...Nurse NUR408 January 2011 Nancy Nurse, EdD, RN, PHN, LSN Epidemiology: Global and Public Health According to the Centers for Disease Control, “diabetes affects 25.8 million people, 8.3% of the U.S. population” (Center for Disease control and Prevention, 2012, par 1). Twice as many African Americans are likely to develop diabetes than Caucasian Americans. These statistics represent how serious diabetes has become for the black community. Epidemiology can focus healthcare efforts and interventions to help lower the incidence of diabetes of the African Americans. This paper will focus on the role of epidemiology in the observation of the frequency of diabetes in the morbidity and mortality of American of African decent. This paper will also include the definition and description of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle, types of epidemiology, and prevention that is related with diabetes in the African American community. Definition and Description of Epidemiology Epidemiology is defined as, “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, p. 243). Epidemiology has provided an understanding of the factors, which contribute to health and disease, and the development of health...
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...Introduction The old proverb “Little learning is a dangerous thing” go well with the education regarding any health complication. Health, defined as the normal status of body both internal and external must be maintained in balanced way to remain in healthy state. To have a normal healthy life, the person must know and must have knowledge about his/her health, the complications, risk factors, why it occurred and how it can be treated or prevented.. Thanks to the advance in medical diagnosis and technology, today everyone has access to best medical facilities and consultations. But, we are still struggling with numbers. There are not enough doctors and other para medical staffs to meet the growing number of patients. One way of dealing such problem is to educate the patients so that they can self mange their disease or conditions. It can only happen when they have knowledge about the disease they are suffering from.. In this essay, the client or the subject of study is a person suffering from type II diabetes. So what is diabetes education? It is all about assisting the client, their family and their care takers to gain knowledge about the disease, and empower them with skills and motivation power that will help in self management of the disease. This provides them with certain knowledge of what to do, when to do, how to do, and when to seek the help of a professional health practioner? The next question in this field which emerge is who can be an educator? Those persons...
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...Diabetes Case Study Reflection NUR 427 February 23rd, 2015 Amy Highland Diabetes Case Study Reflection The graded assignment and feedback discussed the missed opportunity for education in consistently following Jenna’s recommended dietary changes. Her noncompliance was due to a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes. As a 14 year old, Jenna displayed feelings of resentment and being singled out in her family. Familial education may have proved beneficial for Jenna and her family. Dietary education that included the whole family would have helped the entire family to gain an understanding of the disease process and the need for lifestyle changes. Jenna and her family need education on signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia. The WebMD (2015) websites list the below signs and symptoms: •High blood glucose. •High levels of sugar in the urine. •Frequent urination. •Increased thirst. Jenna and her family also need education on the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. The WebMD (2015) websites list the below signs and symptoms: •Confusion. •Dizziness. •Feeling shaky. •Hunger. •Headaches. •Irritability. •Pounding heart; racing pulse. •Pale skin. Describing each of the signs and symptoms and how they would be displayed by a patient would ensure that Jenna and her mother understand when medical intervention may be needed. The opportunity for Jenna to attend support groups amongst her peers would have given Jenna a platform to discuss her...
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...interventions. Following this assignment, it is demonstrated how the process of evidence-based practice can be utilized in the case of Mr. Banks to provide viable solutions to challenges faced as a result of depression and type 2 diabetes. The work commences with the problem identification. Then an answerable question is developed to guide the work in identifying the best evidence-based literature to address Mr. Banks’ issue. The identified scholarly material...
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...Diabetics Case Study Diabetes is of high incidence in the United States affecting children and adults of different ethnics groups and levels of education. Today we will discuss Diabetes, management, factors that interfere with its Control and the complication. The challenges of Mr. Reyes diabetes control and how this affects the family. Education to the public on prevention of diabetes by weight management and exercise is Imperative at an early age. Diabetes is a manageable disease which we can learn to live with it in order to control it. According to the ADA, nearly 26 million children and adults are living with diabetes, and another 79 million are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes; even more alarming data suggests that by 2050, as many as one in three American adults will develop diabetes (“Cabot Creamery Cooperative Offers 5-Day Menu Planner for American Diabetes Month,” 2011, Para 1.). According to the CDC, the United States incurred an estimated $174 billion in direct and indirect medical costs related to diabetes in 2007(“Diabetes: Affects 25.8 million,” 2011, P. 26). "These statistics paint a disturbing picture for Americans in the near future," said Cabot Registered Dietitian Regan Jones, "but fortunately, there is still time to act. (“Cabot Creamery Cooperative Offers 5-Day Menu Planner for American Diabetes Month,” 2011, Para 2.). Education and a responsible diet may prevent some instances of type 2 diabetes from ever occurring, and for those already...
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...Diabetes Case Study Granna Clay Diabetes Case Study Charles, age 45, has recently visited his physician with complaints of weight loss, excessive thirst and frequent urination. Review of his record indicates a new diagnosis of diabetes. Charles, a busy CEO, is recently divorced and now living on his own. Due to his busy schedule, he feels he does not have time to worry about himself. Our goal is to discover what Charles already knows about diabetes, dispel any myths or misconceptions he may have, answer questions and help him develop a plan to manage his disease. Education regarding lifestyle changes and proper diabetes management is paramount if Charles is to continue to lead a healthy life. Evaluating the psyco-social aspects of Charles’ life must be done to ensure long-term success in managing his chronic disease. Overview of Diabetes in the United States According to the American Diabetes Association (2008), diabetes rates increased in the United States 13.5% from 2005-2007. Charles is not alone, nearly 8% of the total US population affected with the disease. This number is expected to rise to 12% by 2050 (ADA, 2008). According to the ADA (2008), this increase is attributed to increasing obesity, improved detection, decreased overall mortality, and an increase in the minority population in whom the prevalence of diabetes is increasing. The impact on healthcare expenditures and the overall economic cost of diabetes care is staggering. The ADA...
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...How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Palakkumar Patel Monroe College Abstract This paper is presenting about how to control complication of type 2 diabetes. In the USA 90% of diabetes patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. In every year lots of patients going to die due to type 2 diabetes complication. In previous studies review is presenting about due to type 2 diabetes so many complications are occurring in different part of the body and some study is presenting about due to health education we can reduce the problem in community. By doing heath education, continues health check up and doing some personal health counseling about diet and personal lifestyles.in school health education also effect on child on diet personal life styles. How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Chapter 1: Introduction Diabetes is a leading cause of adult-onset blindness, kidney failure, and non traumatic limb amputations; significantly higher risk for coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke, and they have a hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity; Diabetes is a the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (1). USA is expending $245 billion annually for health care expenditures and productivity losses and is a leading driver of growing Medicare expenditures for controlling glucose levels, blood pressure (BP), and lipid levels and avoiding tobacco, singularly or in combination, reduce the incidence of costly and disabling micro- and...
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...HE0930A CASE STUDY | 1104964 | Jane Smith aged 16 years, was diagnosed with diabetes aged 7. Last month, whilst attending the practice nurse’s diabetes review clinic Jane expresses concerns that over the past few weeks her blood sugar readings have been elevated. She does not want to increase the dosage of her twice daily insulin regime as she is worried that this will cause her to gain weight. 1. What is meant by the terms anticipatory care, self care and self management? (15%) 2. Critically discuss why current Scottish health policy is actively promoting the self care and self management of long-term conditions. (25%) 3. Critically discuss the practice nurse’s role in supporting Jane to self- manage her long term condition (60%). A long term condition (LTC) can be defined as a prolonged health issue that never goes away and is very rarely cured (Magerson and Trenoweth 2010). These conditions require different degrees of on-going care and support tailored to the individual (Scottish Executive 2009). The government has realised that effective management of these LTC’s is one of the biggest challenges that healthcare faces (McVeigh 2009). This essay will focus on the above case study, defining anticipatory care, self-care and self-management, and analyse and explore current Scottish health policy in relation to self-management and self-care. A fundamental part of this essay will discuss the nurses’ role in supporting Jane to self-manage her diabetes. Anticipatory...
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... Reference emphasised that this could result in significant reduction in financial cost to the NHS. Clinical studies suggest that specialist diabetes inpatient teams can reduce prescribing errors, improve patients’ outcomes, reduce length of stay, increase day case rates and reduce the number of admissions. This suggests the multifaceted role that the DSNs play in patient care. Bostrom et al (2012) conducted a study to evaluate the perception of DSNs on their multifaceted roles in 23 primary health sectors at a suburb of Sweden with a sample size of 29 DSNs with mean age of 51. Five focus group interviews were conducted to collect data...
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...XXX 1541-5147 ARTICLES International of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Standardized Nursing Languages in a Case Study of a Woman With Diabetes IJNT Malden, USAJournal Inc Blackwell Publishing of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications Application of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Standardized Nursing Languages in a Case Study of a Woman with Diabetes This paper aims to illustrate the process Coleen P. Kumar, RN, MSN, CNS, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, New York. Introduction As the average lifespan is extended, more individuals are coping with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, which has reached epidemic proportions with more than 20 million people in the United States having this diagnosis (Gordois, Scuffham, Shearer, Oglesby, & Tobian, 2003). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) estimates that a million people will be diagnosed of diabetes every year (2004). Long-term complications of diabetes are costly to both the individual and the healthcare system. Over the past decade, diabetes research has focused on pharmacological approaches and lifestyle interventions to the illness (Odegard, Setter, & Iltz, 2006). Recent evidence in the forum of diabetes care revealed a need for healthcare professionals to assess and empower individuals in the self-management of this illness. For the purposes of this case study, health assessment by nurses was defined by Fuller and Schaller-Ayers (2000) as a process of systematically collecting...
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...Diabetes in the Youth: Epidemiology Paper May 2, 2016 University of Phoenix NUR/408 Diabetes in the Youth: Epidemiology Paper Diabetes has become a serious issue in our youth, even though the mortality rates have decreased over the years the rate is still too high. According to the CDC (2012), From 1968–1969 to 2008–2009, the death rate from diabetes among youths under the of 19 decreased 61%, from 2.69 per million to 1.05 per million. The death rate among youths under 10 years of age decreased 78%, from 1.80 per million to 0.39 per million, and the death rate among youths aged 10–19 years decreased 52%, from 3.56 per million to 1.71 per million (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2012). The seriousness of these statistics shows that diabetes is disease requiring significant attention in the youth population. Epidemiological studies are needed in order to direct healthcare in the youth population and to provide effective interventions designed to reduce the prevalence and incidence rates of diabetes amongst our youth. Definition and Purpose of Study The purpose of epidemiology is to study disease and as a tool of community health it performs this function through a series of steps: 1. Search for determinants – A search for causes and factors that influence public health such as disease or high risk behaviors such as drug use. 2. Study of events- Health-related states or events need to be studied such as chronic diseases, injuries, birth defects, maternal-child...
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...Introduction Nursing researchers have been using Pender’s Health Promotion model to facilitate lifestyle changes, and bring about increased protection and improvement in public health. One of the major public health concerns for many nations is Diabetes. According to Ho, Berggren, & Dahlborg-Lyckhage (2010), 246 million people worldwide have diabetes, equating to almost 6% of the world’s adult population, with 80% of these people live in developing nations. This diabetes prevalence is further influenced by the aging population, unhealthy diet, overweight, physical inactivity, and obesity. In the 2010 meta-ethnographic research study, Ho, Berggren, & Dahlborg-Lyckhage, used Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) to analyze and contribute to the understanding of what clients perceived as being important in an effective empowerment strategy for diabetes self-management. Meta-ethnography is a research method that use an inductive and interpretative method to compare and interpret multiple qualitative research findings revealing analogies between the studies to develop new concepts and models (Ho, Berggren, & Dahlborg-Lyckhage, 2010). Health Promotion Model (HPM) HPM is a nursing model which emphasizes the role of expectations in predicting health behaviors. HPM identifies three factors that influence health behavior, and how these three factors directly and indirectly influences health- promoting behaviors. Individual characteristics and experience, which includes...
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...| Developing Effective Diabetes Care Interventions in Rural Populations Salem International University Traci L French May 20, 2013 Abstract: Diabetes mellitus wreaks a high toll on Americans in regards to shortened life expectancy, decreased quality of life and staggering health care expenses. Prevalence of this disease in some populations can reach nearly 30%, with 11.3% of the total population affected in 2010 (Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX). In Arkansas, prevalence rates of the illness in some counties exceed 20% (Bradley, 2010). Recent statistics show that annual direct expenditures on diabetes care total $116 billion dollars per year with an additional $58 billion per year in indirect costs due to lost productivity and increased mortality (Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX). The goal of this paper is to assess the development and implementation of current interventional strategies for diagnosing diabetes mellitus in affected populations in the southeastern United States. Outcomes of current programs will then be evaluated on a local, regional and national level. The final area of study will examine possible improvements to existing programs using culturally sensitive methodology to increase access to care within these populations and improve clinical outcomes while following evidence-based care guidelines. Diabetes mellitus is a costly illness, both in the number of lives affected as well as actual expenditures on health care and lost wages...
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...previous award. Date …17/5/2015……. Managing the Needs of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus LO1 Type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic condition affecting the body’s ability to regulate blood glucose levels. According to Diabetes UK (2012), there were 2.9 million people in the UK diagnosed with diabetes in 2012, and this is estimated to increase to 5 million by 2025. Up to 90% of people with diabetes are thought to be type 2. According to Diabetes UK (2006), many are unaware they have the condition and it can lead to long-term complications including eye problems, kidney disease, foot ulcers and cardiovascular disease. Gregg et al (2005), states advances in preventative medicine have seen an effective reduction in the burden of risk from hypertension and hyperlipidaemia but the incidence of diabetes has continued to rise, driving cardiovascular rates. There has been much done in recent years to identify people who are at high risk of developing diabetes. This assignment will discuss the link between diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. It will also identify lifestyle and behaviour changes involving the multi-disciplinary team and structured patient education of diabetics. The case study for this assignment is Mrs Smith, newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and a family history of heart disease and diabetes. She leads a sedentary lifestyle, is overweight and has a poor diet (see appendix). The Health...
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...COMPREHENSIVE INTERVENTION/TOOLS FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES This paper will discuss the ways by which diabetes can be treated or managed by using different approaches, the diagnosis, and ways to prevent complications of diabetes Here in America, Diabetes is a major cause of heart disease and stroke .Diabetes is among the leading cause of death in the United States. According to the statistics and facts provided by the NDEP (National Diabetes Education Program), it is stated that 25.8 millions of Americans have diabetes and in 2010 about 1.9 millions people of 20 years of age or older are diagnosed with diabetes. However, some studies have also proved that weight loss and increase physical activity can help prevent or even delay prediabetes patients from progressing or complication (cdc.gov/diabetes/2011). Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, non traumatic lower limb amputation due to infection, gangrene, loss of function etc. even the new cases of blindness among adults (cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs2011). Two groups of ages were used in this research for the diagnosed and the undiagnosed diabetes from the age of 20-65 years or older. In United States 2010, it is estimated that the total prevalence of diabetes people both the diagnosed and undiagnosed either in any racial/ethnical minority populations are likely to have diabetes, although the data available was not sufficient. For group age 20 or older, it is 25.6million...
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