CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
The ways computer application is embraced in every aspect of human life shows that every activity, organization cooperation, companies, hospitals; need to be computerized. Hospital activities are not left out. The information revolution that has moved from the individual age to the information age is a result of several developments in electronic and information. The high to revolution and computer in particular is availability of power at modest cost for the consumption of business organization makes the difference. Furthermore, it is very necessary to survey continually the use of the newly discovered or developers to make changes of existing technology. This fact points the need to document every aspect of computer system. Attention should be turned towards reduced need to understand the technicalities, which the system developers bothered with in order to design and implement a new system. The activities of hospital which includes personal record, drug inventory, disease inventory, death statistics and birth statistics keeps on growing from time to time due to apparent population explosion. These areas can benefit from the information technology tool called computer. The control and management of the data call for database management system (DBMS), which handle structure data that will store manual on card index or cabinet containing files, (Muzzi M, 2010).
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Birth and death records are probably the most valuable source of archive information when trying to unravel family history in England and Wales. Until the summer of 1837, the main source of this information for England and Wales were parish records-details kept books. However in 1836 an act was published requiring that all births and deaths be registered. The idea was that a uniform and consistent system of recording would be introduced and a certificate would be issued. Registration started in England and Wales on 1st July 1837 with births and deaths which occurred on or after that date being registered. For various reasons it is estimated that up to 20% of births were not registered initially. The General Register Office was created in 1837 and was in charge of collecting and collating this data. The birth or death would be registered in the district where it happened, then every three months, the registrar would send a copy of all the entries to the Registrar General in London. Today these records have survived to computerlized system, both the quarterly index and the certificates themselves, (Laurie B and Hart G, 2013).
Birth registration of children under age five increased from 10 percent in 2006 to 40 percent in 2008 in Bangladesh. In order to introduce electronic birth registration in the country, the Government developed the Birth Registration Information System software package in 2002 in two locations to introduce electronic birth registration and create a central database to be shared with other services, (Paurashava G, 2007).
One of the first computerized birth registration services in the municipality was the registration of births and deaths by the Health Department, beginning in February 2003 with the digitization of vital records for better preservation in India. This was followed by the launch of OLIR (On Line Institution Registration) in January 2004 and the setting up of a computerized CSB in each zone. Under the OLIR scheme all government and private hospitals/ institutions have been provided with user IDs and passwords. Each vital event (birth or death) occurring in the hospitals/ nursing homes is registered online by the institutions themselves. At present, nearly 400 hospitals have been integrated with the municipality for online institutional registration of births and deaths. Because the scheme primarily covers institutional births, the head of the family or the relative living nearest to the registration centre registers births or deaths that have taken place at home, ( UNICEF, 2007).
UNICEF supported the integration of birth registration into maternal and child health clinics throughout the country and the mandating of principal public health officers and public health officers at district and divisional levels as registrars and deputy registrars in Gambia. Efforts are underway at the Ministry of Health to computerize the birth registration system. Draft digitized birth certificates have been produced and are being analysed. Funding for this initial establishment of a computerized birth registration system and its subsequent maintenance remains a constraint. However, recent developments in 2009 include the delivery of computer software to the Ministry of Health that will facilitate the storage and retrieval of birth registration data by Gambian philanthropists, (Venugopal, 2013).
The computerization of the paper-based system started in 2003 and by 2008 the new e-system was able to issue registration certificates directly from a central database in Albania, (Markisz S, 2009).
Birth and Death information were maintaining in hard copy form in Karnataka. Registration was being done manually. The issuance of Birth and Death certificates used to take more time on account of manual searching of entries and writing the certificates. The National and State Registrar offices did not have easy access to the Birth and Death data base. The Government of Karnataka, as part of its urban reforms process, introduced the system of computerizing the Birth and Death records, online registration of Births and Deaths and issuing of computerized certificates, (FICSARE, 2008).
With support from UNICEF, the Uganda Registration Services Bureau (URSB), is developing a BDR (Birth Death Registration) policy to create an enabling environment. Is implementing a Mobile Vital Records System (Mobile VRS) that was developed through a public-private partnership to improve timely delivery of BDR services in hospitals and local governments. And has worked with the Ministry of Health to integrate birth registration into health outreach programs known as Family Health Days (FHDs). Faith Based Organizations mobilize their congregations to access outreach services including birth registration, and also provide spaces where the services are delivered. Mobile VRS enables the use of internet connected computers in hospitals and local governments to register births as well as the use of mobile phones in communities to send birth notifications from any part of Uganda into the central government Civil Registration database in real time. Since September 2011, when the first baby was registered using Mobile VRS in Mulago national referral hospital, a total of 1,486,344 persons have been registered in the system in 135 hospitals and 33 out of 112 local governments, of which 602,925 are children under 5 years (49 percent girls), (UNICEF, 2013).
Death and birth registration were conducted by using manually system (papers) in Tanzania, this leads to many people being unregisted at a time. The recent Demographic Health Survey (DHS) conducted in the United Republic of Tanzania in 2010 showed that only 16 percent of children under the age of five have been registered, of whom only 6 percent had received birth certificates. Registration rates have not improved significantly for over a decade. July 2013 marked the beginning of the roll out of a new birth registration system in Mbeya region utilizing a mobile application to five priority regions. Innovative technology means that data is now quickly being uploaded to a centralized system through mobile phones to record all birth registrations. Before the start of the campaign in Mbeya Region, there were more than 383,000 children aged under 5 without a birth certificate approximately 90 percent, (Mariana, 2013).
Amana hospital, which is my case study, is located along the Uhuru road near the centre of Dar es Salaam City in Ilala municipal, it is one of the big hospital established in Tanzania. The hospital was established on 1954 as a dispensary, in 1982 it has been upgraded to become a health centre, in 1990 the hospital upgraded again to become a Municipal/District hospital and in October 2010 the hospital was announced by the Government as a regional referral hospital with 350 workers of different carders. Hospital has the catchments area of 1,179,992 km2 and sometimes the hospital serves people from the nearby regions, (Sangawe, 2014).
The Hospital has a bed capacity of 350 beds, and an average of outpatient visit of 800 to 1200 patients per day. The Hospital acts as a regional referral from 18 lower government owned health facilities, and 145 private health facilities. The hospital workers works in different departments which includes;- Administration department and Supportive services department, Outpatient department, Inpatient department, Antenatal Clinic department, Paediatrics and child health department, Surgery department, Obstetrics/Gynecology department and Hierarchy of the Radiology Department, (Chussi, 2014).
Services available at Amana Regional Referral Hospital are dental service, laboratory services, mortuary service, surgery services, orthopedic service, insurance services, radiology services and macho, (Grace, 2014).
1.2 Problem Statement
The baby care unit (BCU) is un-charge of babies born in the hospital. This documentation has created problem in filling unit of the hospital. Mostly, it occupies some rooms which should have been useful for other important thing in the hospital. Considering the fact that the activities of the organization is operated manually, it become necessary to date the problem encountered in carrying out their daily duty, since the sole aim of the care unit produces useful information needed by the management in the death and birth and deal rate of the people who die and the born babies in the hospital. It become frustrating when this information is not accurate makes the system to encounter the problem of having so much file work. This transit state above, most a time employee’s file may be missing.
This hinders any updating that may be necessary in the birth and death rate record. The amount of paper document has increased to the extent resulting difficult in referencing by the research doctors of that particular hospital. The problem of access could be improved by the use of computer and this makes the interest of the researcher to be high on this topic and to the development of more point, database management system.
1.3 Research Objectives
1.3.1 Main Objective
The main objectives of this project is to design and implement an online death and birth rate monitoring system which will enable to keep accurate record on the death and birth rate statistics.
1.3.2 Specific objectives
i. To identify the limitation of manual Death and Birth Rate Monitoring system in Amana Regional Referral Hospital. ii. To examine the perceived challenges facing the current system for Death and Birth rate in Amana Regional Referral Hospital. iii. To establish the perceived benefits of the online Death and Birth Rate Monitoring System in Amana Regional Referral Hospital.
1.4 Research Questions

i. What are the limitations of a manual Death and Birth Rate Monitoring system? ii. What are challenges facing the current system for Death and Birth rate monitoring? iii. What are the benefits of the online Death and Birth Rate Monitoring System?

1.5 Assumption
Using of online birth and death rate monitoring system can reduce paper documents and provide accurate information. Can easily be updating and referencing by research doctors. Also the society can benefit in certificate issue, they can get the certificates in a short period of time
1.6 Scope
The project will be conducted in Amana Regional Referral Hospital because of the inability of covering all the hospital and it will also cover the likes of all staffs and the society in general. The project will use TAM technology (Technology Acceptance Model) developed by Fred Davis in 1989.
The technology acceptance model is a model that targets on users acceptance behaviors toward an information system (IS) based on the beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors framework. TAM is specifically meant to describe computer usage behavior across a broad range of end-user computing technologies and user populations. TAM has became one of the most widely applied models for explaining and predicting usage intentions and acceptance behaviors of information technologies (Venkatesh, 2000). For more than two decades, TAM has been accepted as a valid model for predicting the acceptance of information technology in work and academics. In order to explain and predict user acceptance of specific types of computer-based information systems (IS) in a work environment, Davis modified the belief-attitude-intention-behavior relationship of TRA and proposed the technology acceptance model. It shows how users come to accept a system and how they will use that system based on Perceived Usefulness (PU), "the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance" and Perceived ease-of-use (PEOU), "the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free from effort".
The time taken to conduct the whole project will be six (6) months.
1.7 Significance of the study
It will help the society to get death and birth certificates in a short period of time.
It will help policy makers to formulate the correct policies according to the record being recorded.
The study is very important to the government in future references for determining death and birth rate statistics record during population study.
It shows how useful information needed by the management will be provided in the death and birth and deal rate of the people who die and the born babies in the hospital.
It shows how amount of paper documents will be reduced hence easy in referencing by research doctors of that particular hospital.
1.8 Operational Definitions of Key Terms

Design: Is the creation of a concept or idea into a configuration, drawing, model, mould, pattern, plan or specification on which the actual or commercial production of an item is based.
Implementation: Is a specified set of activities designed to put into practice an activity or program of known dimensions.
Online: Is the condition of being connected to a network of computers or other devices.
Death Rate: Is a number that shows how many people died in a particular place or during a particular time.
Birth Rate: Is a number that shows how many babies are born in a particular place or during a particular time.
Monitoring: Is the systematic process of collecting, analyzing and using information to track a program’s progress toward reaching its objectives and to guide management decisions. Monitoring usually focuses on processes, such as when and where activities occur, who delivers them and how many people or entities they reach.
System: Is a set of detailed methods, procedures and routines created to carry out a specific activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem.

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Overview
This chapter provides a critical review of related studies in the existing literature made by other scholars and academicians on online death and birth rate monitoring system. It comprises of conceptual frame work and research gap.
2.2 Related Studies
2.2.1 Limitation of manual Death and Birth Rate Monitoring System
According to Carolyn and Thomas (1998), the separation and isolation of data when the data is stored in separate files it becomes difficult to access. It becomes extremely complex when the data has to be retrieved from more than two files as a large amount of data has to be searched. Duplication of data due to the file system leads to uncontrolled duplication of data. This is undesirable as the duplication leads to wastage of storage space. It also costs time to enter the data more than once. For example, the information of a born child may have to be duplicated in other patient file data.
Data dependence, the physical structure and storage of data files and records are defined in the application code. This means that it is extremely difficult to make changes to the existing structure. The programmer would have to identify all the affected programs, modify them and retest them. Also incompatible File Formats, since the structure of the files is embedded in application programs, the structure is dependent on application programming languages. Hence the structure of a file generated by C++ programming language may be quite different from a file generated by JAVA programming language. This incompatibility makes them difficult to process jointly. The application developer may have to develop software to convert the files to some common format for processing. However, this may be time consuming and expensive, (Carolyn, 1998).
According to Yuganth (2012), the problems associated with training and advising people to be disciplined enough to maintain the maintenance system, i.e. to write the data into the system report acquisition problems. The effort associated with finding meaningful data and statistics in the system registers and logs with good design are difficult. Summarizing data and writing reports take lot of time, cost money and employees. The same data gets repeated over and over since the workers find it hard to keep track of the documents and information. And since data is stored in filing cabinets it is freely available to anyone, if information falls into the wrong hands it can be used against the company and customers and can blackmail them. So when entering data customers might have accidentally switched details and data since it is hand written, there will be unavailability for future use, since data might get misplaced during manual filing. So data won’t be preserved properly for future use. If there are any changes to be made, the data will have to be entered again at times the worker would forget to make the changes or forget that they had already altered it and might redo it again, its again time consuming.
According to Laurie (2013), since the data and paper is stored in filing cabinets it consumes too much place, as the amount of work done on paper increases the filing cabinets too increases. Manual based systems are very much dependent on application programs. Any query or report needed by the organization has to be developed by the application programmer. With time, the type and number of queries or reports increases. Producing different types of queries or reports is not possible in manual Based Systems. As a result, in some organizations the type of queries or reports to be produced is fixed. No new query or report of the data could be generated.

2.2.2 The perceived challenges facing the current system for Death and Birth Rate
According to Mariana Muzzi (2013), The availability of birth and death registration data that enables a more accurate measurement of child health by solving the denominator problem. Knowing the denominator of the population is a prerequisite for accurate health statistics. For example, in order to calculate death coverage rates statistics need not only track the number of dead people, but also need to estimate the size of the target population (the denominator). Likewise, under registration of children generates under estimations of infant mortality. Online death and birth registration is an essential building block of national statistical systems. Computerized, a birth and death registration system can serve as the backbone of an electronic health administration system for improved monitoring, planning and service delivery. Ultimately, one basic database could be used for all services.
According to Gazpur Paurashava (2007), by using online registration amount of paper documents is reduced hence easy in referencing by research doctors and useful information needed by the management will be provided in the death and birth and deal rate of the people who die and the born babies.
According to Pathol J (2010), the formalization of data in computerized systems may also create ambiguity and uncertainty because it can dramatically change the information environment in which people work. Data are always produced with a particular purpose, and their specificity and flexibility is likewise customized to suit that purpose. One of the substantial benefits of information systems is their ability to integrate work, departments and organizations. But unfortunately, health professionals, departments and organizations do not always want to be integrated in the way that information systems allow. It may seem a truism these systems have on efficiency, effectiveness and quality of healthcare, but also to the qualitative studies investigating the usability of these systems and their impact on work processes. Online systems are constructed with the purpose of giving people the means to make them work.
2.2.3 The perceived benefits of the online Death and Birth Rate Monitoring System
According to Sri Venugopal (2013), the online registration process is quicker than manual system. The registration information is processed as soon as you click "Submit", "Send" or similarly worded button. Once you submit your information through an online registration process, your information is stored in the service's database. And also the issue death and birth certificates used to take more time in account manual searching of entries and writing the certificates but the use of online system will solve this problem.
According to UNICEF (2013), In many countries the MoH maintains reliable and up-to-date records on births and deaths. It records important details related to the identification of a child in a birth delivery book, as well as on child immunization cards or growth monitoring cards. For the health sector by using computerlized system more accurate measurement of child health by solving the denominator problem. Knowing the denominator of the population is a prerequisite for accurate health statistics, improved accuracy of health statistics in high risk population groups. When lack of birth and death registration is concentrated among population groups at higher risk (i.e. indigenous populations living in hard to reach areas, poverty stricken areas such as slums), estimates of child mortality may be systematically underestimated. If computerized, a birth registration system can serve as the backbone of an electronic health administration system for improved monitoring, planning and service delivery, as well as enhanced monitoring of each individual child’s health status. Ultimately, one basic database could be used for all services. Vital registration systems are the preferred source of data on under-five mortality because they collect information prospectively and cover the entire population, when compared to Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). The Ministry of Health (MoH) is in a position to encourage patients to register births and death, register children and monitor birth and death registration through its health facilities and programmes such as prenatal care, immunization campaigns and vitamin A supplementation.

2.3 Conceptual framework

Figure 1: The diagram showing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Numerous empirical have proved TAM as a capable model that predicts and explains IT acceptance even with comparison to other models (e.g. Bagozzi, 1992). In order to explain and predict user acceptance of specific types of computer-based information systems (IS) in a work environment, Davis (1989) modified the belief-attitude-intention-behavior relationship of TRA and proposed the technology acceptance model. TAM provided the linkages between two key belief determinants, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU), and user’s attitudes toward using (A), behavioral intentions to use (BI) and actual system use of the computer systems. Figure 2: The diagram showing a conceptual framework
The first three independent variables (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, and Social Influence) are the concluded determinants of Behavioral Intention of Online birth and death registration. The fourth independent variable of Facilitating Conditions and the Behavioral Intention are the determinants of Use Behavior. The lines are used to present the dependency relationships. The final independent variable of Registration Risks is added to explore and analyze the potential influence on Behavioral Intention of Online Birth and Death Registration. The solid lines are used to present the mainly examined relationship between Registration risks and behavioral intention.
H1. Performance Expectancy has a positive influence on the behavioral intention towards adopting online birth and death registration.
H2. Effort Expectancy has a positive influence on the behavioral intention towards adopting online birth and death registration.
H3. Social Influence has a positive influence on the behavioral intention towards adopting online birth and death registration.
H4. Registration Risks has a negative influence on the behavioral intention towards adopting online birth and death registration.
H5. Facilitating Conditions have a positive influence on the use behavior towards adopting online birth and death registration.
H6. Behavioral intention has positive influence towards use behavior in online birth and death registration.
Performance expectancy (PE), which is similar to the concept of perceived usefulness in TAM, is the extent to which an individual believes that using the system will gain benefits or enhance job performance. The performance expectancy construct should have positive influence on the behavioral intention of an individual on using a new technology.

Effort Expectancy (EE), which is similar to Perceived Ease of Use in TAM, is perception of the extent of expended effort in using the system. It generally believes that people would use a new technology if they find it easy to use.

Social influence (SI) is equivalent to subjective norm TAM2 in which an individual perceives that important others believe the person should use the new technology. For the proposed model, the third hypothesis (H3) states that “Social Influence has a positive influence on the behavioral intention towards adopting online birth and death registration”.
Facilitating Conditions (FC) is defined as the degree of believing in the existence of the technical and organization infrastructures to support the usage of new technology. Unlike other constructs, facilitating conditions should have a direct influence on the actual usage of the new technology.
Registration Risks (RR) is the degree to which an individual believes and worries about the potential risks and subsequent loss aroused from the use of the system. The construct extends to explore, analyze and critically assess the negative influence factors on the adoption model of online birth and death registration. The proposed model of this study is going to explore the impact of Registration Risks; hence, the fourth hypothesis (H4) is defined as Registration Risks has a negative influence on the behavioral intention towards adopting online birth and death registration. To conclude the research model the first three (H1-H3) and the last (H5andH6) hypotheses are designed to verify and validate the proposed model. If results of the study match with the original model, the structure of the proposed model can be considered as the valid extension of the model.
The registration system will base on Performance Expectance which improves job performance to be higher and clear to provide good access. The system will use Effort Expectancy to reflect the amount of time used and to be user-friendly. Due to social Influence the user of the system will consider others to think of a system and allow organization support to provide direct influences on the registration process. In case of Facilitating Conditions the system will allow other equipments that are necessary to use that system. The registration risks which will also include system risk can erode relationships and potentially increase costs for both providers and their clients. Closely related to risk is the notion of risk management which will manage all possible risks on online Birth and Death registration.
Research Gap
The project designed and implemented to be successfully with no limitations, and errors should be of highly security to allow authentication and authorization of information, efficient, more reliable and accessible to everyone. All the limitations of manual system can be put into modification and all the requirements needed to implement the software are organized and followed the TAM model as according to Thomas and Carolyn (1998) shows that the limitations of the manual system should be modified through the use of online system.

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Overview
This chapter describes the procedures that are pursued in order to accomplish the objectives of this study. It includes the design and population of the research, sampling procedures, research instruments, validity and reliability of the research instruments used different gathering procedures, data analysis, ethical consideration and the limitations of study.
3.1 Research Design
Research design is a frame work for collection and analysis of data in order to establish the needs to design the proposed system. With reference to that, this study will entail on the distribution of questionnaires and Interview which will be held with the doctors and other staffs, so as to generate a well proposed system. The researcher will use an experimental research design to analyze the characteristics of the current system as well as to determine the characteristics of the proposed system.
3.2 Research population
This study will be conducted in Amana Regional Referral Hospital in Ilala District, Dar es Salaam. The data collection procedures target doctors, nurses and other staffs of the Amana Regional Referral Hospital with emphasis on data administrator. This will be the right target since no one understands better the functionalities of the existing system more than the data administrator. Also documentations of the very similarity of the system will be assessed for comparison.

Table 1: Research population
Workers Number %
Doctors 50 42%
Nurses 40 33%
Other staffs 30 25%
Total 120 100%
3.2.1 Sample Size
According to Kothari (2004), the term sample size refers to an item picked from the total population to be studied. In relation to that, the researcher will use mathematical formula (Slovin’s formula) which is given by n = N / (1 + Ne2) to determine the sample size. Where n = Number of sample size, N = Total population and e = Margin error (confidence level). Probability sampling will be chosen because everyone involved will have an equal chance of being selected in the sample and results are more likely to accurately reflect the entire population. This technique will also allow a selection of a random sample from the population without missing the entire portions of the audience. And the respondents will be selected from Antenatal Clinic department, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Department of obstetrics / gynecology and mortuary department of Amana Regional Referral Hospital in order to obtain a variance of ideas.
Therefore the sample size will be; n = 120/ (1 + 120* 0.05 2) n = 92
Where confidence level =95% which will give a margin error of 0.05
3.2.2 Sampling Procedure
Sampling is a whole process of drawing sample from a population. It consist of Probability and non Probability methods. Probability is where each member in the study population has a chance of being selected for the research sample while non Probability is where by not all members in the study population qualify to be the sample. The study will use stratified random sampling whereby a total population will be divided in four groups depends on the department they coming from. This division will make the researcher easier to collect and analyze the data. The researcher will use this technique because it is less expensive compared to other techniques.
3. 3 Research Instruments
Questionnaires
Questionnaires is the schedule of questions in which the respondents fill in his answers .In this instrument, respondents will be free to contribute their views and this will enable the researcher to get more information .
Questionnaires will be sent to several doctors and other staff members for information and opinions collection that will greatly the researcher to come up with a good system. Only closed ended questions with like scale will be given to the cross section of respondents which will make it easy to gather data. The researcher will adopt this type of questionnaires because questions asked in it will be easy to complete, analyze quantitatively and the responses that will be obtained through the use of this kind of questionnaire can be compared easily to different items hence it will make it easy researcher to detect a trend just by glancing at the responses.
Interview
Interview is verbal interaction between researcher and respondent. It is used to view information and opinions from the respondents.
Data will be extracted from the administrator, doctors, nurses and other staffs. A conducive environment will be provided for the interviewees so that they will feel free to let out the best they can. For example, the employees’ comfort ability with the proposal of introducing a new computerized system. Many computer illiterate employees fears of being replaced or displaced by the computer literate ones but they will be assured of their survival should they be ready to prove their competence in their activities.
3.4 Validity and Reliability of the Instrument
Validity refers to the degree to which results obtained from the analysis of the data actually represents the phenomena under study. In order to test the validity of the instruments, questionnaires were first scrutinized and approved by the university supervisor. The researcher later carried out pre-test of the instruments by piloting in the area of study that did not form part of the study. The pre-test results showed some questions were not clear to the respondents. Some terms in the piloted questionnaire were rather ambiguous and led to wrong interpretations. After piloting, the ambiguous questions were corrected and the questionnaires given back to the same respondents.
The reliability was done to determine whether the instrument would yield the needed data. The internal consistency reliabilities of the summated scale variables were tested with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient (α), that should not according to recommendations be below 0.70 (Nunnally, 1994). The items with insufficient loadings were not included in the summated scale variables in order to increase consistency A measure can be reliable without being valid, but it cannot be valid without being reliable.
3.5 Data Gathering Procedures
According to Kumar, R. (2004) defines data collection as the whole process of gathering information about a situation, person or phenomena. The study’s data will be conducted through primary and secondary means. Primary data is the data which collected directly by researchers through interview and questionnaire while Secondary data is the data which is collected through the Internet search, In libraries and reviews from different authors, published books, reports, journal and articles. The primary data collection will involve reviewing the sources which include the raw data obtained from doctors, nurses and staffs at Amana Regional Referral through interviews and questionnaires.
3.6 Data Analysis
The return collected from the field through interview, questionnaire and physical observation will be analyzed according to the objectives of the study. Data will be collected from the departments and it will be checked for accuracy. The collected data was first edited to remove errors then coded before being entered into computer software SPSS for quantitative analysis. Data was analyzed according to descriptive information following the research questions. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed, as it enabled the researcher to reduce, summarize, organize, evaluate and interpret the numeric information. Descriptive statistics are used because they are easy to analyze and convenient for the researcher and the study. These took the forms of percentages, means and frequency distribution. The findings were presented by use of tables, bar graphs, mean, frequencies and percentages. The analysis will lead the researcher to observe behaviors, situations and interactions that will help to arrive at the answers of the research questions. Also the existing system will be analyzed through gathering particulars from the existing documentation so as to determine the problem with the existing system and hence come up with an elucidation.
3. 7 Ethical Considerations
Actually no one can be forced to give data as they will give data with their own will and the researcher will consider invention of privacy, sensitive issues and personal bias which can result to unwilling of the respondent to refuse to give the researcher data which he wants.
The researcher will try by all means to keep away from everything that may damage reputation and integrity by obeying and complying with various ethical principles. For stance the principle of voluntary participation that requires people not to be coerced into participating in research will be adhered to. Informed consent- all research participants will be requested to authorize their participation in the study. Confidentiality and anonymity- where the researcher will make sure that information obtained from the respondents is kept secretly and this will even be guaranteed by not allowing them to show their identity for stance on the filled questionnaires.
3.8 Limitations of the Study
Due to wrong and incorrect information from the interviewee may affect the outcomes and the results.
The study limited to the individual hospital.

REFERENCES
Annual report on registration of Birth and Death in Delhi 2007
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Davis, F., 1989, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of
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Dependent Variable," Information Systems Research (3:1), pp 60-95.
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Health (FICSARE), the Situation of Birth Registration in Maternity Wards in the State of
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United Nations Children’s Fund Brazil and Foundation of Ceará for Reproductive Health
(FICSARE), the Situation of Birth Registration in Maternity Wards in the State of Rio
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United Nations children’s fund progress for children: a world fit for children statistical review
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APENDICES
Appendix I: Research Instrument
Questionnaire
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE DEATH AND BIRTH RATE MONITORING SYSTEM IN AMANA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL
Dear respondents,
The research is on DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE DEATH AND BIRTH RATE MONITORING SYSTEM IN AMANA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. This information is used for academics purpose, and will attempt to solve the challenge facing the registration of Birth and Death monitoring system.
Thank you for your assistance.
Personal information
1. Status (a) married (b) unmarried/divorced
2. Qualifications (a) PhD (b) master (c) undergraduate (d) others
3. How long have you been working in hospital (a) less than 5 years (b) 5-8 years (c) 8 years and above
4. Indicate your opinion regarding the following statements
Note: SA= strongly agree, A= agree, N= neutral, D= disagree, SD= strongly disagree

SA A N D SD
PART A: LIMITATION OF MANUAL DEATH AND BIRTH RATE MONITORING SYSTEM
The manual system is not a good system to store data, it allow isolation and separation of data
The existing system require many people to manage
The file system does not provide easy access to the records
Records are not arranged in a systematic order
Retrieval of records in a file system consume time
The manual system needs to be improved due to the duplication of data and to increase security of record
PART B: THE PERCEIVED CHALLENGES FACING THE CURRENT SYSTEM FOR DEATH AND BIRTH RATE
A manual system where records are kept in a computer will allow many people to manage
Some of the job positions is lost due to the use of current system
All the personnel responsible should be educated on how to use the system
The current system provides a chance for employment opportunity
The current system is more costly to mange
PART C: THE PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF THE ONLINE DEATH AND BIRTH RATE MONITORING SYSTEM

In terms of security, all the records will be well protected in current system

The hospital and society will benefit from this data base system due to faster and all the issue of certificates will take less time
Data access and retrieval will be simplified
Time consumption will be reduced
The new system will have a backup memory and the security of records will increase
There is a need for the hospital to adopt the new system
The new system can influence other hospitals to use it due to security and efficiency

Appendix II: Budget

For the proposed research report, the table below shows the expenses that will be incurred.

S/N PARTICULAR RATES AMOUNT (TSH)
1
Stationeries
1 ream of plane paper for photocopying
4 copies of research reports binding charges 10,000
12,000
10,000
48,000

2 Refreshments allowance for 1 month 70,000
3
Modem airtime for 1 month
Laptop(HP): 1 required
Modem (Airtel) 30,000
600,000
25,000
4 Transport allowance for 1 month 90,000

TOTAL
873,000

Appendix III: Time frame February March April May June July
1. Topic approval √
2. Collection of chapter one √
3. Collection of literature review √
4. Collection of methodology √
5. Preparation of research instrument and appendices √
6. Submission of proposal √
Appendix IV: Researcher’s CV
CARRICULUM VITAE
1. PERSONAL PARTICULARS
1.1 First Name : Amina
1.2 Second Name : Shaweji
1.3 Surname : Nyundo
1.4 Nationality : Tanzanian
1.5 Date of Birth : March 2, 1990
1.6 Sex : Female
1.7 Marital Status : Single
1.8 Languages : Fluent English (oral and written) : Fluent Swahili (oral and written)

2. CONTACT ADDRESS

2.1 Current Address: P.O.BOX 41895, DAR ES SALAAM. 2.2 Mobile number: 0713-174388 / 0689-299143 2.3 Email Address: shaweji.amina@yahoo.com

3. OBJECTIVE

Iam looking for utilizing my knowledge, and abilities in Computing Industry.

4. EDUCATION PROFILE

Name of school Duration Award
4.1 Kampala International University (KIU) 2012-2014 To be awarded Diploma in Computer Science December 2014.
4.2 Kampala International University (KIU) 2011-2012 Awarded Certificate in Information Technology
4.3 Tambaza High school 2008- 2010 Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education(ACSE)
4.4 Forodhani Secondary School 2004- 2007 Ordinary Certificate of Secondary Education(SCSE)
4.5 Shangani Primary School 1997-2003 Certificate of Primary Education

5: OTHER QUALIFICATION

5.1 Awarded a certificate in membership of ANT-AIDS club 5.2 Awarded a certificate in membership of Prevention and Combating Corruption Bureau (PCCB) club
6. FIELD EXPERIENCES
July to October 2011 attended Field studies at Tanzania Ports Authority (TPA) as part of continuous assessment at Kampala International University (KIU).
7. SKILLS 7.1 Communication skills
7.2 Team work skills
7.3 Interpersonal skills
7.4 Computer application skills

8. HOBBIES AND ABILITY 8.1 Organizing various cultural 8.2 Reading books 8.3 Playing netball 9. REFEREES
NAME CONTACT
1: MR. ABDALLAH HUSSEIN NJOPEKA, ACCOUNTANT, NATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY FUND (NSSF) NZEGA P.O BOX 332 NZEGA, TABORA
MOBILE: +255717283929
EMAIL: kinongo@yahoo.com
2: MR. DUSTAN DAUD MTIMA, HUMAN RESOURCE, TANZANIA PORTS AUTHORITY (TPA) MTWARA P.O BOX 530 MTWARA
MOBILE:
EMAIL:
3: MR. BENARD MASESE, DEAN OF COMPUTER DEPARTMENT, KAMPALA INTERNATION UNIVERSITY (KIU) DAR ES SALAAM P.O BOX 9790 DAR ES SALAAM
MOBILE: 0659615824
EMAIL: