introduce CPU scheduling, which is the basis for multiprogrammed operating systems To describe various CPU-scheduling algorithms To discuss evaluation criteria for selecting a CPU-scheduling algorithm for a particular system Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.3 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Basic Concepts Maximum CPU utilization obtained with multiprogramming CPU–I/O Burst Cycle – Process execution consists of a cycle of CPU execution and I/O wait CPU burst distribution Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.4 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Alternating Sequence of CPU and I/O Bursts Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.5 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Histogram of CPU-burst Times Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.6 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 CPU Scheduler Selects from among the processes in ready queue, and allocates the CPU to one of them Queue may be ordered in various ways Switches from running to waiting state Switches from running to ready state Switches from waiting to ready Terminates CPU scheduling decisions may take place when a process: 1. 2. 3. 4. Scheduling under 1 and 4 is nonpreemptive All other scheduling is preemptive Consider access to shared data Consider preemption while in kernel mode Consider interrupts occurring during crucial OS activities ...
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...Process management Research Paper Process management Research Paper Contents Title: 3 Abstract: 3 Introduction/Background 4 The Process 5 Process State 7 Process Scheduling 8 Methods 9 Results and findings 10 Process Creation 10 Threads 12 Scheduling 14 Synchronization 15 Buffering 16 Deadlock Handling 17 Related Work 18 Conclusion and Future Work 19 References 20 Appendix 20 List of your data 20 Design/Implementation 21 Source Codes 24 Process Creation 24 Threads 24 Peterson’s Algorithm 25 Bakery Algorithm 26 Softwares 26 Title: Process Management Abstract: A process is usually called as a program in execution. A process needs certain assets, including CPU time, memory, documents, and I/O gadgets, to achieve its undertaking. The working framework is in charge of the accompanying exercises regarding process administration i.e. process creation and erasure, process suspension and resumption (scheduling), procurement of instruments for process synchronization and process correspondence. Process administration is normally performed by the bit. In numerous cutting edge working frameworks, there can be more than one occurrence of a system stacked in memory in the meantime; for instance, more than one client could be executing the same project, every client having separate duplicates of the system stacked into memory. With a few projects, it is conceivable to have one duplicate stacked...
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...Who is the creater of CP/M? [Kildall] Who is the head of the Multics project. [Carbato] Which OS’s process scheduler reduces priority and increases quantum. [CTSS] Which one is the difference between a semaphore and monitor. [Last choice] If a system has 16 drives and each process can have 4 drives. What is the maximum number of n that the system is deadlock free. [5] Given the sequence below which processes will cause a page fault. (for FIFO – LRU) Write a loop that would create 10 child processes. (No more than 10). If a file is shared by two processes, can have read-only and the other read-write access. If yes how, if not what prevent it. What are some of the security features in UNIX or NT. How does NTFS directory system work. How does UNIX directory system work. Pick a Unix UNIX process scheduler and explain how (not why or when) it favors I/O bound processes to CPU bound processes. Explain and compare I/O software (programmed, interrupt, DMA). What is the problem with RAID4 and explain how RAID5 solves the problem. Disk arm scheduling algorithms readuce read time but what does Linux additionally do. How does Workingset Clock algorithm work. If seektime is 8msec and each track is 160KB. What is the access time to read 4KB. Couffman listed four requirements for a deadlock. Describe fourth one and how to prevent it. What are the advantages of inverted page tables. What is a soft link. Implement soft link and hard links...
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...Fall 2011 COMP 3511 Homework Assignment #1 Solution Handout Date: Sept. 22, 2011 Due Date: Oct. 6, 2011 Name: ______________ ID: ___________________ E-Mail: _____________ COMP 3511 L __ Please read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions: You should finish the homework assignment individually. There are a total of 4 questions. When you write your answers, please try to be precise and concise. Fill in your name, student ID, email and Section number at the top of each page. Submissions without this information will be discarded. Please fill in your answers in the space provided, or you can type your answers in a Word file. Homework Collection: the hardcopy is required and the homework is collected at the collection box (#6, #7) or in class. (22 points) Please answer the following question in 2-3 sentences 1) (8 points) What is the benefit of Direct Memory Access (DMA)? Is interrupt still needed when a DMA is used? Can DMA operations possibly interfere with CPU operations? 1. Answer: This frees up the CPU during I/O operation, so the CPU can be better used; Or to improve the CPU utilization (3 points). Interrupt is still needed when the DMA operation is completed in order to inform the CPU (2 points). If a DMA and CPU access memory at the same time, it can interfere with each other (3 points). 2) (4 points) Why is it necessary to separate user mode and kernel mode? Answer: This provides some level of protection so that user programs...
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...Chapter 2 OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS SYS-ED/ Computer Education Techniques, Inc. Solaris System Administration: Introduction Operating System Concepts Objectives You will learn: • Operating system components. • Solaris usage of processes. • File management and file systems. • Use of the Solaris Management Console. SYS-ED/COMPUTER EDUCATION TECHNIQUES, INC. (Solaris – System Admin: Intro - 6.5) Ch 2: Page i Solaris System Administration: Introduction 1 Operating System Concepts Operating System: Definition An operating system is the set of programs that controls a computer. The core of the operating system is the kernel. The kernel is a control program that functions in privileged state that allows all hardware instructions to be executed. It reacts to interrupts from external devices and to service requests and traps from processes. The kernel creates and terminates processes and responds to requests for service. Operating systems are resource managers. The main resource is computer hardware in the form of processors, storage, input/output devices, communication devices, and data. Operating system functions include: • Implementing the user interface. • Sharing hardware among users. • Allowing users to share data among themselves. • Preventing users from interfering with one another. • Scheduling resources among users. • Facilitating input/output. • Recovering from errors...
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...UNDERSTANDING THREADS Simply put, a thread is a program's path of execution. Most programs written today run as a single thread, causing problems when multiple events or actions need to occur at the same time. Let's say, for example, a program is not capable of drawing pictures while reading keystrokes. The program must give its full attention to the keyboard input lacking the ability to handle more than one event at a time. The ideal solution to this problem is the seamless execution of two or more sections of a program at the same time. Threads allow us to do this. A process is essentially a "heavy" unit of multitasking: as an approximation, think of it as an "application" (though it can include 'background' or 'system' processes such as your battery monitor, mouse and keyboard server, PDA synchronization tool etc). A thread, on the other hand, is a more "lightweight" unit. Threads are can be seen essentially sub processes. Informally, we can think of them as tasks that belong to a program and that can run "simultaneously". For them to run simultaneously, each of these two tasks will run in a separate thread. Depending on the number of CPUs available and the number of competing threads, some of those threads actually will run in parallel on different CPUs, whilst in other cases the illusion of simultaneous execution will be achieved by "juggling" threads in and out of the available CPUs. A part of the OS called the thread scheduler takes care of deciding...
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...Chris and Pat Smith, and Martin and Miller decided it was best to have a termination contact set in place to secure all partakers in their final decisions. They noted it was best for all to have precise, clear explanations all of all essential fundamentals for the termination of their business partnership. An acknowledgement of the effective termination date would need to be set, and all potential risks, if any, should be stated for all parties. The owners and the chefs would meet for a period of 30 minutes and try to dissolve their partnership. The owners and the chefs blame each other for the failure of At Your Service; however, all partakers should act as responsible, mature adults during the meeting. It would speed up the termination process; especially if all partakers can...
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...Case Study Tresa Jellison HCS/483 November 12, 2012 Dr. Kaderie Case Study The basic IT implementation process is the whole process of setting up and running an IT based program for a company. It starts from the beginning to the end of the process and throughout the whole process even after the last step has been taken. You have the planning stage, and this will include what exactly what you are looking for and what you want the program to do and how it will operate. Who will be using this program and who will it be beneficial to. You will have to go and get bids or quotes from companies that can provide this type of service. Depending on what is being implemented you have to do weeks, months and even years of research to ensure that the program will benefit everyone involved and that time and money is not being wasted. A lot of the things that were done are this analysis did not follow the fundamentals of implementation. During the execution of the program there where many bugs that had to be fixed that could have been prevented if the right questions and queries where ran before going live. There should have been a trial or practice run before the whole system went live. And they should have not done it at all of the sites. Only a couple of the sites should have had the program and should have been using it to get the bugs out. There were way off budget and there were a lot of hidden details that should have been reported. At least this way there would have...
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...Labs Lab 4.1: Using Linux Command-Line Basics What is the purpose? This lab demonstrates how to redirect data from a process and how to identify and kill a process. What are the steps? • Task 1: Redirecting and piping standard output Procedure 1. Obtain a list of files from the home directory, including the hidden files. Redirect the output to a file named Listing by using the ls -a > listing command. 2. Obtain a long list of files, including the hidden files, and append the output to the same file. 3. Use the cat listing | less command to view the file and pipe the output to less. 4. Use the cat command to view the file again. However, this time, pipe the output to lpr to print the file. 5. Redirect the output of ls to the special file /dev/null. What happens? It’s redirected to dev/null Why? It’s null. • Task 2: Putting tasks in the background and terminating the job Procedure 1. Use the tail –f command to view your listing file from the previous task. The –f option tells tail to follow changes; therefore, the file will continue to run this command until you cancel the command by pressing Ctrl+C. Put the file in the background using the tail -f listing & command. You may need to press Enter again to view the command prompt. 2. Put the process in the background and display the prompt again. Run the top command in the foreground. This will provide you a list of your top 20 processes by CPU usage. Put this list in the background and stop it by pressing...
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...are compared. Process Management, File Management, Memory Management, and Security are going to be compared between Windows, Linux, UNIX, and Mac operating systems. Every operating system is different and is interesting to see how every piece of software has the same outcome but has different procedures in between. Process management is defined as how the OS manages multiple programs running at the same time. A thread is a feature of an OS that enables parallel processing within a single process. UNIX, Windows, and Mach are all multitasking systems that support both processes and threads. They can be compared in several respects with regard to the process management features. When executing a program on UNIX, the system creates an environment for that program. In this setting there is everything needed to execute that program. The OS tracks processes though a five digit number Recognized as the Process ID. Each process has its own unique PID. PID’s ultimately repeat because all the probable numbers are used, and the next PID repeats the system again. At any time, no two Processes with the same PID occur in the system, because it is the PID that UNIX uses to track its processes. Each UNIX process has two ID numbers. The PID or process ID, and PPID or Parent process ID. Each user process in the system has a PPID. Normally, when a child process is killed, the parent process is told by a SIGCHLD signal. Then the parent can do another task, or restart a new process as needed. When...
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...When being ask a question in today’s society, the automatic answer or reaction in order find a solution would be through the use of technology. We as the people have grown dependent on the world of the Internet, the accessibility of our phones and uses of clocks. A thought that we find hard to comprehend is that just about thirty years ago some of these tools did not exist. How has technology affected our minds and the way we think or even process information? Can we say we have turned our brains into a living computer, or are so dependent on outside answers that we have stopped thinking for ourselves? Now and days we have entered a state of obliviousness on how little knowledge and wisdom we truly have. It is very interesting to think about on how technology especially the television could affect our attention span and the information that is being given to us. In Postman’s “Amusing Ourselves to Death” he states a precise point “the average length of a shot on network television is only 3.5 seconds, so that the eye never rests, always has something to see” (86). This statement alone shows and proves on how peoples attention span is constantly shifting and changing focus to see what else is there is to see or what is next to come. As the Internet becoming more useful to people, written stories or narratives are becoming more extinct. In the article “The Transition to Digital Journalism” the author Paul Grabowicz’s stated, “Younger people in particular are said...
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