Introduction
Nursing researchers have been using Pender’s Health Promotion model to facilitate lifestyle changes, and bring about increased protection and improvement in public health. One of the major public health concerns for many nations is Diabetes. According to Ho, Berggren, & Dahlborg-Lyckhage (2010), 246 million people worldwide have diabetes, equating to almost 6% of the world’s adult population, with 80% of these people live in developing nations. This diabetes prevalence is further influenced by the aging population, unhealthy diet, overweight, physical inactivity, and obesity.
In the 2010 meta-ethnographic research study, Ho, Berggren, & Dahlborg-Lyckhage, used Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) to analyze and contribute to the understanding of what clients perceived as being important in an effective empowerment strategy for diabetes self-management. Meta-ethnography is a research method that use an inductive and interpretative method to compare and interpret multiple qualitative research findings revealing analogies between the studies to develop new concepts and models (Ho, Berggren, & Dahlborg-Lyckhage, 2010).
Health Promotion Model (HPM)
HPM is a nursing model which emphasizes the role of expectations in predicting health behaviors. HPM identifies three factors that influence health behavior, and how these three factors directly and indirectly influences health- promoting behaviors. Individual characteristics and experience, which includes past behaviors, and cultural and family traditions can impact an individual ability to engage in health-promoting behaviors. Individual behavior-specific cognitions and affect constitute a major significance aspect of the intervention, because these are subject to modification through nursing action, and lastly individual perceived behavioral outcomes; people will agree to participate in