...Management of Diabetes in Adults Age 65 and Older: An Evolving Concept Analysis Yaounde Ross University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing In partial fulfillment of the requirements of N5327 Analysis of Theories in Nursing Ronda Mintz-Binder, RN, MN, DNP June 4, 2012 Management of Diabetes in Adults Age 65 and Older: An Evolving Concept Analysis Managing chronic illnesses like diabetes is becoming progressively essential in high-risk groups. The concept of managing diabetes in persons 65 and older, carry much responsibility by those who provide care and those receiving care. With marvel surrounding the first set of baby boomers who turned age 65 in January of 2011; it became evident that this country would embark upon its greatest challenge yet in managing the care of older adults. With this in mind, the management of chronic illnesses like diabetes and its associated complications is expected to become even more complex and difficult, with the realization that much is to be considered in preparation to care for this age group. In this analysis using the term management, as it relates to the older adult, implies direct guidance to treatment that is both accessible and practical. Review of Literature To better understand management of diabetes as a concept in adults age 65 and older, a review of disciplines is necessary to offer clarity in obtaining a greater sense of knowledge of the burden this disease places on the patient. In examining this concept...
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...Women and Diabetes: An Examination of Quality of Care for Medicare Recipients Abstract In recent years, diabetes has become one of the top 10 causes of death among women. Research has revealed that women 65 years and older account for 40% of the population and numbers are expected to increase exponentially. Vigorous medication management and coordination of care is instrumental in treating diabetes effectively. The patchwork of health insurance that exist today, particularly Medicare Part D, is culpable in allowing unequivocal disparities among race, gender, and socioeconomic status. This paper will examine quality of care among Medicare beneficiaries, particularly women, and implications for revision in social policy. Maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle is a necessity for achieving longevity. A nutritional, well balanced diet coupled with regular exercise is a simple, yet effective way to sustain healthy living. Neglecting to address diet and exercise, as part of a weekly regimen, is a precursor to the onset of an acute, lifelong illness. Diabetes is one of the largest and fastest growing causes of chronic disease mortality, morbidity, and disability in the United States (Robbins & Webb, 2006). Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent diabetes and no cure for the disease once acquired. According to the American Diabetes Association, more than twenty-three million Americans have diabetes. Patients age 65 years or older account...
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...Health Care Services HCA/240 December 1, 2013 Lorie Larson Diabetes is not only a disease, it is a deadly disease. Countless number of people has died from this disease worldwide, and many of which died right here in the United States of America. Learning about diabetes and getting tested early will definitely help with the number of expected cases and death. Being aware of this deadly disease and trends has definitely impacted our society in a good way. In today’s society, the health care systems have highly developed by prolonging life expectancy and quality of life, but prolonging one’s life expectancy has not come cheap for healthcare or easy. Diabetes mellitus occurs when the body cannot produce or respond appropriately to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that the body needs to absorb and use glucose (sugar) as fuel for the body’s cells. Without a properly functioning insulin signaling system, blood glucose levels become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities occur, leading to the development of serious, disabling complications (www.Healthypeople.gov ). The 3 common types of diabetes are Type 1 which is the results when the body loses its ability to produce insulin, type 2 which is the results from a combination of resistance to the action of insulin and insufficient insulin production, and the third type of diabetes is Gestational diabetes, a common complication of pregnancy. Gestational diabetes can lead to prenatal complications in mother and child and substantially...
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...Treating Diabetes Mellitus Type II Treating Diabetes Mellitus Type II Type II diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose levels. It characteristically results from a surplus caloric intake, as compared to energy consumption, combined with inadequate insulin secretion, due to dysfunction of the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells (Pfeiffer & Klein, 2014). Type II diabetes has reached pandemic levels, despite efforts to slow its progression. In a society where healthcare is ever-changing, primary care physicians, along with advanced practitioners are now treating this disease more readily, as compared to specialist and endocrinologist in the past. As with many disease processes, there are several options when choosing a treatment plan for type II diabetes. Combining knowledge and evidence-based research, the practitioner will be able to establish an individualized treatment plan for treating type II diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology Type II diabetes is a very complex, non-communicable disease that effects more than 370 million people throughout the world. The symptoms of this disease can vary from patient to patient. Without intense and concentrated efforts to address the pathogenesis and treatment of this syndrome, the destructive macrovascular and microvascular outcomes of type II diabetes will remain a major problem for years to come (Kahn, Cooper, & Del Prato, 2014). In T2D plasma insulin levels may be low,...
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...the Delivery of Healthcare Services HCA/240 July 2, 2010 There are many changes that the U.S. population is going through, and health care is amongst one of them. Americans have begun to live longer seeing an older age. Diversity is playing a role in this change to. Growth is driven by the high birth rates between ethnics and racial minorities along with immigrants. This diversity will lead many to be uninsured. Many of the older generation enter into the health care system with a unique set of problems, conditions, and values. The question is how the needs and desires of each person will be appropriately addressed in such a rapidly changing health care environment (Advameg, 2012). The changes that come with each person during the aging process can affect each individual different. As we all begin to get older the digestive process becomes less effective, and in older people it’s the common cause for malnutrition. Some elderly people are unable to digest food properly or they lose their appetite. The body continuously needs to be nourished, and without that nourishment the body doesn’t have the proper energy that it need. Physical characteristics of a population such as age currently effect the population by 12% for those that are 65 years or older (Advameg, 2012). It’s estimated by the year 2030 to reach 21%. The growth of those 80 and over require more expensive and intensive medical care because of how fast they are growing in number. Troubling questions...
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...telephone. In a randomized control trial of 200 adults (mean age 53 years old) with serious mental illness (schizophrenia 25%, major depressive disorder 48%) and diabetes mellitus, TTIM program participants reported improved psychiatric symptoms and general functioning compared to usual care 37. TTIM participants demonstrated significantly greater knowledge of diabetes compared to the control group and 98% of TTIM participants considered the program to be useful. However, no differences were found between the intervention and control group with respect to general health status, self-management of diabetes, systolic blood pressure or body mass index. Integrated Illness Management and Recovery (I-IMR) Integrated Illness Management and Recovery (I-IMR) is a recovery-oriented intervention that combines training and coaching in both psychiatric and medical illness self-management into a single integrated curriculum and program aimed at improving outcomes for older adults (age 50+) with SMI and chronic health conditions38,39. Integrated Illness Management and Recovery (I-IMR)...
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...INTERVENTION/TOOLS FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES This paper will discuss the ways by which diabetes can be treated or managed by using different approaches, the diagnosis, and ways to prevent complications of diabetes Here in America, Diabetes is a major cause of heart disease and stroke .Diabetes is among the leading cause of death in the United States. According to the statistics and facts provided by the NDEP (National Diabetes Education Program), it is stated that 25.8 millions of Americans have diabetes and in 2010 about 1.9 millions people of 20 years of age or older are diagnosed with diabetes. However, some studies have also proved that weight loss and increase physical activity can help prevent or even delay prediabetes patients from progressing or complication (cdc.gov/diabetes/2011). Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, non traumatic lower limb amputation due to infection, gangrene, loss of function etc. even the new cases of blindness among adults (cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs2011). Two groups of ages were used in this research for the diagnosed and the undiagnosed diabetes from the age of 20-65 years or older. In United States 2010, it is estimated that the total prevalence of diabetes people both the diagnosed and undiagnosed either in any racial/ethnical minority populations are likely to have diabetes, although the data available was not sufficient. For group age 20 or older, it is 25.6million or 11.3% of all...
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...government programs being affected. The second contributor is obesity. Since this can go in hand with the aging these are the main reasons we need to look at our delivery systems. Aging The median age of the world's population is increasing because of a decline in fertility and a 20-year increase in the average life span during the second half of the 20th century. These factors, combined with elevated fertility in many countries during the 2 decades after World War II (i.e., the "Baby Boom"), will result in increased numbers of persons aged >65 years during 2010--2030. Worldwide, the average life span is expected to extend another 10 years by 2050. The growing number of older adults increases demands on the public health system and on medical and social services. Chronic diseases, which affect older adults disproportionately, contribute to disability, diminish quality of life, and increased health- and long-term--care costs. Increased life expectancy reflects, in part, the success of public health interventions, but public health programs must now respond to the challenges created by this achievement, including the growing burden of chronic illnesses, injuries, and disabilities and increasing concerns about future caregiving and health-care costs. This report presents data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the World Health Organization, and the United Nations on U.S. and global trends in aging,...
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...demonstrated how the process of evidence-based practice can be utilized in the case of Mr. Banks to provide viable solutions to challenges faced as a result of depression and type 2 diabetes. The work commences with the problem identification. Then an answerable question is developed to guide the work in identifying the best evidence-based literature to address Mr. Banks’ issue. The identified scholarly material...
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...Diabetes Diabetes is a life-long disease marked by elevated levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It can be caused by too little insulin (a chemical produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar), resistance to insulin, or both. Approximately 2.7 million or 11.4% of all African Americans aged 20 years or older have diabetes. However, one-third of them do not know it. The most life-threatening consequences of diabetes are heart disease and stroke, which strike people with diabetes more than twice as often as they do others. Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates 2 to 4 times higher than those without diabetes. African Americans with diabetes are at increased risk for heart disease, stroke and other macro vascular complications. Other complications of diabetes include blindness, kidney disease, and amputations. Most African Americans (about 90 to 95 percent) with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. This type of diabetes usually develops in adults and is caused by the body's resistance to insulin and to impaired insulin secretion. Although it is a very serious disease, diabetes can be treated with diet, exercise, diabetes pills, and injected insulin. A small number of African Americans (about 5 percent to 10 percent) have type 1 diabetes, which usually develops before age 20 and is always treated with insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. The cause of diabetes continues to be a...
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...The disease Diabetes is named for one of its symptoms. It is a Greek word derived from the verb diabainein, meaning siphon or pass-through which makes reference to the excessive amount of urine that individuals stricken with the disease were known to pass. This disease results when there is a high level of sugar in the blood for an extended period of time. This paper is to review diabetes being a chronic disease focusing on Angelo Reyes as a case study. His biography was retrieved from neighborhood, a website where different case studies were being discussed. In this paper, an overview of incidence of diabetes in the United States is reviewed. Other topics covered includes; the typical presenting signs of diabetes, potential effects of diabetes on the body as a chronic process, teaching requirements with two measurable learning objectives from each of the domains and the psychosocial challenges that patients like Angelo Reyes encounter as a result of this health condition. Diabetes is a disease that affects 25.8 million people in the United States alone. Data from the 2011 National Diabetes fact sheet released by Center for Disease Control on the 26th of January, 2011 confirmed the followings; Total prevalence of diabetes Total: 25.8 million children and adults in the United States—8.3% of the population—have diabetes. Diagnosed: 18.8 million people Undiagnosed: 7.0 million people Pre-diabetes: 79 million people* New Cases: 1.9 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed...
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...for the aging population and the many chronic health issues they will face along with affordable housing, but also obesity-related health issues as our nation faces these two serious problems. In 2010, the age composition of the United States consisted of 60 percent of the population between the ages of 20 to 64 (Vincent & Velkoff, 2010). However, over the next 10 to 20 years the United States will experience an increase in the number of its older population because the baby boom generation started crossing into this category in January 2011 when the first baby boomers born in 1946 began reaching retirement age (Vincent & Velkoff, 2010). The Baby Boom generation consists of approximately 78 million Americans born between 1946 and 1964 in the two decades following the end of World War II when there was a massive increase in not only the United States, but also the world's population (CDC, 2003). According to Jacobsen, Kent, Lee, & Mather (2011), in 2011, about 40 million people in the United States were ages 65 and older, and this number is expected to double to 89 million by the year 2050. Some of the factors that...
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...Diabetes Health Care Consumer: Trends and Marketing /HCS-490 Mark Miller, MPH Diabetes According to "Medical News Today" (2012), “Diabetes, often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood sugar will typically experience polyuria (frequent urination); they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia).” There are three types of diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. This paper will discuss the effects of changes in the population of people with type 2 diabetes on their specific needs and services. Data on Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin for proper functioning, or the cells in the body do not react to insulin insulin--which is known as insulin resistance. According to “The American diabetes Diabetes association Association diabetes research perspective” (2012), “Nearly 26 million Americans have the disease, including over 10% of the total adult population and over 25% of the population aged 65 years and older. While most of those individuals have type 2 diabetes, nearly 1 million Americans have type 1 diabetes. An additional 79 million American adults have pre-diabetes, which, when added to those with diabetes, suggests that...
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...Diabetes Mellitus Christa Hackett SOC 313 Sabrina Geoffrion June 17, 2013 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, incurable condition of carbohydrate metabolism that involves an imbalance of the supply and demand for insulin; it is the most common of all endocrine conditions (Laffel & Wood, 2007; Olefsky, 2001). Diabetes is a common health condition that affects millions throughout the universe. Diabetes affects millions of people in different and diverse ethnic groups. In the United States diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death. Diabetes is a growing problem in the US and it is becoming an epidemic. There are 3 types of diabetes mellitus, Type-1, Type-2, and Gestational Diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is insulin dependent and accounts for at least 10% of diagnosed cases. In Type 1 diabetes the immune system makes it hard for the body to produce insulin. With no insulin the body cannot transform sugar from food into nutrients for cells. When excess sugar collects in the blood stream, it may eventually cause premature death and heavy damage to organs. Type-1 diabetes can affect adults and children suddenly and require supplemental insulin, a carefully planned diet and exercise regimen. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in young adults, teenagers, and children. Type 1 diabetes happens when the body’s immune system strike and destroys cells in the pancreas, the organ which is located behind the lower part of the stomach. These beta cells commonly produce insulin, the hormone...
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...to address the growing epidemic that many American’s will face. . According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2003) the population aged greater than 65 years is estimated to reach 19.2% in 2030, an increase from 12.4% in 2000. To break the growth down by age; the population age 65 and older is estimated to increase from 35 million in 2000 to 75 million in 2030, and people age 80 and older will increase from 9.3 million to 20 million. Except for Alaska and California, 48 states, by the year 2025, will see an average of 15% of their population age 65 and older, led by Florida with 26%. The aging phenomenon has several combining factors that play a part of the growing population; Age Dynamics: The elevated fertility rate (baby boom) from 1946 to 1964. Decline in Fertility Rate: The decrease of young people reproducing has caused an automatic increase of older people. Longevity increase: Life expectancy has increased 20 years due in part to improvements in healthcare and medical technology "The growing number of older adults increases demands on the public health system and on medical and social services.' ‘Chronic diseases, which affect older adults disproportionately, contribute to disability, diminish quality of life, and increased health and long-term care costs" (CDC, 2003). With the dramatic increase in the statics, the life expectancies has increased and...
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