...Developmental History Case Study A child’s developmental history provides descriptions of when and how the child achieved certain milestones, such as rolling over, crawling, and responding to sounds. Developmental histories also aid in the diagnosis of developmental disorders (Texas Autism, 2009). Saundra Moskoff recently analyzed the developmental history of Brittney Hoffman. This case study details the risks and developmental complications, the probable results of deficits, long-term consequences associated with disorders and illnesses, and the potential issues for Brittney based on the responses within the developmental history. Risks and Complications The developmental history contains nine areas: demographic information, primary caregiver/parent information, family history, childcare, pregnancy, birth, development, medical history, and medical care. Demographic Information Brittney’s demographic information indicates she lives in a middle-class neighborhood and attends a local preschool. A child’s environment greatly effects his or her development (Santrock, 2010). Healthy relationships within a loving family and the opportunity to interact with other children are essential qualities in the life of a child. Living in an impoverished neighborhood is a developmental risk factor. If the developmental history reported Brittney lived in an indigent neighborhood, an assessment in the areas of physical needs such as nutrition and personal hygiene may indicate neglect...
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...A Case Study using the Schedule of Growing Skills II Tool, in the Student’s own Clinical Practice Area. Introduction to the problem, a literature review. The term developmental delay is used to identify children that are significantly delayed in meeting developmental milestones. In children it is a major problem worldwide with an estimated prevalence rate of 3% (MacDonald & Rennie, 2011). In the United Kingdom 3% of school aged children are identified as having a special education need associated with either a learning difficulty or an autistic spectrum disorder (National Statistics, 2012). Early detection by professionals is deemed to be of great importance as recognised in a recent government drive with health visiting (DoH, 2011). It is also important because studies have highlighted the substantial benefits that early intervention can offer to children with varying needs (Camilli et al, 2010; Anderson et al, 2003). Therefore despite the implementation of child health surveillance services (Mackrides & Ryherd, 2011; Hamilton, 2006), in clinical practice, children are not being detected before they start school. In the UK and in the student’s own area of clinical practice developmental screening is undertaken by health visitors as part of the Healthy Child Programme (HCP). It is viewed as the core health service for protecting, promoting and improving the health and well-being of children (Department of Health, 2009). A review of...
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...A study conducted in Greater Manchester and Lancashire has identified that, the disease is more prevalent in areas with high unemployment, low income and teenage pregnancy, however the debate is still ongoing about the correlation between maternal age and SOD....
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...Case Study Paper Albert Einstein once said of himself, “Words or Language, as they are written or spoken, do not seem to play any role in my mechanism of thought.” (as cited in Chapman, Meyer & Weaver, 2009, p. 263). Albert Einstein was born in Ulm Germany on March the 19th 1879 (Chapman, Meyer & Weaver, 2009). When Einstein was 16 years old he sent a draft essay to his uncle on the subject of luminiferous aether. This began his scientific journey that would culminate in the quantification of the relationship between energy and matter: E=mc2. Nevertheless, before Einstein was made famous by his astrophysical postulations he navigated the not-so-easy waters of Germany primary and secondary school. He showed a slight delay in speech initially and was ranked poorly by many of his primary school teachers (Chapman, Meyer & Weaver, 2009). Einstein was not diagnosed with a learning disorder (LD) during his lifetime, so any such conjectures would constitute a purely retrospective diagnosis. To that end, it is imperative to examine the biological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of developmental learning disorders (DLD) in order to determine the validity of a retrospective diagnosis of DLD in the case of Albert Einstein. Biological Component DLD affects about 3% of children in the United States and entails a delay in language acquisition and assimilation below what is normal for a specific age (Clegg et. al., 2005). One biological explanation of DLD is that...
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...Case Study: Adam Lanza This paper aims to study the background and motivations for the violent act committed by Adam Lanza on December 14, 2012 at the Sandy Hook Elementary School. That day, Lanza, who was 20 years old, shot 20 children and six adults before he killed himself and after shooting his own mother (Stanglin & Bello, 2014). According to the Office of the Child Advocate report (2014), Adam Lazan shot his mother four times with a riffle. Later, he went to Sandy Hook Elementary School and eight minutes later he had killed 20 children within the ages of six and seven, and six staff members including the school principal, psychologist, teachers and teachers’ assistants. Finally, when first responders were arriving to the school he shot himself with a handgun. Such act resulted in the establishment of the Governor’s Sandy Hook Advisory Commission, which provides recommendations in public safety (Shooting at Sandy, 2014). In order to analyze the criminal act and the motivations behind it, first we will...
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...Certainly, parental neglect is not the sole or even the primary cause of the majority of NFTT cases; however, the factor of neglect should always be taken into consideration, since the possibility exists that neglect is the sole cause behind NFTT symptoms (Scholler & Nittur, 2012). Furthermore, NFTT cases are a large percentage of the number of FTT diagnoses. One study attests that up to 80% of all FTT cases fall into the NFTT category (Panetta, Magazzù, Sferlazzas, Lombardo, Magazzù, & Lucanto, 2008); a second study estimates the number of NFTT patients to be 50% (Khoshoo & Reifen, 2002). Regardless of the exact statistic, it remains clear that the issue of NFTT and its connection to child neglect is a weighty matter requiring closer examination and analysis. Symptoms and Diagnosis NFTT is most typically diagnosed in infancy and toddlerhood (Dykman, et al., 2001). Based on clinical experience, up to 80% of children diagnosed with NFTT are between the ages of 6 and 16 months (Rosenn, Loeb, & Sura, 1980). The symptoms in a child that can lead a physician or other...
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...Education (SPE 536) Latanya Barkley June 26, 2013 Case Study 1: Student in Early Childhood Special Education Over the course of time it became very clear to Sean Smith that two of his three sons had issues with learning. At first his son Ben was diagnosed with Autism, yet nothing seemed to change for him at first. While his son Ken, seem to have trouble from the time he was a year old and should have been learning to focus on his parents and others around him, soon Ken was also diagnosed with Autism. This is where Ken’s story begins; his brother’s Ben story will be seen again in Case Study 2. Ken’s journey begins in 2010 when he was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. He was then given a vision and hearing screening to access him for possible preschool placement. While Ken passed his vision screening it was noted that he only briefly looked at people yet he did show excitement when seeing his parents or computer games. He seemed attracted to bright colors and appeared to use his left hand most of the time. He also passed his hearing screening and was then ready to undergo his Special Education Eligibility Report. Ken’s journey toward special education placement began with his first Developmental Report. This is where Ken’s parents asked for him to be evaluated for special education due to significantly delayed speech and communication skills. He was assessed by Dr. Su Black, a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician, which diagnosed Ken with Autism Spectrum...
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...Toilet training is an important part of any kid’s life and when it comes down to kids with developmental delays, it is one of the most monumental moments. The purpose of this particular study was to successfully toilet train kids with autism and developmental delays in the school setting. Throughout this experiment, the paraprofessionals were tracking for correct behavior. The correct behavior in this case being, correctly urinating and/or defecating in the toilet without accidents on self. This study involved an intervention procedure which required the child to be sent to the bathroom every 30 minutes or so, they were reinforced for correct bathroom behavior by being given whatever it is they desire (food, candy, games, etc.) for a certain amount of time....
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...Case Study (Child with Global Developmental Delay) A. General Profile “Jelay” is a 7-year-old student at Creative Angels SPED Learning School who has moved to San Jose Del Monte Bulacan from her hometown of Bicol province. She was born on November 18, 2008, four years younger to her older brother who is now 11-year-old. She is with her 19-year-old cousin during the interview who is also the one who answered all the questions. She informed us that their home is only within from the school community, which is also part of the reason Jelay is enrolled there. The clients home is consist of eight (8) family members including her father, grandmother, cousins, and aunts.The clients parents were seperated and she is now living with her 45-year-old father, a college graduate now working as a contructor along with other family members mentioned earlier. It was also reported that the client owns a pet fish and loves to play “luto-lutuan” and is especially fond of her ball toy. TV shows that the client loves to watch includes “High 5” and other kiddie shows. The clients activities during the whole week includes going to school from Monday to Friday, 8:00-11:00 am or 9:00-12:00 pm depending on the day of week. When the client gets home the usual daily activity would be to eat, play and take a nap. The client usually wakes up at 5:30 am to take her medication and sleeps at around 9:00 pm every night. On weekends when there is no school to attend to, client still wakes up at 5:30 am again...
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...considerations, the use of norms, cultural bias etc. Methods: where you explain the methods used, reasons for choice, limitations, strengths and weaknesses. Results: evaluate the child's holistic development, list the three areas of development, physical, social and language, discuss the links between these areas, refer to the stages of development and child development theory in making your judgments. Discussion: summarize your findings, make recommendations for the child's learning and development. Bibliography Overall: mention why is it important to observe young children, what might the information be used for? What rights does the child have when being observed. Abstract Observation is a popular research tool that is used to study the behaviour of children; renowned theorists such as Vygotsky, Piaget, and many more child physiologists have used this tool for their research, allowing them to come up with significant insights, resulting in theories that continue to influence psychology and education today....
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...In addition to the three case studies, Nivedita Swaroop Cawand conducted a comparative study between children using an adaptive seating device during therapy sessions, and those who did not. This study focused on the impact of including the newly designed adaptive seating device, known as the D chair, during occupational therapy sessions for children with Down syndrome (Cawand, 2014). The D chair was redesigned to provide comfort and proximal stability at the child’s trunk, allowing the child to focus on developing fine motor skills (Cawand, 2014). Twenty-eight children were evenly split into an experimental group and a control group; the main focus of both groups focused on improving fine motor skills. The fourteen children in the experimental...
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...malnutrition can delay a child’s physical development significantly. On the other hand, according to the University of Minnesota, the role of some environmental factors, such as the amount of exercise the child is getting, has a much smaller effect on physical development than was previously thought. Genetics When a child is born, he has a unique set of genetic instructions that influence his physical growth. According to the University of Minnesota, genetics have a strong effect on rate of growth, the size of body parts and the onset of growth events. In one study, Dr. Stefan A. Czerwinski and colleagues followed their subjects for thirty years. By using such parental measurements as height and weight, these scientists were able to predict quite accurately the approximate height and weight of their subjects at the age of thirty. Other factors found to be closely linked to their parental values were blood pressure and body fat percentage, as well as muscle and total body mass. The study was published in the “American Journal of Human Biology” in September 2007. Environment Genetics alone, however, cannot determine the physical development of the child. The Minnesota Twin Studies have shown, for example, even identical twins who share the same genes can grow up to be of different height if they are raised in different environments. Such environmental factors as nutrition can affect physical growth significantly. According to the United Nations University, malnutrition can delay physical...
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...Abstract 3 Autism 4 Videogames and young people with Developmental disorders 10 Funding of Applied Behavior Analysis 11 Executive function in individuals with sub threshold Autism traits 12 Conclusion 14 References 15 Abstract The increasing number of individuals with Learning Disabilities (LD) and psychiatric disorders presents a key challenge to their assessment and treatment in mental health services. Children and young people with LD are more likely to experience mental health than the general population (Allington-Smith, 2006). There is a close relationship between autism spectrum disorder and learning disability. Epidemiological studies suggest that autism is more frequent in people with LD, nearly 40% of people with LD also have autism on the other hand, and nearly 70% of people with autism also have LD (La Mafa, 2004). The strong association between autism and LD (Bradley, 2004) also associates an increased risk of mental health problems. It is suggested that adults with LD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience symptoms of anxiety at a greater level than the general population; however, this requires more conclusive evidence in relation to the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adults with LD and autism. Autism Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three...
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...PSY 281: Developmental Psychology 16 November 2012 Case Study Iliana is a very outgoing, friendly 7 year old girl who is was born 3 month premature and remained hospitalized for 6 weeks until she reached a healthy weight to be released, as a result she has experience some developmental delays. Physical Development: Iliana stands at 3 ½ feet tall, she weighs 60 pounds. Iliana is an average 7 years with a few minor exceptions. Eating habits seem to fluctuate depending on what meal is being served, her favorite meal being a cheeseburger with tater tots. She is very active and quite talkative; she enjoys doing arts and crafts and drawing pictures for her grandma. She also enjoys building puzzles, she works and plays well with other children, she is very respectful and works well independently. Iliana sleeps 11-12 hours per night and still occasionally wets the bed. The child suffers from chronic asthma and takes steroids for this condition, In addition to using a nebulizer once a day. She also has a condition in which her eye muscles are under-developed due to her premature birth, this causes her to wear eye glasses; she occasionally has to wear an eye patch to strengthen her weaker eye. She has had numerous bilateral eye surgeries to correct her eyes from remaining crossed. Her eye condition does prevent her from reading as quickly as an average child her age; however it does not affect what she reads and learns it only seems to affect how long she spends...
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...children during a court case are reliable. Children's memory capacity, their susceptibility to suggestion, and the delay between a crime and providing an eyewitness statement are some factors that can influence the reliability of these reports. Eyewitness reports provided by children can be reliable if given within a reasonable time frame, and that the presented questions are not suggestive. Also, that the eyewitness reports are provided by older children (9 to 12 years old), their reports tend to be more reliable than those of younger children (5 to 8 years old). Taking these factors into account in future court cases with children as eyewitnesses will ensure the best possible reliability in children's statements. The number of children as eyewitnesses is ever-growing and therefore child eyewitnesses are more involved in the field of legal testimony (Flin, Boon, Knox, & Bull, 1992). Due to this greater involvement, it is frequently questioned whether children are able to serve as credible eyewitnesses during a court case, especially in cases where the sole eyewitnesses to an offense are children (Flin et al., 1992). There can be several factors that might influence the reliability of children's eyewitness reports. Firstly, children of all ages have the capability to give accurate reports when they are asked to freely recall a particular event. However, the younger the children are, the less detail they will eventually report. Secondly, the delay between being a victim or...
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