...Digital Signal Processing The acronym DSP can stand for one of two things: digital signal processing which refers to the technique used to process signals digitally or digital signal processor which would refer to a specialized kind of microprocessor. Since the introduction of general-purpose microprocessors in the 1980’s, a wider range of modern technology now includes digital signal processing technology. This includes cellular phones, CD players, computers, DVD players, video recorders, computer monitors, and many other similar devices. DSP is also taking over analog circuitry in TV sets and telephones. One of DSP’s major applications is signal compression and decompression. Signal compression enables things such as call waiting and image projection on computer screens. DSP involves a great deal of math, both complex and simple. The design of a DSP chip enables it to perform these functions very rapidly which produces hundreds of millions of samples very quickly. This provides “real time” performance meaning the signal is live. This can be seen in loud speakers and cell phones. Most major electronics companies utilize DSP in their technology including Texas Instruments, Intel, and Motorola. An example of “real time” performance could be viewed in a lab that we did. We had two separate groups: one group made a “receiver” and the other group made a “transmitter.” Across the room, one group had their receiver and set up the microphone on a stand a certain amount of space...
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...1 A DSP A-Z http://www.unex.ucla.edu Digital Signal Processing An “A” to “Z” R.W. Stewart Signal Processing Division Dept. of Electronic and Electrical Eng. University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XW, UK Tel: +44 (0) 141 548 2396 Fax: +44 (0) 141 552 2487 E-mail: r.stewart@eee.strath.ac.uk M.W. Hoffman Department of Electrical Eng. 209N Walter Scott Eng. Center PO Box 880511 Lincoln, NE 68588 0511 USA Tel: +1 402 472 1979 Fax: +1 402 472 4732 Email:hoffman@unlinfo.unl.edu © BlueBox Multimedia, R.W. Stewart 1998 2 The DSPedia DSPedia An A-Z of Digital Signal Processing This text aims to present relevant, accurate and readable definitions of common and not so common terms, algorithms, techniques and information related to DSP technology and applications. It is hoped that the information presented will complement the formal teachings of the many excellent DSP textbooks available and bridge the gaps that often exist between advanced DSP texts and introductory DSP. While some of the entries are particularly detailed, most often in cases where the concept, application or term is particularly important in DSP, you will find that other terms are short, and perhaps even dismissive when it is considered that the term is not directly relevant to DSP or would not benefit from an extensive description. There are 4 key sections to the text: • • • • DSP terms A-Z Common Numbers associated with DSP Acronyms References page 1 page 427 page 435 page 443 the...
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...DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Maarten van Walstijn School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering, and Computer Science Sonic Arts Research Centre m.vanwalstijn@qub.ac.uk course website: http://www.somasa.qub.ac.uk/~mvanwalstijn/ELE8059/ (all course material becomes available there) recommended text: Mulgrew, Grant & Thompson; “Digital Signal Processing: Concepts & Applications” DSP 1 Session 1: Introduction to DSP COURSE OUTLINE date session 1 26 Sep 2011 lecture tutorial questions Introduction to DSP session 2 3 Oct 2011 Signals and Spectral Representation X session 3 10 Oct 2011 Linear Systems X session 4 17 Oct 2011 Time-Domain Description and Convolution X session 5 24 Oct 2011 Sampled Data and Discrete-Time Systems X session 6 7 Oct 2011 The Discrete Fourier Transform X session 7 14 Nov 2011 The Fast Fourier Transform X session 8 21 Nov 2011 Fast Convolution X session 9 28 Nov 2011 Multi-Rate Processing X coursework assignment* 5 Dec 2012 feedback session 23 Jan 2012 session 10 13 Feb 2012 Continuous Filter Theory X session 11 20 Feb 2012 Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters X session 12 27 Feb 2012 Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters X session 13 5 Mar 2012 Random Signal Analysis X session 14 12 Mar 2012 Optimum Filters X session 15 19 Mar 2012 Adaptive Filters ...
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...Guidelines for Final Year Project ReportsReal Time Implementation of Mixed Excitation Linear Predictive Vocoder Final Year Project Final Report A 4th Year StudentUmer Hamid 06-0063 Faraz Hussain 07-0597 Supervisor: Ms. Durdana Habib Real time optimized Implementation of the Mixed Excitation Linear Predictive Vocoder on the TMS320C6416 DSP [pic] Electrical Engineering Department National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad Session 2009-2010 Abstract The purpose of our project is real-time implementation and optimization of a 2.4 Kbps mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) speech-coding algorithm on a Texas instrument TMS320C64xx digital signal processor. The main emphases of the project is on efficient coding and optimization strategies in computationally intensive modules by exploiting fast L1/L2 memory architecture, 8-parallel data paths, enhanced direct memory access module and instruction set features of TMS320C6000 architecture. The implementation would be based on generic TMS320C6000 DSP series; the optimization techniques aimed are applicable to all types of DSP platforms. Lastly the enhanced DSP/BIOS features were used to implement a real time data handling technique to port the MELP vocoder for real time applications. Contents 1 Introduction 6 1.1 THE MELP SPEECH PRODUCTION MODEL 6 2 Development Process 29 2.1 DSP Architecture...
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...Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Automation has had a notable impact in a wide range of industries beyond manufacturing (where it began). Once-ubiquitous telephone operators have been replaced largely by automated telephone switchboards and answering machines. Medical processes such as primary screening in electrocardiography or radiography and laboratory analysis of human genes, sera, cells, and tissues are carried out at much greater speed and accuracy by automated systems. Automated teller machines have reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry out transactions. In general, automation has been responsible for the shift in the world economy from industrial jobs to service jobs in the 20th and 21st centuries.[1] Movable type is the system of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation). The world's first known movable-type system for printing was created in China around 1040 A.D. by Bi...
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...Unit 10 Assignment 2 Signal theory Digital signalling methods Digital signal processing (DSP) are procedures which are used to enhance accuracy of data which is transmitted to improve accuracy of data which is transmitted. One example of this would-be radios which use radio waves. Bits and Bytes bits are tiniest units of data in computers which is known as binary digits. Each bit has a binary value of either 0 or 1, while as multiple bits are known as bytes. Bytes is known for multiple bits which are used in computers which is like bits but contains a bit more data. Bytes ae used to save data and proceed under specific tasks. Packet structures is data which is passed through a network, because of this the bandwidth of communication is better...
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...|Curriculum Vitae | |Personal Information | | NAME: | | MUHAMMAD JUNAID PASHA | | FATHER NAME: | |Tariq Mahmood | | POSTAL ADDRESS: | | House # F-3/17 | | | |HMC Housing Colony | | | |TAXILA | |MOBILE: | | +92-332-9853279 | | CNIC NO.: | |13503-4800438-7 | | E-MAIL: | | junaid_pasha43@yahoo.com | | NATIONALITY:...
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...ABDUL SAMAD OBJECTIVE Seeking a position in an esteemed organization in order to contribute and assist in achieving organizational objectives to the best of my knowledge and ability, with team spirit and thereby grow in the organization with integrity and sheer hard work. EDUCATION * Center for Advance Studies in Engineering (CASE), Islamabad. * Bachelors in Electrical Engineering (2011). . * Fauji Foundation College for Boys, New Lalazar, Rawalpindi. * HSSC - Pre-Engineering (2006). * Secured A grade. * Roots School System. * SSC (2004). * Secured A grade. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE * Worked as an internee at NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COMPLEX. (MAY 2010-AUG 2010). * Worked as SOFTWARE SOLUTION SPECIALIST at OVEX. (JULY 2011 – APR 2012). ACHIEVEMENTS/AWARDS * Robo Sprint (CASE 2010)- Participated with self- designed robot “EVO”. * Participated in NATIONAL ENGINEERING ROBOTICS COMPITITION (NERC 2010). * Participated and twice reached top 15 in ALL PAKISTAN INVENT ENTERPENURSHIP BUSINESS PLAN Competition (IBA INVENT, 2010-11). * Won second prize at the workshop of presenting ELEVATOR PITCH in a minute at fast (2011). * Member ELECTRONIC Society. SKILLS * Presentation and Interpersonal Skills * Excellent project management skills. * Very strong in report, business plan writing. * Very Strong in communication and presentation skills. * Good knowledge of MS Office including MS Word, PowerPoint...
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...Limits for CPM Signals Representation by Walsh Functions Francisco A. Monteiro1, António J. Rodrigues1, 2 2 Instituto de Telecomunicações and ISCTE Instituto de Telecomunicações and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal Tel: +351 218418484; Fax: +351 218418472; E-mail: frmo@lx.it.pt 1 Abstract — This paper explores the feasible limits for complexity reduction of a very simple front-end block for the calculus of phase transition metrics on a continuous phase modulation (CPM) receiver. A quasi-optimum receiver of very low complexity is attained by splitting the function of the optimum receiver bank filters in two blocks: calculus of projections coefficients on a low dimensional space of Walsh functions followed by simple matrix calculus. A sequence detection algorithm follows this block. The presented approach enables the reduction of the matched filters or correlators to just two integrators, regardless of the CPM scheme. Research on the reduction limits of the space dimension is conducted using catastrophic M-ary CPM schemes, taking advantage of their very low number of phase states. Performance of 1REC h=1/2 16-ary scheme is for the fist time presented. A rule is defined concerning the number of Walsh functions that must be used. That outcome proves to be valid for two CPM schemes of high power gain. The receiver is tested under additive white gaussian noise (AWGN). The carrier frequency is fc, where...
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...switch bootstrapping and extra reset voltage. Furthermore, a dual-supply voltage scheme allows the SAR logic to operate at 0.4 V, reducing the overall power consumption of the ADC by 15% without any loss in performance. The ADC was fabricated in 0.13- m CMOS. In dual-supply mode (1.0 V for analog and 0.4 V for digital), the ADC consumes 53 nW at a sampling rate of 1 kS/s and achieves the ENOB of 9.1 bits. The leakage power constitutes 25% of the 53-nW total power. Index Terms—ADC, analog-to-digital conversion, leakage power consumption, low-power electronics, medical implant devices, successive approximation. I. INTRODUCTION EDICAL implant devices, such as pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators, target increasingly advanced signal acquisition and signal processing systems. Such devices, which are to be implanted in the human body, require extremely low power consumption in order to operate up to 10 years or more [1]. Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are among the most critical and power hungry components of medical implant devices for measurements of various electrophysiological signals (DC to a few kHz [2]). Conversion of the low-frequency analog signals does not need high speed, but requires ultra-low-power operation (e.g., in nW...
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...Topic: Analog to Digital Converter using Verilog programming Language By: Kamaalbir Singh (Section: E3901, Roll No: B28) & Jasmeet Singh (Section: E3901, Roll No: B27) Introduction: An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is a device that converts a continuous physical quantity (usually voltage) to a digital number that represents the quantity's amplitude. The conversion involves quantization of the input, so it necessarily introduces a small amount of error. The inverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Instead of doing a single conversion, an ADC often performs the conversions ("samples" the input) periodically. The result is a sequence of digital values that have converted a continuous-time and continuous-amplitude analog signal to a discrete-time and discrete-amplitude digital signal. Fig 1:Electric Symbol Of an ADC Fig 1:Electric Symbol Of an ADC Design (Using Verilog): * The basic module of the adc will have an input, an output and a clock (clk) as part of the port list. * It will also include some user defined parameters (basically different data types). * The main logic for an adc is to convert an analog input signal into a digital one, so we will design logic for quantization and sampling etc. Applications: * The major applications of an adc include Music Recording and Digital Signal Processing. * Analog to Digital converters are used virtually everywhere where an analog signal has to be processed...
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...suitable signal format (4 – 20mA or digital) and then transmit it to a controller which makes the control decision and finally acts on a final control element in the control loop. What does this signal transmission is referred to as a transmitter. The schematic below illustrates the interactions between all the elements in the control loop: | Elements of a Process Control Loop | What is a Transmitter? A Transmitter is a device that converts the signal produced by a sensor into a standardized instrumentation signal such as 3-15 PSI air pressure, 4-20 mA DC electric current, Fieldbus digital signal etc., which may then be conveyed to an indicating device, a controlling device, or both. The indicating or controlling device is often located in a centralized control room. The transmitter often combines a sensor and the transmitter in a single piece. The sensor measures the process variable and generate a proportional signal. The transmitter then amplifies and conditions the sensor signal for onward transmission to the receiving or controlling device. | --> Transmitters Used in Process Instrumentation: Transmitters can be broadly divided into two broad groups: (a) Electronic Transmitters (b) Pneumatic Transmitters Electronic transmitters can either be analog or digital/smart as the case may be. We can further group transmitters according to the types of signals they produce namely: (a) Pneumatic Transmitters (b) Analog Transmitters (c) Digital Transmitters ...
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...late 19th century when the telephone was invented and during the First World War when “crosstalk”, conversation through single-wire cables of the telegraph, was exploited by spies to reveal the intelligence of the enemy. In particular, what is being tested is the resistivity of the device component and cryptographic system against cryptanalysis. In other words, the TEMPEST evaluation tests the sensitivity of the device component toward power and electromagnetic analysis attacks. The possibility that someone can intercept and interpret those electromagnetic radiations to reconstruct the exact information poses a serious security issue because it jeopardizes confidentiality and secrecy. An attacker usually employs statistical analysis, signal processing, and artificial intelligence techniques to decipher the ciphertext and to reveal the arithmetic implementations of the cryptographic algorithm. Only accredited laboratories are allowed to test electronic products. The US government, NATO military organizations, NSA, and NIST, as well as contractors of the US government regulate the...
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...Executive Summary Overview AgaMatrix is a development stage venture based in Boston offering proprietary Digital Signal Processing (DSP) technology that dramatically improves the functionality and performance of biosensor devices. AgaMatrix's core DSP algorithms solve a number of immediate problems in the medical devices market by significantly boosting the performance of biosensors without costly specialized hardware and additional chemicals. Initially, AgaMatrix will sell to medical device makers, specifically, home blood glucose monitors and hospital point-of-care blood analyzers. AgaMatrix anticipates achieving positive cash flow by year three with future target healthcare segments to include the large immunoassay and implantable biosensor sectors; as well as other vertical industries that heavily rely on biosensors, such as the military chemical agent detection, environmental air/water quality monitoring, and industrial processing sectors. Problem – Glucose Monitors Are Burdensome, Painful To Use Many diabetic patients fail to use home blood glucose devices as prescribed because the regimen is too burdensome or too physically painful. Four to seven times a day, a patient must puncture his or her finger to draw blood onto a test strip for insertion into the glucose biosensor. The average compliance rate for testing is less than 1.5 times a day, resulting in the acceleration of complications caused by diabetes, such as blindness, stroke, and heart and kidney failure. In...
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...and sonars 1)Leadline 1 - 2,000 soundings per survey 2)Single Beam 500,000 - 750,000 soundings per survey 3)Multi Beam 4,000,000 - 100,000,000 soundings per survey Echosounder An echosounder sends sound pulses through water to measure water depth. The water’s depth is calculated by recording the time between the emission of the sound and the reception of an echo as well as the speed at which the sound travels through water. The echosounder first was developed for military purposes, but by the mid-1930s it was used widely for hydrography in Canada. Early echosounders were quite crude and had low resolution (large sonar footprint). They required constant attention to get moderate performance. Advances in digital circuitry and digital signal processing led to modern survey echosounders with high resolution, high precision and good long-time frequency stability. Improvements in transducer materials and design led to narrow-shaped beams capable of resolving small targets on the seabed. When the echosounders replaced the leadline, there was no longer regular sampling of the seabed type. Instead, CHS hydrographers have developed ways to use acoustic backscatter to determine the type of seabed. Sidescan sonar Because the single-beam echosounder is aimed vertically, it cannot capture information on depth or hazards in the spaces between sounding lines. Sidescan sonar grew out of the idea of tilting a broad-beam echosounder to one side to produce a time series of acoustic...
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