...with ADHD Cynthia G. Humphrey Wayland Baptist University RSWR 3345 August 2011 Abstract This paper explores various treatment options for children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The outcome of previous research was reviewed showing the effects on children and adolescents with ADHD when the method of treatment was pharmacology and when the method of treatment was pharmacology along with behavior modification. Behavior modification refers to programs that were administered in an academic environment or behavior programs that were part of psychotherapy. This paper specifically addresses the academic effects of treatment with medication, the effects of treatment with medication and behavior modification, and the effects of treatment with behavior modification alone. Keywords: ADHD; children; adolescents; behavioral; academic; treatment Effective Treatment for Children and Adolescents with ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex mental disorder that is controversial because of its method of diagnosis and detection. Children and adolescents with ADHD generally have difficulty concentrating, finishing tasks, controlling behavior, acting impulsively, and being overactive. Managing youth with ADHD can be difficult for parents, teachers and others that have direct contact with the child or adolescent. Medication is one of the most common first lines of treatment used to manage and alleviate the symptoms of ADHD in children...
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...ADHD Patients and Criminal Activity American Military University CMRJ303 Criminology January 15, 2013 Abstract Utilizing the research of Gudjonsson, Sigurdsson, Newton and Einarsson (2008), NIMH, (2008), Fletcher & Wolfe (2012), Babinski, Hartsouch, Lambert (1999), Jill and Page (2005) and Belluck (2012) this paper reflects the understanding of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and how it can be a contributing factor to crime. Keywords: ADHD, crime, criminal behavior, treatments, Crimes That Involve ADHD Patients Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is generally displayed through behavioral inhibitions. ADHD is an ever-growing problem within the United States and across the globe. Often time’s people don’t understand ADHD and how such a disorder can lead to criminal activity. Through understanding how ADHD consumes a persons life will demonstrate how this disorder plays a role in the minds of those that have committed crimes. ADHD is most often discovered in children and can continue into adolescence and adulthood. The main symptoms include difficulty maintaining a focused mindset and paying attention to specific tasks. Behavioral issues are often affected due to the difficulty controlling ones behavior. All these symptoms are then topped off with hyperactivity, or being over-active (NIMH, 2008). There are three known subtypes to ADHD. The subtypes are referred to as the following: Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive...
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...Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a very complex disorder and for many individuals suffering from ADHD, their daily struggle with this disorder can be very frustrating and debilitating at times. Throughout the years, it has been known that genetics has a strong link to the cause ADHD as well as the psychotropics being prescribed by Mental Health Professionals to assist in the management of ADHD. However, data supports in the past decade there has been an explosion with ADHD individuals, specifically children being treated by the pharmacological modality rather than the behavioral modification or family psychotherapy. The old analogy of take two pills and call your doctor in the morning is becoming the norm in today’s society. This Reflective Paper will provide a multi-systemic approach which addresses the following topics: (1) the genetic link to ADHD, (2) population trends of psychotropic use, (3) concerns for the safety and efficacy of children have risen due to the lack of studies. The Genetic Link to ADHD Several decades of study has shown Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to be a neurobiological disorder. Research has shown other contributing causes of ADHD can be caused by environmental (home, school etc.), brain dysfunction and toxins found in food additives, yet strong supporting data can be found in genetic studies too. Researchers have concluded the phenotypic display of ADHD is attributed...
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...very best to help us with all the right information about ADHD. This site explains are all the different steps that anyone that is trying to get the proper help to find out how to battle this disease. The CDC is one of the government websites that is here to emplace all the right information. Also explain all the different treatments that they can give you on the disease of ADHD that effects not just children but also adults. CDC plays a critical role for Attention/Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Some of the symptoms that an individual might occur from ADHD are how some kids have problems while going to school and at times have problems keeping friends or making any, and there are times they have problems out in society also. The researchers that are trying to find out how to help people with ADHD, but they all have different opinions on how to help, so it leaves people a little confused on who to trust. But the CDC are still doing researching more to help better understanding of ADHD. Helps us get better understanding and risk factors plus treatments to help people living with ADHD. The (NCBDDD) are funding large community based epidemiologic studies in the US, so they can get better understanding of ADHD, are trying to put out the most information that is up-to-date and decisions to recommend personal public status and evolving agencies to assist. Now the project to learn about ADHD in the youth, these two places University of South Carolina and University...
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...One of the main reasons for referrals to children’s mental health agencies is aggression with over half of emergency room referrals serving youth (Campbell, 2006; Dean et al., 2007; Margulies & Carlson, 2012). While latency age children comprise the greatest number of referrals to emergency rooms for aggression, only 5% of the referrals include preschool age children (Margulies & Carlson, 2012). Associated symptoms for child referrals include disobedience, suicidal intent/actions, self-injurious behaviour, emotional difficulty and over-activity (Campbell, 2006; Margulies & Carlson, 2012). The suggested reason for this is because children displaying such behaviours tend to be harder to manage and are considered to be more of a problem. This...
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...Your name Professor’s name Class Information 06 May 2013 Final Argumentative Essay Zombie Children: The Over-diagnosis of ADHD in children Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral syndrome predominantly occurring in children (CDC 1). It is one of the most common childhood disorders. This condition is characterized by lack of attention, fidgeting, lack of organization, or squirming when seated. Children with ADHD often have difficulty paying attention to details and are easily distracted by other events happening at the same time; they find it difficult to complete their schoolwork; they put off anything that requires a lot of thought; they are prone to making careless mistakes, and are disorganized; they may seem as if they are listening when spoken to and often fail to follow through with tasks. The symptoms usually become evident in preschool or when entering into elementary school but can continue into adolescence and adulthood. There is no fixed test that can give an accurate diagnosis that a child has ADHD; therefore, over diagnosis has become difficult to avoid. Approximately, 9.5% (5.4 million) children, between four and seventeen years of age, are diagnosed with ADHD (CDC). This translates to three percent to seven percent of school aged children being diagnosed with ADHD. The rate that ADHD has been diagnosed has increased an average of three percent per year between the years 1997 and 2006 and an average of five and a half percent...
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...This article discusses how ADHD affects children from youth until adulthood, mainly academically, and what can be done in the classroom to help. ADHD affects all areas of development in a person, in one-way or another, from preschool to university. In many cases, people who suffer from ADHD may also have a secondary diagnosis that has to do with behaviour. Since the main age group focus for children having ADHD is school-agers, it is common to dismiss the signs in young children such as preschoolers. Since preschoolers are so young and active, it is easy to miss the early symptoms. However, this article determines how important it is to know the signs and behaviours of children with ADHD, as this can put a serious developmental strain on the...
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...Bipolar Disorder Reaction Paper The research intended on looking at bipolar among youth. This was emphasizing how to improve results in understanding the risk amongst the severity and chronically impaired. Bipolarity is hard to detect amongst children and adolescents. Bipolar is a serious brain illness. Bipolar among children are usually detected by mood changing. It is hard to detect whether or not a child can be diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Bipolar symptoms amongst a child are usually more severe than the usual up and down temperament of a child. Bipolar can also be dangerous within youth. In children bipolar disorder can result in hurting themselves and attempting suicide. You have to look at a child’s attention span and consciousness in a situation. A child is always doing, moving, and emotions are always escalating and de-escalating. We all know that anyone can detect bipolar disorder, but being diagnosed with bipolar disorder is usually done later in age. Children can have signs of bipolar disorder, but that’s called early-onset bipolar disorder. The form of bipolar can become sever in later teens and as an adult. There are questions you ask when dealing with a child with bipolar. Can bipolar disorder be hereditary? Can bipolar disorder amongst children result in other issues? There are several things that contribute to bipolar. One being genes, different illnesses run through family that can have a slight percent chance of you getting it. If the...
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...Juvenile Delinquency American Intercontinental University Online ENGL107-1101B-36: English Composition II Dr. Julie Pal-Agrawal, Instructor By: Charles Inabnitt Abstract The definition of a child that has emotional outrage of pain or anger as defined in society today is suggested to become a trouble youth. Living the life of a challenged child hood is some of the factors that may contribute to the factors of juvenile delinquency. The children of the future are in trouble of being locked up before they get a chance to live their life. “Today, Juvenile facilities nationwide hold some 104,000 offenders” (Cannon, Beiser, 2004, p.29). Out of the 21 million that live in the United States the stated number from above is questionable. Why are there so many, is there a reason for this, and what is being done to understand this? These are questions that may pop into your head as read the first statement. Technologies, pressure from parents, acceptance from society are three factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency. First we begin with the pressures of parents or the pressures that they may apply to their children. I read an article that the author says it best. We live in a society that often puts too much stress on financial success and not enough on personal well-being. Because of this parents understandably can over-focus on guiding their children towards a lucrative career rather than giving them time and space to find their own path in life. (Steve, 2008) ...
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...The Treatments of ADHD Tara Davis Wilmington University Introduction One of the most common disorders amongst children is ADHD. ADHD is defined as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Some believe the treatment of the disorder can be related to ethnicity (Jones, Epstein, Hinshaw, 2010). In some cases the teachers agree with medical treatment (Cornell-Swanson, Frankenburger, Ley, 2007). There are many medications that are given to children with ADHD as a stimulant. Although, they have the medicine to help them, are non-medical treatments just as effective? Studies have shown the effects of medical treatments, but the non-medical treatments have not received equal tending (Trout, Ortiz, Reid, 2007). This research paper will prove the effectiveness of nonmedical treatments. Many studies show the effectiveness of medical stimulants in children with ADHD. Children are either put on Adderall, Concerta, Deredrine, and Ritalin just to name a few. These medicines all help in managing the behavior in children with ADHD. When children are diagnosed with this disorder, they have to undergo a number of treatments to help them cope. Some children respond very well to the stimulant medications as long as the medicine continued, while other children are not so responsive and another form of treatment or intervention must take place (Cornell-Swanson, Frankenburger, Ley, 2007). There are many people who believe that nonmedical treatment is not effective on children...
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...a growing diagnosis among adolescents. Two main treatments are medication and behavioral therapy, or a combined treatment is also an option. Naturally there are debates on which treatment is more effective on treating the effects of ADHD. This report provides you with background information about ADHD, the types it’s broken down into, whom it affects, the percentage of adolescents taking medication. Also information on what behavioral therapy is provided. Two studies that have tested a group of children, affected by ADHD, and the types of treatments in order to find out which treatment provides the best results on reducing the effects of ADHD. Introduction Attention deficient hyperactivity disorder is a growing behavioral disorder among America’s adolescents. ADHD is a growing mainly among children from ages 4 through 17. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention 9.5 percent of children ages 4 through 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD as of the year 2007. The CDC also reports that on average the rate of ADHD diagnoses has increased 5.5 percent per year from 2003 to 2007. Boys are about twice as likely to have been diagnosed with ADHD than girls according to the CDC, and diagnoses increase among older teens than among children. ADHD was formerly referred to as Attention Deficient Disorder, ADD, but in 1994 the disorder was classified into three subtypes based on different behavioral patterns and was renamed (Kingsley). The three subtypes of ADHD include a hyperactive...
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...ADHD a Hoax? or Misconception ADHD better known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is overwhelmingly rampant in the youth of today. ADHD was not considered a actual mental disorder until the seventies and early eighties. Before the drastic change in the psychological community, children who were constantly fidgety, bored or did not pay good attention in class were considered lazy, a daydreamer or perhaps a bit rowdy. These days, as soon as that type of behavior is noticeable it is automatically labeled as a mental disorder. These symptoms area huge determining factor for children in this country and sometimes there are never is direct reasoning behind the diagnosis. The medical and psychological reasoning behind this disorder make...
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...children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The distribution of these ADHD medications have steadily increased over the years, which has, on one hand, presented a possible solution to the escalating diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and on the latter, brought into question the ethics and effectiveness of these medications. Health officials, parents, and the children themselves struggle to come to an agreement when deciding whether or not medication is the best solution. The Debate Over Medicating Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In the spring of 2004, Jacqueline A. Sparks, an associate professor of family therapy at the University of Rhode Island, and Barry L. Duncan, a cofounder of the Institute for the Study of Therapeutic Change, investigated the ethics and effectiveness behind the distribution of ADHD medications as a modern treatment method for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Even though, “appropriate identification and treatment of symptoms for psychiatric illnesses (such as ADHD) during childhood and adolescence is critical” (ScienceDaily). Sparks and Duncan note that, “ADHD is arguably the most controversial topic in recent mental health history. The ADHD diagnosis is not defined by a biological marker (Leo & Cohen, 33), but is rather subjective and not easily distinguished from the everyday behavior of children. Thus, the diagnosis lacks reliability and validity.” (Duncan, Miller, &...
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...on children can be sometimes upsetting. Psychiatric or psychotropic medications are used to help children with behavioral impairment. Changes should be made that will benefit children in situations as mentioned. Not only in foster care but any child that is prescribed psychiatric (psychotropic) medications. Implementing change that will assure children are prescribe the right mediations, and are given the medication according to their treatment plan, to ensure the safety of those affected by misdiagnosis. Ensuring that a treatment plan is established from thorough evaluations and all other procedures that are beneficial in favor of children affected by being over medicated or misdiagnosed. Implementing changes that will encourage early diagnosis to benefit children and adolescence. Children are clearly are not adults,...
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...Neuroanatomical Differences in ADHD 1 Neuroanatomical Differences in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Influence of Stimulant Medication Administration Zach Grice-Patil University of Minnesota Neuroanatomical Differences in ADHD Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common psychological disorder with a pathophysiology that is not well understood. The choice treatment is with strong psychoactive stimulants (methylphenidate), which has helped to establish much of the known pathophysiology of the disorder. Medication administration to young children is becoming exceedingly common and it is suspected here that methylphenidate has effects on neurodevelopmental processes. Much of the imaging data which suggest neuroanatomical differences observed in ADHD are confounded by the inability to control for lifetime-medication use in the sample. Animal data have demonstrated that acute methylphenidate administration can cause significant changes in juveniles. A 2 multi-level analysis of the current literature assessing the structural differences in ADHD with respect to methylphenidate administration is the focus for this review. Methods include: MR structural, MR diffusion, MR spectroscopy, Positron Emission Tomography, and Histology. Based upon this review, the current administration of methylphenidate to young ADHD patients should be reevaluated to account for the uncertainty in medication-induced neurodevelopment. Neuroanatomical Differences in ADHD Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity...
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