...A REVIEW ON RETINAL FEATURE SEGMENTATION METHODOLOGIES FOR IABETIC RETINOPATHY Dr. N. Jayalakshmi1 K. Priya2 HOD and Professor, Research Scholar, Saveetha Engineering College, Research & Development Centre, Chennai , India Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India Abstract--Diabetic Retinopathy is a most common diabetic eye disease, which occurs when a blood vessel in the retina change. There are two stages of the disease. The early stage is Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and later is Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In NPDR, various problems may occur, such as macular edema which is swelling in the central retina and retinal ischemia which occurs due to poor blood flow. PDR is the advanced stage of NPDR, new blood...
Words: 2529 - Pages: 11
...Estimation of diabetic retinopathy with artery/vein classification in retinal images using Artificial Neural Network Leshmi Satheesh M.Tech Student,Dept. of Electronics & Communication Mohandas College of Engineering, Kerala University Trivandrum-695541, Kerala, India Email: leshmi24@gmail.com Abstract—Diabetic retinopathy is the single largest explanation for sight loss and visual impairment in eighteen to sixty five year olds . Damage of blood vessels in the eye and the formation of lesions in the retina are the earliest signs of diabetic retinopathy. Efficient image processing and analysis algorithms have to be developed for the automated screening programs to work robustly and effectively. For the detection of vascular changes...
Words: 3295 - Pages: 14
...This first chapter gives overview about the nature of change will be carried by the author through implementing of the new nursing facility within the organization. Moreover, the rationale for selecting this particular change project and its aims, objectives and place of the change will be mentioned as well. Chapter two will display the literature review and their input related to the dissertation topic. It will cover several themes that are diabetes prevalence, diabetic ketoacidosis, insulin pump complication, and insulin pump therapy today. At the end of literature review, chapter’s author will discuss the critical of patient safety and team in management for diabetes mellitus. The methodology will be in the following chapter number...
Words: 1841 - Pages: 8
...surrounding the first set of baby boomers who turned age 65 in January of 2011; it became evident that this country would embark upon its greatest challenge yet in managing the care of older adults. With this in mind, the management of chronic illnesses like diabetes and its associated complications is expected to become even more complex and difficult, with the realization that much is to be considered in preparation to care for this age group. In this analysis using the term management, as it relates to the older adult, implies direct guidance to treatment that is both accessible and practical. Review of Literature To better understand management of diabetes as a concept in adults age 65 and older, a review of disciplines is necessary to offer clarity in obtaining a greater sense of knowledge of the burden this disease places on the patient. In examining this concept a review of literature from the disciplines of nursing, medicine and social science were selected to define the concept. Nursing Discipline Chia, Schlenk, and Dunbar-Jacob (2006) examined the non-adherence to medication regimens in the older adult patient that was linked to personal and cultural belief systems. The management through healthcare provider interventions that would address the...
Words: 4022 - Pages: 17
...Dietary Protein Increase and the Promotion of Wound Healing in Diabetic Adult Patients Dietary Protein Increase and the Promotion of Wound Healing in Diabetic Adult Patients Introduction There are approximately 23 million people diagnosed with diabetes in the U.S. (American Diabetes Association, 2012) and this population continues to grow. There are multiple complications associated with diabetes. One major and expensive complication is diabetic wounds. The cost of care in the U.S. alone for this population is approximately $245 Billion annually. (American Diabetes Association, 2012) Proper wound care is an essential step in the wound healing process, however,wound care alone is not sufficient. Nutritional status is extremely important in wound healing. Diabetic patients need to be educated and assessed for protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) as the body’s nutritional needs significantly increase during the wound healing process (Demling, 2009). Supplementation (especially protein) and the importance of it for wound healing need to be discussed with the patient. Without all the necessary interventions applied the process of wound healing can be lengthy and may lead to infection, excessive hospitalization and potential amputations. Understanding the body’s nutritional needs and how the body uses protein in the repair process is imperative. The recommendation for the amount of protein supplementation is between 0.8grams/kilogram to 1.2 grams/kilogram and is based on patient...
Words: 1974 - Pages: 8
...Education on Wound Care for Diabetic Patients Education on Wound Care for Diabetic Patients Abstract Non-compliance of wound care management has increased the risk of infection and amputations. Diabetes wound care management is an important and fundamental aspect when it comes to diabetes teaching and education. Assessment of the feet daily and at a primary care office will provide information such as noncompliance, risks for neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, macro-vascular disease, and possible amputation. Education provided by health care practitioners to the diabetic population will promote decrease in risk for further complications and the patient to be involved in their own care. Assessment, treatment, and education on wound care management with the involvement of the patient will increase the patient’s quality of life and be very beneficial to both the practitioner and the patient. Keywords: diabetic wound care management, diabetic ulcer care, outpatient diabetes management, diabetic care management Introduction Working in a primary care setting will involve a multitude of disease processes- diabetes mellitus being one of them. Diabetes is a disease that is characterized by high levels of blood glucose with a defect in insulin secretion and cell resistance. Without proper management, diabetes may lead to other issues in health. Examples of such, would be, delay in wound healing, leading to foot ulcerations, which thus increases the risk for amputations...
Words: 5353 - Pages: 22
...Treatment for Refractory Diabetic Leg Ulcers By Wendy Price Wake Forest University Department of Physician Assistant Studies 4/10/2009 I would like to thank everyone at Coy C. Carpenter library help and reference desks. To Ekatrina Zachry who translated the Russian research papers, thank you is the very least I can say for such an excellent job. I would like to tell my girls how proud I am of them and thank them for their patience, pictures, and prayers. You make it all worth the while. I would also like to thank my mother for her support, coming to help with the girls while I have been in school, and her motherly faith in me that never waivers. Most of all I want to thank my husband Clay Price for being an amazing pillar of strength, encouragement, patience, understanding, and love. I know I COULD NOT have done it without you. UA&F Low Energy Laser as a Treatment for Refractory Diabetic Leg and Foot Ulcers ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Diabetic leg and foot ulcers often lead to immobility, infection, and amputation, cost $7,000 to $40,000 per ulcer, and erode mental health and QOL. Lasers have been effectively utilized in medicine since the 60’s, from various surgical uses to the treatment of diseases. Although low-energy (also called low-power, low-level, and cold) laser therapy for “biostimulation” (or biomodulation) of ulcer healing has been studied extensively, quality data on diabetic wound healing is rare. This review seeks to evaluate the efficacy...
Words: 9413 - Pages: 38
...Improving Compliance to Treatment Plan in DM Patients Table of Contents Problem Identification 3 Literature Review 5 Critical Analysis and Evaluation of Literature 6 Formulation of Intervention Protocol for Clinical Problem 12 Proposed Intervention 12 Outcomes and Associated Evaluation Criteria 13 References 15 Appendix: Table 18 Improving Compliance to Treatment Plan in DM Patients INTRODUCTION The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011) identified diabetes mellitus (DM) as a major public health disorder in the United States that results in one’s shortage of insulin or...
Words: 5024 - Pages: 21
...nurses, dieticians, and physicians to provide diabetic education, resources, and incentive programs as a collaborative effort to assist members with this chronic disease (Edwards, 1999). The United States Department of Health and Human Services estimates that 25.8 million individuals of all ages have been diagnosed with diabetes. This chronic disease is the seventh leading cause of death. Medical treatment for a diabetic is twice as high as it is for a non-diabetic patient. The United States Department of Health and Human Services estimated that in 2007 medical treatment for diabetics cost $174 billion dollars (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011). This paper will provide documentation of a declining disease management program and the development of a change within the organizational program. The goal of the change will provide patient, physician, nurse collaboration, diabetic education, and, assistance with self-management to close gaps in care (Amundson, O'Connor, Solberg, Asche, Woods, Parker, & Crain, 2009). Mercy Care Management is a large integrated health care system with a self-funded insurance plan. Fifty percent of the annual net is spent on members with chronic disease. Diabetes is one of the top chronic disease categories cost drivers. Since the inception of the program, the cost of care has continued to move in an upward trend. The program currently offers an incentive program for diabetic members. The...
Words: 1705 - Pages: 7
...is he final article to be discussed. Amongst the other articles, this a level IV, prospective randomized case-control design, which is considered a lower quality study. Lone et al.’s studies purpose is to “compare the effectiveness of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) with conventional dressing in the healing of diabetic foot ulcers with regards to healing time and safety” (Lone et al., 2014, p. 1). The study population included “56 patients aged 20-70 years, with stage 2 or 3 diabetic foot ulcer” (Lone et al., 2014, p. 2). The patients were equally and randomly assigned to either the research group (VAC) or the control group (conventional dressing). Moreover, the study measures wound discharge, granulation, blood cultures, wound size decrease and amputation. The variables were measured using the “Pearson’s Chi-square/Fishers exact test, Student’s t-test and results expressed as n (%)” (Lone et al., 2014, 2). However, the study does not state the results of the Student’s t-test and the result of...
Words: 3371 - Pages: 14
...THE HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF MAKOPA FRUIT EXTRACT (Syzygium malaccense) TO DIABETIC RATS Chapter I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Malay Apple or commonly known as Makopa in the Philippines (Syzygium malaccense) is a very common plant in typical barrios. Most often, the Makopa fruit is swept after they fall in the ground during rainy seasons and it is easily spoiled. The waste material is biodegradable. However, the process of decomposition is slow and it gives an unpleasant view on the surrounding during this process. Hence, the wasted plant material adds up to a pile of garbage. Therefore, it is better to use the fruit of the Makopa to produce a product out of it in the form of anti-diabetic for every household. Most often, this tree is usually used as shade and the fruit of it is sometimes useless for when it falls to the ground, they are just swept and thrown away. Makopa trees when full grown, can serve as shelter to animals, like the gecko, or bugs and they may eat the fruits. To avoid wasting these fruit, it could be utilized as an anti-diabetic. Makopa should be used in a way that will benefit us. This observation gave the researchers the idea of using the Makopa as an effective treatment to diabetes which is very expensive nowadays. Statement of the Problem This study was conducted to produce sweetener out of the Makopa fruit. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions: 1. What are the active components of makopa extract? 2. What...
Words: 1651 - Pages: 7
...Treating Diabetes Mellitus Type II Treating Diabetes Mellitus Type II Type II diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose levels. It characteristically results from a surplus caloric intake, as compared to energy consumption, combined with inadequate insulin secretion, due to dysfunction of the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells (Pfeiffer & Klein, 2014). Type II diabetes has reached pandemic levels, despite efforts to slow its progression. In a society where healthcare is ever-changing, primary care physicians, along with advanced practitioners are now treating this disease more readily, as compared to specialist and endocrinologist in the past. As with many disease processes, there are several options when choosing a treatment plan for type II diabetes. Combining knowledge and evidence-based research, the practitioner will be able to establish an individualized treatment plan for treating type II diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology Type II diabetes is a very complex, non-communicable disease that effects more than 370 million people throughout the world. The symptoms of this disease can vary from patient to patient. Without intense and concentrated efforts to address the pathogenesis and treatment of this syndrome, the destructive macrovascular and microvascular outcomes of type II diabetes will remain a major problem for years to come (Kahn, Cooper, & Del Prato, 2014). In T2D plasma insulin levels may be low,...
Words: 4669 - Pages: 19
...Diabetic Ketoacidosis Quinnton M Rees Brigham Young University-Idaho Diabetic Ketoacidosis The American diabetes association (2011) defines diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as a medical emergency that can progress to a diabetic coma and death if not rapidly diagnosed and treated (American diabetes association (ADA), 2011). DKA is a complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and is characterized by hyperglycemia due to a deficiency in insulin (Urden, Stacey, & Lough, 2010). Rapid diagnosis and aggressive treatment of DKA is crucial because it is potentially life threatening (Kitabchi, Rose, 2011). Nurses in the critical care setting are responsible for understanding the disease process of DKA as well as identifying its signs and symptoms so that patients can receive prompt treatment early before it progresses. This paper will discuss DKA and explore its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing and interventions associated with it. Epidemiology and Etiology DKA is a complication of type-one and type-two DM and is typically seen more in type-one diabetics because of they are deficient and lack the ability to produce insulin (Urden et al., 2010). Type-two diabetics can develop DKA but it is very rare and is usually precipitated in a patient who is severely ill (Diabetic ketoacidosis, 2011). Those most likely to develop DKA associated with type-two DM include Hispanics and African Americans (Diabetic ketoacidosis...
Words: 2828 - Pages: 12
...sequelae that most often follows this diagnosis. Therefore, instruments of education such as signage, literature/brochures and treatment guidelines have been developed and implemented in the clinical setting. Although it is important for the patient to be informed and evaluated for disease management, the healthcare provider too needs to be knowledgeable. As Diabetes type 2 is projected to impact future and present populations globally and continue to grow as a financial burden in this country, education about the disease continues to be an important preventative measure (Dalal, Mehul, Robinson & Sullivan, 2014). This paper will provide a review of an article titled Guidelines for the practice of diabetes education as outlined by the U.S Department of Health & Human Services. This publication is relevant to clinical practice as it serves as a guide on how to correctly educate patients diagnosed with type one or two diabetes and targets a wide area of healthcare providers as it’s user. Education is important in keeping the patient from being admitted to the hospital. According to Dalal et al. (2014), less than half of all diabetic patients are able to achieve glycemic control and many of them are lacking the education to maintain their blood sugar levels which eventually requires acute care. Once in the hospital, the clinician has the opportunity to provide diabetic counseling/education to prevent repeat admissions for...
Words: 685 - Pages: 3
...How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Palakkumar Patel Monroe College Abstract This paper is presenting about how to control complication of type 2 diabetes. In the USA 90% of diabetes patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. In every year lots of patients going to die due to type 2 diabetes complication. In previous studies review is presenting about due to type 2 diabetes so many complications are occurring in different part of the body and some study is presenting about due to health education we can reduce the problem in community. By doing heath education, continues health check up and doing some personal health counseling about diet and personal lifestyles.in school health education also effect on child on diet personal life styles. How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Chapter 1: Introduction Diabetes is a leading cause of adult-onset blindness, kidney failure, and non traumatic limb amputations; significantly higher risk for coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke, and they have a hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity; Diabetes is a the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (1). USA is expending $245 billion annually for health care expenditures and productivity losses and is a leading driver of growing Medicare expenditures for controlling glucose levels, blood pressure (BP), and lipid levels and avoiding tobacco, singularly or in combination, reduce the incidence of costly and disabling micro- and...
Words: 3883 - Pages: 16
