...Bipolar Disorder in Children The term “bipolar” came from putting together the Latin roots bi, meaning two and polus, which pertains to a geographical pole, like the North and South Pole. Thus, bipolar means two poles or two extremes in mood or behavior. A Greek physician named Arataeus of Cappadocia from the second century A.D. was the first person to recognize symptoms of bipolar disorder. Arataeus’s observations of patient’s mood swing symptoms are what are now known as bipolar disorder. He wrote, “The patients are dull or stern; dejected or unreasonably torpid (sluggish), without any manifest cause.” (The Everything, p. 2) Later in history, scientist Richard Burton published his book “The Anatomy of Melancholia (1650), which gave Arataeus’s work widespread recognition. Burtons work became a standard reference in the mental health field and he was regarded as the “father of depression.” (The Everything, p. 2) French doctor Jean Pierre Falret linked suicide and depression in 1854 and distinguished his patients’ periods of depression from their exacerbated moods, giving rise to the term “bipolar.” Falret also recognized the tendency for these moods to run in families and this inspired continued research into the twentieth century. There was an article in The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorder in 1952 that stated manic-depression could likely be traced in families. By the time the 1970s rolled around legislation established the standards of ethics for care and treatment of...
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...Margaret Mead once quoted, “children must be taught how to think, not what to think” (Goodreads: Quotes about Education). In this assignment, it will be talking about children with emotional and behavioral disorders, physical disabilities, health impairments, and traumatic brain injury. It will go on to describe what can be done in order to help not only the child, but other students interact with the children who are having a hard time in the classroom. Not all disabilities relate to learning, as some disabilities go as far as behavior. Children are born with these disabilities, and help should be provided in order to ensure that the child is getting the same education as his/her other classmates. This article will go on to explain the different teaching strategies and the determination of the student and teacher in order to cope with disorders. Furthermore, it is apparent that a person goes on to understand the effective teaching strategies for students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Some teaching strategies include: “behavior management, do not go into a power struggle with the student in need, try to stay focused on the subject at hand, display proper behavior in a learning environment” (Lecture Notes 7a). It is necessary that the teacher follows the guidelines set out in order to ensure they are giving the student the proper help possible. If the instructor continues to stay on task, the child would be more likely to stay focused and keep trying to reach an...
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... Autistic Spectrum Disorder Clinton T. Ashe Professor: Dr. Janice Spagenburg February18, 2013 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2 Autism Spectrum Disorders Autism is a disorder that use to affect an estimated 3.4 out of every 1,000 children ages 3-10. And now research suggests that autism now affects 1 out of 110 children. These types of Disorders can cause disruption in families and unfulfilled lives for many children who have this disorder. Autism Spectrum Disorders range from a severe form which is called autistic disorder to a mild form known as Asperger syndrome. The risk for this disorder is higher for males than females. In 1942 while working at John Hopkins Hospital, Dr. Leo Kanner conducted a study with a group of 11 children and at the end of the study introduced the label of “early infantile autism” into the English language. During that same time frame and half way around the world, Dr. Hans Asperger described a lesser form of the disorder that became known as “asperger syndrome”. These two disorders have been described and are currently listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as two out of five pervasive developmental disorders and are often referred to as autism spectrum disorders. These disorders are categorized by the variance in the degrees of impairment in...
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...Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens Crystal Revis HCS 245 June 10, 2013 Joan Ralph Webber Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens Bipolar disorder is a very common disorder in adults all across the country, with more than 10 million confirmed cases (Webmd, 2013), and even worldwide. For many years, it was thought that only adults could develop the disorder, but now, with new research, studies have shown that the disorder is showing up more and more in teens and children alike. But with anti-depressant medications being made for adults only, the real question is going to be how to treat these teens and children. “Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood and energy. It can also make it hard for someone to carry out day-to-day tasks, such as going to school or hanging out with friends. Symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe. They are different from the normal ups and downs that everyone goes through from time to time. They can result in damaged relationships, poor school performance, and even suicide. But bipolar disorder can be treated, and people with this illness can lead full and productive lives. Bipolar disorder often develops in a person's late teens or early adult years, but some people have their first symptoms during childhood. At least half of all cases start before age 25 (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012).” Being diagnosed with ADHD as a child can ultimately...
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...Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Children | What is OCD? Clinically Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder, characterized by the inability to restrain obsessive thoughts for sustained periods. In extremis, sufferers obsess identical thoughts for years, in an endlessly exhausting cycle. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood and is seen in as many as 1 in 200 children and adolescents. OCD is characterized by recurrent intense obsessions and/or compulsions that cause severe discomfort and interfere with day-to-day functioning. Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are unwanted and cause marked anxiety or distress. Frequently, they are unrealistic or irrational. They are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems or preoccupations. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or rituals (like hand washing, hoarding, keeping things in order, checking something over and over) or mental acts (like counting, repeating words silently, avoiding). In OCD, the obsessions or compulsions cause significant anxiety or distress, or they interfere with the child's normal routine, academic functioning, social activities, or relationships. The obsessive thoughts may vary with the age of the child and may change over time. A younger child with OCD may have persistent thoughts that harm will occur to himself or a family member, for example an intruder entering an unlocked door...
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...Reactive Attachment Disorder in Children and Adolescents in Institutionalized and in Foster Care, and Adoptive Families Lisa W. Marshall Liberty University Abstract It is believed children exposed to early institutional rearing are at risk for developing psychopathology (McGoron, et. al., 2012). Comparisons were made to discover if Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) was more prevalent in children raised institutions, foster care or adoptive families. Measurements included the Observational Record of the Caregiving Environment, Strange Situation Procedure, Disturbances of Attachment Interview, and the Preschool Aged Psychiatric Assessment (Smyke, et. al. 2012), the Reynolds Adolescent Adjustment Screening Interview (Cone, et. al., 2009) in addition to the Reactive Affective Disorder Checklist (RAD-C) and the Relationships Problem Questionnaire (RPQ), in the diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder (Thrall, et al., 2009). These measurements were not only utilized to discover the existence of RAD, but to test the validity of the methods. Additionally, treatment studies including holding, narrative therapy, parenting skills training, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, psychodrama, and/or neurofeedback (Wimmer, et. al.,2009) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (Cone, et. al.,2009) are examined. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) lists Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) as a serious, directly linked...
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...Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Ronda Real RES/110 Introduction to Research and Information Utilization March 31, 2010 Don Hull Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Ever been in a restaurant, in a classroom, or in church and seen a child who cannot sit still, concentrate, or talks constantly and wonder what is wrong with the child? The child may have Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD. Within this paper the following questions will be answered, the definition of ADHD, the cause of ADHD, the symptoms of ADHD and if the symptoms differ in boys and girls, the different treatments for ADHD. Definition of ADHD If one has seen the children who cannot sit still, concentrate, or talks constantly and wonders if the child has ADHD then one needs to know the definition of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. According to Mayo Clinic (2009), the definition of "attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. Problems associated with ADHD include inattention and hyperactive, impulsive behavior. Children with ADHD may struggle with low self-esteem, troubled relationships and poor performance in school" (Definition, para. 1). Within this clinics definition of ADHD there is an estimated three percent to five percent of children who are affected in the United States...
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...Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present with a number of behavioral, social, and academic challenges. However, the importance of understanding the strengths and abilities of these children should not be overlooked, particularly in the school environment. First, it is important to understand common areas of strength in children with ADHD. In what areas are these children successful, and how are parents and educators able to support their growth and development in both areas of strength and need? Identifying areas of potential strength across children with ADHD will serve to provide a broad understanding of the unique capabilities of this population. Recent research examining strengths in children with ADHD has begun to identify a number of areas in which these children are no different from those without ADHD. Children with ADHD have been found to demonstrate cognitive strengths in the areas of logical thinking and reasoning, emotional intelligence, and creativity. There is a need to continue this avenue of research so as to better understand areas of ability and how they can be used to support success. Second, it is important to understand what protective factors may be most influential for children with ADHD. Protective factors are those that serve to shield children with ADHD against further negative outcomes, such as the development of comorbid conditions, depression, and oppositional defiant disorder. These protective factors, both internal...
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...Social anxiety disorder, or also known as social phobia, is a fear of social situations that involve interacting with others. Those with social anxiety disorder feel like they’re always in the spotlight, being scrutinized for everything they do (Chansky, 2004, p. 148) and they try to avoid social situations as much as they can (Meyers, 2011, p. 662-663). Some physical symptoms of social anxiety disorder include stomach aches, shallow breathing, sweating, feeling hot flashes, feeling like your heart is racing, tightness in chest, feeling tense, or shakiness. According to the Canadian Mental Health Association (2012), about 8% of people will experience symptoms of social anxiety disorder at some point in their life and women were found to experience...
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...Oppositional Defiant Disorder or ODD in children is a psychiatric disorder that can persist into adulthood. Students with ODD have an underdeveloped conscience and poor relationship skills. They display a great deal of aggression and purposefully annoy others. The actions of these children seriously interfere with their functioning at home and at school. Being defiant and argumentative are typical patterns of behaviour these children display throughout their school years. 13/10/2014 2 Being easily aggravated and annoyed Irritating others intentionally Exhibiting sudden, unprovoked anger Blaming others for their mistakes or for their misbehaviour Refusing to comply with adult requests Bragging about being mean and never truly being sorry Lying Being vengeful without provocation Being easily angered, frustrated and annoyed Cursing and using inappropriate language Seeking attention Having low self-esteem Provoking conflict among peers, family members and other adults 13/10/2014 3 The cause of ODD is unknown. Some researchers have speculated that ODD results from incomplete child development. These children do not seem to learn the coping skills that most children absorb early in life. The disorder may be related to a child’s temperament and the family’s reaction to it. Poor parenting skills, loss of a family member to death, divorce or incarceration, other family adversity may also play a role in children developing ODD. ...
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...antipsychotic drugs used to treat school-aged children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The distribution of these ADHD medications have steadily increased over the years, which has, on one hand, presented a possible solution to the escalating diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and on the latter, brought into question the ethics and effectiveness of these medications. Health officials, parents, and the children themselves struggle to come to an agreement when deciding whether or not medication is the best solution. The Debate Over Medicating Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In the spring of 2004, Jacqueline A. Sparks, an associate professor of family therapy at the University of Rhode Island, and Barry L. Duncan, a cofounder of the Institute for the Study of Therapeutic Change, investigated the ethics and effectiveness behind the distribution of ADHD medications as a modern treatment method for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Even though, “appropriate identification and treatment of symptoms for psychiatric illnesses (such as ADHD) during childhood and adolescence is critical” (ScienceDaily). Sparks and Duncan note that, “ADHD is arguably the most controversial topic in recent mental health history. The ADHD diagnosis is not defined by a biological marker (Leo & Cohen, 33), but is rather subjective and not easily distinguished from the everyday behavior of children. Thus, the diagnosis lacks reliability...
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...Project Title Relationship between Watching Violent Movies and Sleep Disorder in Children and Adolescents Preparatory Stage (Literary) Done By 1. Ahmed Ibrahim 2. Muhammad Subhan 3. Ibtisam Raza Supervised By Musarrat Khan Cell No. 33619928 Email: musaratkhan70@yahoo.com School Email: pss@qatar.net.qa Pak Shamaa School& College, Doha-Qatar. Acknowledgement It is indeed a great pleasure whenever someone accomplishes a something special. No doubt, a number of people are directly or indirectly involved in the process and whose guidance, criticism, motivation, cooperation and support make it possible to reach your destiny. We are using this opportunity to express our gratitude to everyone who supported us throughout the course of this project. Firstly we would like to thank Mr. Musarrat Khan without whose support this project could not be completed. Next we would like extend our gratitude to all the volunteers and their parents/guardians who generously granted their consent to carry our project. In addition, we wish to thank Madam Nabila Kaukab Principal Pak Shamaa School, who always supported and encouraged us. DEDICATION We dedicate our project to all the volunteers whose cooperation was really exceptional. We also dedicate this paper to our friends and family members who have supported us throughout the process. We wish to dedicate our work to all our teachers and technicians who render great services to educate and train the youth Table of Contents Abstract...
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...Project Title Relationship between Watching Violent Movies and Sleep Disorder in Children and Adolescents Preparatory Stage (Literary) Done By 1. Ahmed Ibrahim 2. Muhammad Subhan 3. Ibtisam Raza Supervised By Musarrat Khan Cell No. 33619928 Email: musaratkhan70@yahoo.com School Email: pss@qatar.net.qa Pak Shamaa School& College, Doha-Qatar. Acknowledgement It is indeed a great pleasure whenever someone accomplishes a something special. No doubt, a number of people are directly or indirectly involved in the process and whose guidance, criticism, motivation, cooperation and support make it possible to reach your destiny. We are using this opportunity to express our gratitude to everyone who supported us throughout the course of this project. Firstly we would like to thank Mr. Musarrat Khan without whose support this project could not be completed. Next we would like extend our gratitude to all the volunteers and their parents/guardians who generously granted their consent to carry our project. In addition, we wish to thank Madam Nabila Kaukab Principal Pak Shamaa School, who always supported and encouraged us. DEDICATION We dedicate our project to all the volunteers whose cooperation was really exceptional. We also dedicate this paper to our friends and family members who have supported us throughout the process. We wish to dedicate our work to all our teachers and technicians who render great services to educate and train the youth Table of Contents Abstract...
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...Project Title Relationship between Watching Violent Movies and Sleep Disorder in Children and Adolescents Preparatory Stage (Literary) Done By 1. Ahmed Ibrahim 2. Muhammad Subhan 3. Ibtisam Raza Supervised By Musarrat Khan Cell No. 33619928 Email: musaratkhan70@yahoo.com School Email: pss@qatar.net.qa Pak Shamaa School& College, Doha-Qatar. Acknowledgement It is indeed a great pleasure whenever someone accomplishes a something special. No doubt, a number of people are directly or indirectly involved in the process and whose guidance, criticism, motivation, cooperation and support make it possible to reach your destiny. We are using this opportunity to express our gratitude to everyone who supported us throughout the course of this project. Firstly we would like to thank Mr. Musarrat Khan without whose support this project could not be completed. Next we would like extend our gratitude to all the volunteers and their parents/guardians who generously granted their consent to carry our project. In addition, we wish to thank Madam Nabila Kaukab Principal Pak Shamaa School, who always supported and encouraged us. DEDICATION We dedicate our project to all the volunteers whose cooperation was really exceptional. We also dedicate this paper to our friends and family members who have supported us throughout the process. We wish to dedicate our work to all our teachers and technicians who render great services to educate and train the youth Table of Contents Abstract...
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...CRITICAL EVALUATION OF A PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH PAPER The aim of this report is to critique the research paper entitled “Special Needs Characteristics of Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders That Affect Inclusion in Regular Education”, by Stoutjesdik, Scholte, & Swaab (2012). The aim of the research paper is to determine the special needs characteristics of children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) that predict the placement of these children in restrictive school settings. The researchers point out that children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) are often placed in the most restrictive educational settings, despite various countries’ aim to place all children in the least restrictive settings possible, based on the Salamanca Statement (1994). This is due to the fact that EBDs are considered the most challenging disabilities to be catered for in regular education settings. The researchers argue that there are differences in the characteristics between children with EBD that are educated in special education schools and those educated in inclusive education schools. It is argued that these differences play a significant role in the decision as to where a child with EBD is placed and the study seeks to answer two research questions: determination of the differences in characteristics between children with EBD placed in the two different settings, and determination of the the difference that contribute most to placement in restrictive education settings...
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