...Impact of Transformational Leadership on Follower Development and Performance: A Field Experiment Author(s): Taly Dvir, Dov Eden, Bruce J. Avolio, Boas Shamir Source: The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 45, No. 4 (Aug., 2002), pp. 735-744 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3069307 . Accessed: 13/10/2011 04:47 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Academy of Management is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Academy of Management Journal. http://www.jstor.org c Academy of Management Journal 2002, Vol. 45, No. 4, 735-744. IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON FOLLOWER DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE: A FIELD EXPERIMENT TALY DVIR DOV EDEN Tel Aviv University BRUCE J. AVOLIO University of Nebraska BOAS SHAMIR Hebrew University In a longitudinal, randomized field experiment, we tested the impact of transformational leadership, enhanced by training, on follower development and performance. Experimental group leaders received transformational...
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...Leadership and Teamwork: The Effects of Leadership and Job Satisfaction on Team Citizenship Seokhwa Yun1 Seoul National University Jonathan Cox Houston, TX Henry P. Sims, Jr. Sabrina Salam University of Maryland This study examined how leadership related to citizenship behavior within teams. Leadership was hypothesized to influence team organizational citizenship behavior (TOCB) either directly or indirectly through job satisfaction. Longitudinal data were collected in three waves. Leader behaviors were measured at time 1, follower job satisfaction at time 2, and TOCB at time 3. Results indicate that both empowering and transformational leadership related positively to TOCB through job satisfaction. Aversive leadership was related negatively to TOCB. Also, leadership was mediated by job satisfaction in negatively relating to team anticitizenship behavior. The implications and directions for future research are discussed. In what many call the postindustrial age, more and more organizations face high velocity environments which are characterized as dramatically changing, uncertain, and high-risk (Bourgeois & Eisenhardt, 1988; Riolli-Saltzman & Luthans, 2001). In such a dynamic environment, many organizations find the use of teams efficient and productive (LePine, Erez, & Johnson, 2002). For example, a recent survey found that most Fortune 1,000 firms use teams with at least some employees and that teams are one of the fastest growing forms of employee ...
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...Define business ethics? Ans 1) The study of proper business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues, such as corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility and fiduciary responsibilities. Business ethics are often guided by law, while other times provide a basic framework that businesses may choose to follow in order to gain public acceptance. So, ethics separate, good and bad, right and wrong, fair and unfair, moral and immoral and proper and improper human action. In short, ethics means a code of conduct For e.g, the businessmen must give a regular supply of good quality goods and services at reasonable prices to their consumers. They must avoid indulging in unfair trade practices like adulteration, promoting misleading advertisements, cheating in weights and measures, black marketing, etc. They must give fair wages and provide good working conditions to their workers. They must not exploit the workers. They must encourage competition in the market. They must protect the interest of small businessmen. They must avoid unfair competition. They must avoid monopolies. They must pay all their taxes regularly to the government. In short, business ethics means to conduct business with a human touch in order to give welfare to the society. 2. What is kick-back in business? Ans 2) Kickbacks are payment or offering of services with the intent to influence or gain something from a company or a person...
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...The Leadership Quarterly 22 (2011) 121–131 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect The Leadership Quarterly j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / l e a q u a Do transformational leaders enhance their followers' daily work engagement? Maria Tims ⁎, Arnold B. Bakker, Despoina Xanthopoulou Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Psychology, Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands a r t i c l e i n f o Available online 2 February 2011 Keywords: Diary study Personal resources Transformational leadership Work engagement a b s t r a c t This diary study investigated whether and how supervisors' leadership style influences followers' daily work engagement. On the basis of leadership theories and the job demands–resources model, we predicted that a transformational leadership style enhances employees' work engagement through the mediation of self-efficacy and optimism, on a day-to-day basis. Fortytwo employees first filled in a general questionnaire, and then a diary survey over five consecutive workdays. The results of multilevel analyses offered partial support for our hypotheses. Daily transformational leadership related positively to employees' daily engagement, and day-levels of optimism fully mediated this relationship. However, daily self-efficacy did not act as a mediator. These findings expand theory and previous research by illuminating the role of transformational ...
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...best known maker of prosthetic limbs and surgical implants” (Beer, 2006, p.43). Under his leadership Innostat enjoyed outstanding financial performance, with sales reaching more than $2 billion. During his tenure at Innostat Jack was widely respected, admired and perceived as a charismatic leader. According to Weber (1947), charismatic leaders are endowed with exceptional powers or qualities. In addition they are attributed with the following personal attributes: self-confidence, vision, dominance, a need for influence, and articulation ability (Bass, 1985; House 1977; Conger, 1985). It is widely agreed that followers perceive their leader as charismatic when at time of uncertainty and stress he/she provide radical vision that guides the organization to success (Weber, 1947; Trice & Beyer, 1993). In the case of Innostat, it is evident that Jack was able to transform the firm from a small and probably loss making local manufacturer into the world’s best known maker of prosthetic limbs and surgical implants. This made his workers believe that he is endowed with exceptional abilities and their respect towards him grew over the years. However, three years before Jack’s retirement the company lost its innovative edge and as a result, its performance dramatically declined. Applying the Burke-Litwin model to this case study will identify and explain the effect that Jack’s charismatic leadership style (root cause) had on other organizational variables, and performance. The Burke-Litwin...
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...Transformational Leadership and Change: How Leaders Influence Their Followers' Motivation Through Organizational Justice Carl Deschamps, researcher, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, and Solvay Brussels SchoolEconomics and Management, Brussels, Belgium; Natalie Rinfret, PhD, CRHA, professor, Ecole nationale d ‘administration publique, Chaire La Capitale en leadership dans le secteur public, Quebec, Canada; Marie Claude Lagace, researcher, Ecole nationale d'administration publique, Chaire La Capitale en leadership dans le secteur public; and Catherine Prive, researcher, CRHA, Alia Conseil Inc., Quebec, Canada E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y In the past decade, the reform of Quebec's healthcare establishments has resulted in a reduction in the number of institutions through mergers and closures. In this report, we investigate the consequences of reform by looking at managers' motiva tions and related mitigating factors. We examine the influence that transformational leaders have on their employees' motivation through organizational justice. Using a survey of 253 healthcare managers, we describe how the positive impact of transfor mational leadership on motivation is fully mediated via different aspects of organiza tional justice. The results indicate that while transformational leaders influence each type of organizational justice, followers' motivation is affected primarily by proce dural and interpersonal justice and little by distributive justice. ...
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...Leadership Styles at U-Haul Sales & Reservations and Implications on Job Satisfaction & Performance MGMT 591: Leadership and Organizational Behavior 12/14/2013 Introduction The organization chosen to be the topic of discussion is U-Haul international, located in Phoenix, Arizona. U-Haul is the largest DIY commercial moving truck rental company in the U.S.A and Canada. They rent and lease moving trucks, trailers, vans, pickup trucks, and storage facilities. U-Haul International is the headquarters for all the workings of U-Haul worldwide. The two 12 story towers reside in downtown Phoenix, AZ, where everything is handled from the executive level down to, marketing, sales and reservations, truck locations, the graphics department, accounting, and many other departments as well. When someone is looking to rent a U-Haul they call 1-800-Go-UHaul and reach the Sales and Reservations department. This department is the focus of my project paper. The Sales & Reservations department can employ up to 200 reservation representatives that quote moving cost and rent trucks and trailers to customers across USA and Canada. U-Haul International alone is worth $1.5 billion dollars. The Sales and Reservations department pays a minimum wage base salary and commission based on the number of moving equipment rented over the specified quota for your work hours. Some reps have made up to $3000 in commission alone in a month. Calls are monitored for accuracy, and your bonus/commission...
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...Literature Review Change is inevitable in this economic climate. According to Millar, Hind and Magala (2012), unforeseen economic, social and environmental and usage of our natural resources is a concern for organizations, and these factors make it impossible for organizations do not address change. Change can occur anytime. Change can have a positive and negative impact on an organisation and its stakeholders due to the psychological make-up of the individuals. An agent is needed to lead the change process. According to Nasbaum (2014, p.13) a leader is the key person who has a vested interest, a personal drive to get in the driving seat and act on a situation that needs changing and be able to guide his team. Leaders can no longer standstill; they need to be proactive and remodel their organization if they are to stay ahead of the curve or survive. However, change is complicated, and managing change process is difficult (Sirken, Keenan and Jackson,2005, p. 110). First things leaders need to do are examine why change is necessary for their organization. It can be for simple reasons; there has been a decline in profits or wanting to increase market share or add another revenue stream to their core business (Nusbaum, (2014). McLagan (2010) argues when managing change, the leader needs to have faith and passion for the work and commitment of their follower’s right from the outset and ensure stakeholders accept the fact that change is inevitable in a dynamic business...
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...THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON JOB STRESS AND TURNOVER INTENTION – TAIWAN INSURANCE INDUSTRY AS AN EXAMPLE Hsien-Che Lee Department of Business Management, Tatung University 40 ,Sec 3,Chung-Shan N. Rd, Taiwan City, Taiwan ROC hclee@ttu.edu.tw Tsai-Hua Chuang Student of Graduate School of Management, Tatung University 40 ,Sec 3,Chung-Shan N. Rd, Taiwan City, Taiwan ROC teresa5797@yahoo.com.tw ABSTRACT For recent years, Taiwan has stepped into an aging society. Life insurance and retirement planning which have quite a lot to do with insurance industry are questions of interest. The insurance industry focuses on close contact among clients, sales people and managers. That is a human-oriented industry, for which the experienced leaders inspire the sales people through continuous training and encouragement and lead them by vision. Therefore, leader’s leadership type is the critical factor for the success of the organization. This research explores the relationships among leader’s leadership style, subordinate’s personality characteristic, and job stress and turnover intention. We also identify the role of the variable of personality characteristic and job stress respectively. We use convenient sampling method to collect data. In pretest, 50 copies of questionnaires are sent to employees of M insurance company, for which 46 valid ones are returned, And then, a total of 220 copies of...
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...Table of Contents S.No. | Description 1.0. | Introduction 2.0 | Literature Review 2.1 | Leadership and inventive behavior 2.2 | Transformational leaderships (TL) and inventive behavior 2.3 | The measuring role of effective commitments amongst transformational leadership (TL) and inventive behavior 2.4 | The measuring role of inventive climate among transformational leaderships (TL) and inventive behavior. 2.5 | The measuring role of effective commitment among transformational leaderships (TL) and inventive behavior. 2.6 | The measuring role of inventive climate among transformational leadership (TL) and staffs inventive behavior. 2.7 | Criticism Transformational leaderships (TL). 3.0 | Methodology. 3.1 | The background of the Samatel Company (STC). 3.1.1 | Political climate. 3.1.2 | Culture and Social climate. 3.1.3 | Financial and Economic climate. 3.2.1 | Nature of the research 3.2.2 | Data Collection. 4.0 | Discussion. 4.1 | Analysis the questionnaire of section (A). 4.2 | Analysis the questionnaire of section (B). 5.0 | Conclusion. 6.0 | Improving individual personality. 7.0 | References. 8.0 | Appendix 1 1.0. Introduction: According to Gumsluogu and IIsev, (2009) stated that, in an attempt to responsive and adaptive to doubtful, changing and competitive natures, corporations, essentially technology forced corporations, have to be extremely inventive and creative in sequence to continue a challenging...
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...The Center for Army Leadership (Center for Army Leadership) conducts research on trends in leadership development, leadership sets the current requirements for Army leaders and develops leadership training curriculum used throughout the U.S. Army . Located in the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas. Introduction General MacArthur, in a speech in 1962, spoke to the soldiers about what he had learned about his military service in his long career of fifty years and two world wars: "Your mission is to win our wars. You have been trained to fight. Yours is the profession of arms, the will to win, the sure knowledge that in war there is no substitute for victory, that if you lose, the nation will be destroyed. " That desire to fulfill the mission against all adversities that may arise is what is called "warrior ethic" and is what differentiates the military profession from any other. If this were not enough reason for a military leader at best, be added that his subordinates deserve nothing less. This reference manual United States Army was created in order that staff can prepare for this great responsibility. The ideas presented in the book are the result of two centuries of experience and wisdom, guided by continuous learning through practice and the need to respond to an ever-changing and challenging. Leadership is not about rank or stars on the uniform, but of responsibility and mission accomplishment. Therefore, the principles outlined...
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...WEAKNESSES IN TRANSFORMATIONAL AND CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP THEORIES Gary Yukl* State University of New York at Albany Theories of transformational and charismatic leadership provide important insights about the nature of effective leadership. However, most of the theories have conceptual weaknesses that reduce their capacity to explain effective leadership. The conceptual weaknesses are identified here and refinements are suggested. The issue of compatibility between transformational and charismatic leadership is also discussed. Finally, some methodological problems involving construct validation and theory testing are identified, and suggestions for future research are provided. INTRODUCTION In the 1970s, behavioral theories of leadership effectiveness were dominant. Examples include path-goal theory (House & Mitchell, 1974), LMX theory (Graen & Cashman, 1975), and normative decision theory (Vroom & Yetton, 1973). Since the late 1980s, theories of transformational and charismatic leadership have been ascendant. Versions of transformational leadership have been proposed by several theorists, including Bass (1985, 1996); Bennis and Nanus (1985), Burns (1978), Sashkin (1988), and Tichy and Devanna (1986, 1990). Building on the ideas of Weber (1947), refined versions of charismatic leadership have been proposed by several theorists, including Conger (1989), Conger and Kanungo (1987, 1998), House (1977), and Shamir, House, and Arthur (1993). Unlike the “traditional” leadership theories...
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...Examining Enron's Failure Organizational-behavior theories help to understand the effects of leadership, objectives, individual characteristics and action, and employee behavior and attitudes within an organization. It also explains the effects of internal environments, such as culture, the structure of the organization, resource and task allocation, and external environments such as competition or government regulation. These factors contribute to the performance, success or failure, and survival or fall of an organization. Organizational-behavior theories help to explain the collapse of Enron and how leadership, management, and organizational structure contributed to its failure. Organizational Structure With a market capitalization of nearly $74 billion, Enron was one of the world’s leading energy companies by the late 1990s. However, it had gained this status through the perpetration of illegal activities at the very highest levels of the organization. Enron’s fall was because of the organizational-level corruption that grew from its structure and trickled down to the collective behavior of its employees. Enron’s top-down, hierarchical structure by unit grouping meant that the top management team either directly or indirectly through their subordinates influenced the actions of the organization. For example, the structure of the accounting department allowed it to disregard legal requirements through “structural secrecy” that Enron’s executives could exploit (Beenen &...
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...Running head: DARK LEADERSHIP 1 Team Research Paper: Discovery of Women’s Dark Leadership Intro Leadership whether it is dark or integral, is the ability to influence individuals or groups toward the achievement of goals. Leadership, as a process, shapes the goals of a group or organization, motivates behavior toward the achievement of those goals, and helps define group or organizational culture. It is primarily a process of influence. The quality of leadership is a primary factor in the success or failure of any business. Individuals in positions of leadership have a direct influence on the level of commitment, motivation and performance of their organization. Leadership definitions on the other hand are simple statements that encapsulate the core beliefs, values, and attitudes a person holds towards leadership. This paper will explore the differences in leaders when it comes to ethics in leadership, transactional, transformational and spiritual leadership. Literature Review Ethics Research Ethics in all forms of leadership has emerged as a concern which has led to studies being completed in both academic literature and business press alike. These concerns are widespread in newspapers, magazines, internet and television broadcastings within multiple associations to include organizations, law, medicine and education. According to FirstSearch, 2002 there were over 1,000 scholarly and practitioner articles along...
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...Authentic Leaders: A Values-centric Model to understand Follower Behaviors Abstract Deriving from the literature on values, we propose a model which answers the call from scholars to examine the underlying processes through which authentic leadership impacts followers’ behavior and performance. We propose that by developing intrapersonal and interpersonal continuity in their followers’ values (value salience and person-supervisor value congruence respectively), authentic leaders could enhance followers’ task performance and organizational citizenship behavior, and reduce counterproductive work behavior. The model also contributes to research on values by examining the psychological and contextual factors, i.e. person-organization value congruence and self-concept clarity, which moderate the relationship between authentic leadership, value congruence and follower outcomes. Introduction Having witnessed several failures of corporate and economic machinery in the recent past, management scholars have been forced to look into the underlying reasons thereof from several different perspectives. As a fundamental shift in focus onto softer aspects of corporate leadership, leaders are being increasingly scrutinized for their leadership styles and moral values. Through this paper, we aim to contribute to a growing area of research in this domain by proposing a theoretical model to understand how leaders’ attitudes and values impact followers’ behavior and performance. Complex...
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