...nature Vs nurture Nature versus nurture have a many articles. Nature Versus nurture include inherited genes or the environmental influences and effects that develop our personality whether our behavior , or ability or our intelligence. Autism in children is a subject that can be clarified by nature or nurture. This essay will discuss the difficulties, symptoms, and the causes of autism. Firstly, many autistic children have obstruction issues in a language, social, and behavioral issues. So, we have to understand the communication and social challenges experienced by children with autism. (Wetherby and Prizant , 2000). Secondly, there's no biological test for autism. But some symptoms are behavioral and others are biological. Slow development and abnormal brain size, certain genetic indicators and many others are biological symptoms. Inability to understand the language or inability to understand human faces, these are some of behavioral symptoms. (Mary Jo & McCormick , 2006). Thirdly, the scientists thought that "specific genes" are suspected to be causal in autism. Carlson (2011) explains how in the autistic brain the value of white matter containing short range axons was increased and not connected with the brain (Wegiel et. Al., 2010, p. 755). On the other hand, some parents thought that environmental factors coursed their child's autism while other parents feel that children are affected by biological indicators (Wetherby and Prizant , 2000). Briefly, scientists...
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...Autism: Acceptance versus Cure? By: Fayola Adonia Electra Introduction About 1 percent of the population of the world has autism spectrum disorder (CDC, 2014). Autism is often overlooked or thought of as something negative. People need to be aware of autism. Many people with autism are discriminated and isolated against— just because they don’t fit in society. People with autism should be accepted as they are, and they should also be allowed to have their own opinions and do whatever they want about their autism. What is autism? Autism, or autism spectrum disorder, is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that affects the way a person’s brain develops. This causes changes in the way a person might behave and learn. Autism is not a well-defined...
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...Running head: IMMUNIZATION:RISKS VS BENEFITS Immunization: Risks vs Benefits Gail D. Adams G124/ENC1101 Section 07 Abstract As the world population continues to grow, the issue of whether or not to immunize our children is one that needs to be investigated, and resolved. This paper will inform the reader of both the risks, and the benefits associated with immunization, as well as, dispel the rumors and misinformation surrounding the vaccines used. Immunization: Risks vs Benefits In the world we live in today, the incidence of serious or deadly disease still remains, and just because the U.S. has not had a pandemic recently, the possibilities of a disease of epic proportions is basically only a plane ride away. It is very important to be educated and informed about immunization, the risks versus benefits, so that we can be wise and immunize. Immunization Benefits Immunization against deadly diseases has been a hot topic for many years, and the public needs to be informed on both the benefits and risks that are associated with the vaccines, so that all people can make a well informed decision on whether or not to vaccinate. There seems to be many misconceptions about the vaccines, but the cold, hard, truth is that immunization prevents illness, disability, and death from vaccine preventable diseases such as: polio, diphtheria, pneumonia, rubella, tetanus, pertussis, measles, and rotavirus diarrhea. About 22.4 million infants did not receive the diphtheria...
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...immunization on the development of autism In recent years, a worldwide concern over immunization and its schedule has increased dramatically. The vaccine-autism hypothesis belongs to the most extensively debated theories related to the origins of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Critics of dangerous ingredients contained in vaccines designate that such preservatives may contribute to, or cause, a range of cognitive disorders in children. When administered at early age, immunization may seriously affect neurological and not completely developed immune systems. In contrast, both biological and epidemiological studies tend to contradict the vaccine-autism theory. Given this fact, it is of vital importance to thoroughly examine both sides of the coin and come to a reasonable conclusion. PECULIARITIES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Autism, or, more broadly, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), includes a number of complex cognitive and communicational disorders. According to Richard Lathe, the molecular biologist, autism is difficult to define (20). However, there exists a range of distinctive peculiarities, by which one can recognize ASD. Repetitive patterns of behavior, a withdrawal from social relatedness and interaction, and specific movement patterns characterize autism. The symptoms occur from early childhood, usually at age of 2-3 years, and affect daily functioning (Lathe 32). The diagnosis of ASD incorporates the evaluation of intellectual disability and language impairment. The use...
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...are inclusion classrooms created for students with disabilities of all kind that spend their entire school day in this setting with students without disabilities. Many issues may arise that effects the actual student, classmate, and staff. Some issues that are faced by the majority in this setting includes limited emotional support, adaption peers and in the actual environment, as well as more distractions created when the goal is for those issues to be limited so that all students can focus more in a supportive and calm environment to reap a fair amount...
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...Name Kelly Fennell Date 1/13/15 Guided Notes- SPED3100 Chapter 1: Perspectives on Disability Note: Guided notes are submitted in D2L before class and must be a minimum of 3 pages. Raymond, E. B. (2012). Learners with mild disabilities: A characteristics approach. (4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. 1. Distribution of Disabilities a) Source: From 28th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2006 (Vol. 1, p.41) by U.S. Department of Education, 2009, Washington, D.C.: USDOE i. Specific Learning Disabilities: 46.4% ii. Speech or Language Impairments: 18.8% iii. Intellectual Disabilities: 9.3% iv. Emotional Disturbance: 7.9% v. Other Health Impairments: 8.4% vi. Other disabilities combined: 9.2% 2. Studying High-Prevalence Disabilities a) High-prevalence disabilities include learning disabilities, mild intellectual disabilities, emotional or behavioral disorders, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder i. All are served by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act b) Students with ADHD typically have another disability, as well c) 50% of students in special education have learning disabilities, while 10% have intellectual disabilities, and another 10% have emotional disorders d) Students may display a variety of difficulties, issues, and behaviors that cause identification and classification to be difficult e) It is important to provide...
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...General Psychology Autism- severe chronic developmental disorder * Characterized by severely compromised ability to engage in and by a lack of interest in social interaction. *Autism Spectrum* 1. Asperger’s Syndrome * high/ normal intelligence * shy * problem on eye contact * don’t recognize facial expressions * focus only on 1 thing * absent minded * can’t adapt to changes 2. Semantic Pragmantic Disorder- more sociable 3. Hyperlexia- more on a symptom than a disorder - fascinated in letters and numbers but don’t communicate 4. Non-verbal Learning Disability- can’t recognize faces 5. Prosopagnosia- face blind (2.5% of the entire world) ~ ~ ~ Learning Disorder Dyslexia- reading disorder “Dyslexia” ADHD- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Stuttering- therapy “singing” Tics- abnormal movement that can’t be controlled Tourette’s Syndrome-vocal tics (5 in every 10k people) Coprolalia- involuntary shouting Separation Anxiety (No Description) Conduct Disorder (No Description) ~ ~ ~ Jean Piaget- 1st a BIOLOGIST Cognitive Development- ability to understand Genetic Epistemology- study of the development of knowledge Schemas- sensory motor skills A. Assimilation (No Description) B. Accommodation (No Description) Equilibrium- Balance of adaptation Stages of Cognitive Development 1. Sensorimotor- birth- 2 years old Primary Circular Reaction | 1 to 4 months | Mental Representation...
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...History of Special Education Erin Hauser SPE/300 May 4, 2015 Tabatha Astacio Arce Introduction Special Education has come a long way particularly since the enactment of two federal laws: the EHA (Education for All Handicapped Children Act) and the IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act). The EHA requires public education for all children with disabilities and the IDEA requires special education for those children. How Terminology Has Changed The term “mental retardation” has such an offensive vibe to it. Many teachers get upset when people use this term. However, it is used because that is what was written into the text of federal law. It says “ …a learning problem that is primarily the result of visual, hearing, mental retardation…” (20 U.S.C. 1401(30)). Some states have changed the terminology in their state statutes to “cognitive disability” or “intellectual disability”. Many people do not like the words “handicap” or “crippled” even, as it implies a negative feel towards the person. Some believe this makes us focus on their disability instead of the person and their gifts and talents. Many people refer to people with these struggles as “exceptional” as others have preferred “challenged” or “differently-abled”. Our society tends to focus on the negative in people or the “different” in people who don’t fit the “normal” criteria such as fashionable, intelligent, middle to upper class, athletic. Why Students are in the Least Restrictive Environment ...
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...Comparisons of Language Acquisition Broward College January 30, 2014 Author’s Note: This research paper was developed for EEX3601 taught by Dr. Lisa Grossman Comparisons of Language Acquisition The gift of language and speech has given humanity the ability to communicate wants, needs, and messages, while also allowing beings to understand others. According to Kuder (2008), “language is a rule governed symbol system for communicating meaning through a shared code of arbitraty symbols” (p.6). Languages are learned through a phenomenon called acquisition. As a Pre- Professional, it is necessary to understand normal language acquisition in comparison to those with diverse learning styles, including developmentally delayed and second language learners. First languages are acquired through language acquisition, or the process where language is acquired naturally. Exposure to language, interaction with parents and the enviornment, and constant practice are all manners in which languages continue to be developed. Typically, all normal developing children begin to experience language acquisition and reach milestones within a common time frame. Language first begins with infant crying, cooing, babbling, and continues through stages of telegraphic speech. If a child has not reached particular language milestones within a time frame, he or she may be catagorized as having a developmental delay. A child may be classified as having a deficit in either receptive or expressive speech...
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...paraphrases in its own words what the speaker had said to confirm or clarify of accuracy of the message. “Active listening involves listening with your head and your heart; that is, you listen to the content of the message but also the feelings behind the message. The skill of active listening involves paying attention with empathy to the listener, as opposed to distracted denying, cynical or ostrich behavior. (Hogan, 2000) Children and adults with autism, as well as those with other developmental disabilities, may have a dysfunctional sensory system. Sometimes one or more senses are either over- or under-reactive to stimulation. Such sensory problems may be the underlying reason for such behaviors as rocking, spinning, and hand-flapping. Although the receptors for the senses are located in the peripheral nervous system (which includes everything but the brain and spinal cord), it is believed that the problem stems from neurological dysfunction in the central nervous system the brain. As described by individuals with autism, sensory integration techniques, such as pressure-touch can facilitate attention and awareness, and reduce overall arousal. Temple Grandin,...
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...assessed in English if their primary language was Arabic. 3. Individualized Education Program (IEP): This says that every student must be given a customized plan for their education. Each students IEP must do the following; present levels of educational performance, measurable annual goals, objective criteria and evaluation procedures, specific special education services, extent of participation in general education and explanation of non-participation, modifications to general education classrooms, and projected dates of initiation and length of services. 4. Least Restrictive Environment (LRE): This means that all children, with and without disabilities, should be education together unless it is not what is best for the child. 5. Due Process: A system of checks and balances to make sure children with disabilities are treated fairly. This includes; written parental consent for evaluation of special education, written parental permission for placement in special education, parents rights to review children’s records, parental right to an independent evaluation for child, parental and institutional rights to a hearing, parents and institutions right to appeal, and everyone’s rights to confidentiality. 6. Parental Participation: Parents have the right to be included in everything. Schools have to communicate everything to parents at all times (The Education). B. 1....
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...As long as psychology has been a discipline in its own right there have been many new and exciting theories proposed, all claiming to hold more promise and insight than the last. Consequently, many of these theories are scrutinized by those of the potentially effected field, and rightly so. Therefore the concept of a paradigm shifting theory in the form of mirror neurons would surely be scrutinized more than most, as the potential of such a theory has implications across many a field in psychology. However the concept of mirror neurons may have the potential to increase any understanding of how human and animal brains may function. Furthermore, in order to discuss possible implications of mirror neurons this essay has firstly presented a detailed description for the concept of mirror neurons, supporting any explanation with relevant research. In addition to any supporting research, research providing evidence to the contrary has been provided to enable a balanced analysis. Therefore, a balanced description of mirror neurons will facilitate any critical analysis for the possible psychological implications, thereby providing a balanced argument for the legitimacy of mirror neurons. Additionally, following any analysis of relevant research, a balanced and supported conclusion was produced in order to summarise any analysed research. Accordingly, the concept of mirror neurons first came to be in the winter of 1991when a paper entitled ‘Understanding motor events: A neurophysiological...
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...Strategies for focusing a broad research topic Are you overwhelmed with how much information you are finding? Try the suggestions below: * Develop a tentative focus List what you already know and questions you have about the topic and focus on those you find most interesting. * Find background information on your topic Check our Electronic Reference Collection for an article in an online encyclopedia you can trust. * Look for magazine articles Magazine articles tend to be shorter and can provide a general idea of key issues or controversies related to your topic. Try: * Academic Search Complete * Academic OneFile * Search CQ Researcher This is a great source for finding background information and overviews of a wide array of topics. * Choose a particular perspective on the issue How do scholars from different subject fields approach your topic? Finding different points of view can provide you with a better sense of direction. Look through our subject-specific databases listed on the Find Articlespage like: * Education Full Text (EBSCO) * Worldwide Political Science Abstracts (ProQuest) * PubMed (National Library of Medicine) * Limit your search to a specific time period Look for date limit options when searching a database. * Need more help? Ask a Librarian for assistance. Finding research topic ideas You'll be spending a bit of time on your research paper, so be sure to choose a...
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...Disability Etiquette: Engaging People with Disabilities Don’t let fear and uncertainty keep you from getting to know people with disabilities. Fear of the unknown and lack of knowledge about interacting can lead to uneasiness when meeting a person who has a disability. Remember: a person with a disability is a person with feelings. Treat him or her as you would want to be treated, and then let common sense and friendship break down any barriers you may encounter. Meeting a person with a disability 1. A handshake is NOT a standard greeting for everyone. When in doubt, ASK the person whether he or she would like to shake hands with you. A smile along with a spoken greeting is always appropriate. 2. Speak directly to the person with a disability, not just to persons who may be accompanying him or her. 3. Don’t mention the person’s disability, unless he or she talks about it or it is relevant to the conversation. 4. Treat adults as adults. Don’t patronize or talk down to people with disabilities. Likewise, don’t lavish praise on a person with a disability for having the “courage” to overcome a disability. 5. Be patient and give your undivided attention, especially with someone who speaks slowly or with great effort. 6. Never pretend to understand what a person is saying. Ask the person to repeat or rephrase. 7. It is okay to use common expressions like “see you soon” or “I’d better be running along.” 8. Relax. We all make mistakes. Offer...
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...more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Linda Adkins Organizational Design Paper Linda Adkins March 18, 2012 HCS/514 Allegheny Valley School (AVS) a company of Northeastern Human Services (NHS) AVS (n. d.) “Founded in 1960, Allegheny Valley School (AVS) operates residential and therapeutic programs throughout Pennsylvania for children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities” (p. 1). AVS is a member of Northeastern Human Services (NHS) family of companies. AVS gives care for their individuals from childhood and throughout their adult lives. A plan for each individual is designed to achieve a high level of independence along with enhancing the quality of his or her lives. Because of the nature of the business, the company runs with many teams of people in many areas. Since AVS was...
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