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Diagnoses of an Infected Patient

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Diagnoses of an Infected Patient

By: Reathea Felder

Microbiology

Excelsior college

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When given a sputum sample it is important to take in consideration the type of bacteria that could be present, causing illness in the patient. There are hundreds of different types of bacteria, but I will only focus on how to detect three of them: Bacillus, Escherichia, and Mycoplasm. I will also discuss how to identify the genera causing the patients infection by describing the different staining procedure protocols.

The term bacillus has two different meanings. The lowercase bacillus means bacterial shape while the italicized bacillus refers to a specific genus. Bacillus cells are usually single rods that may look like straws that often form long twisted cells (p. 78). They are typically rods that produce endospores. Bacillus is a gram-positive cell that may at times have gram negative cells. In a gram positive cell, there are many layers of a thick, rigid structure known as peptidoglycan. They also have teichoic acids which are made primarily of alcohol and phosphate. This acid plays a role in cellular growth and prevention of cell wall breakdown.

One of the most well known bacteria in microbiology, Escherichia can be characterized as rod shaped having short hair like appendages. Escherichia is a gram negative bacterium. These walls contain lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, and phospholipids. The O polysaccharide acts as an antigen that is helpful to distinguish species of gram negative bacteria. There is also a gel like fluid that lies between the outer and plasma membrane. The outer membrane provides a barriers to certain antibiotics ( p.86)

Atypical cells such as Mycoplasm have no

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