...2004 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands Divergent and Convergent Idea Generation in Teams: A Comparison of Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Communication DAVID S. KERR Department of Accounting, Mays School of Business, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4353, USA (E-mail: d-kerr@tamu.edu) UDAY S. MURTHY School of Accountancy, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue BSN3403, Tampa, FL 33620-5500, USA (E-mail: umurthy@coba.usf.edu) Abstract Many tasks and decisions in business, including management consulting, are performed in group settings. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools (e.g., Lotus Notes) are increasingly being used by businesses to support teams in a variety of settings. Considerable research in information systems has demonstrated the advantages of “electronic brainstorming” (EBS) for generic tasks involving only divergent thinking. However, it is unclear whether the benefits of CMC extend to tasks that require both divergent and convergent processes. Per task–technology fit theory (TTF) (Zigurs and Buckland 1998), the use of computer-based group communication support tools, including “chat” systems in wide-spread use today, may be less effective for convergent processes than for divergent processes. This study experimentally compares the performance of computer-mediated and face-to-face (FTF) teams on tasks requiring both divergent and convergent processes. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the...
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...A Framework for Strategic Innovation A Framework for Strategic Innovation Blending strategy and creative exploration to discover future business opportunities ______________________________ by Derrick Palmer & Soren Kaplan Managing Principals, InnovationPoint LLC © InnovationPoint LLC www.innovation-point.com Page 1 A Framework for Strategic Innovation Authors Soren Kaplan is the author of Leapfrogging and a Managing Principal at InnovationPoint, where he works with organizations including Visa, Colgate-Palmolive, Medtronic, Disney, Philips, PepsiCo, and numerous other global firms. Soren previously led the internal strategy and innovation group at Hewlett-Packard (HP) during the roaring 1990’s in Silicon Valley and was a co-founder of iCohere, one of the first web collaboration platforms for online learning and communities of practice. He is an Adjunct Professor within the Imagineering Academy at NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences in The Netherlands. He holds Master’s and Ph.D. degrees in Organizational Psychology and resides in the San Francisco Bay Area with his wife, two daughters, and hypo-allergenic cat. Learn more about his book Leapfrogging by visiting www.leapfrogging.com. Derrick Palmer consults on strategic innovation with global, Fortune 1000 and medium-sized businesses. His areas of focus include corporate strategy, consumer-inspired new product innovation, designing best-in-class innovation processes, and...
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...Vanuatu Geology Script Slide 1: The Geology of Vanuatu Slide 2: Tectonic plates are large pieces of molten rock that make up the earth’s mantle. The outer layer of the earth consists of seven main plates (the African, North American, South American, Eurasian, Indo-Australian, Antarctic and Pacific plates) and multiple smaller ones. Convection currents are heat transfers where heated magma rises and cooled magma sinks. They are caused by large movements of molecules in the asthenosphere and flow under the lithosphere, creating plate movement. This causes the plates to interact with other surrounding plates, which are called tectonic boundaries. Slide 3: There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent and transform. Divergent plates move away from each other, forming new land when magma rises from underneath the crust. This can also create volcanoes, lakes and rift valleys. Convergent plates move towards one another and collide. One plate usually subducts under the other, which surges upwards, often producing earthquakes, volcanic activity, and crustal deformation. Transform plates slide past one another. The friction from the abrasive edges of the plates causes earthquakes, generally followed by tsunamis. Slide 4: Vanuatu is a small archipelago of several main...
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...the global economy. Globalization refers to the integration of economics and societies all over the world. Globalization involves technological, economic, political, and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation, and infrastructure. By its nature, globalization spans a multitude of disciplines, communities, and cultures. This, of course, allows for a variety of viewpoints, be they economic, social, or political. An individual’s political ideology, geographic location, social status, cultural background, and ethnic and religious affiliation provide the background that determines how globalization is interpreted. The impact of globalization is vast. Broadly speaking, the process of globalization has two aspects. The first refers to those factors - such as trade, investment, technology, cross-border production systems, flows of information and communication - which bring societies and citizens closer together. The second refers to policies and institutions, such as trade and capital market liberalization, international standards for labour, the environment, corporate behaviour and other issues, agreements on intellectual property rights, and other policies pursued at both the national and international level which support the integration...
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...North and South. A key-defining feature of globalization is the restructuring of production, made contingent by the increased competition between firms and corporations. The global restructuring process of production has a tremendous impact on labor relations within countries and directly affects women’s work. For one, the restructuring of production to reflect a global division of labor reflect and reinforce economic disparities between the global North and the global South through the changing nature of employment and labor force requirements. Likewise, global restructuring inevitably result in patterns of flexibilization and feminization of labor (Gills, 2002, p. 107). In particular, the tendency towards the feminization of labor in the new global economy has resulted in “the devaluing of jobs, the shift from full time to part time, the shift from jobs with upward mobility to dead end jobs, the increasing informality/casualization of the labor force” (Nagar, et. al., 2002, p. 263). The changes brought about by globalization in the patterns of employment and labor force participation among women results in the creation of a unique and complex situation of convergence in women’s working lives in the global North and South while presenting divergent patterns in terms of work and employment opportunities and degrees of marginalization and exploitation at the same time. Hence, the globalization of...
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...Subject: Effective Writing (EL1010) Topic: “Interpersonal Communication”. Grade Awarded: Distinction Lecturer’s Comments: Where you have not used the primary source you should indicate this e.g. Phillips in Francis 1992. AREA CRITERIA COMMENTS INTRODUCTION (10) • Subject matter and direction clearly shown and defined. • Clear link to question Clear focus CONTENT - BASIC (10) • Evidence of basic reading/data/understandings appropriate to topic. Base reading well understood. Clear definitions consistently used. CONTENT - REACTION (10) • Evidence of personal reactions to basic ideas. • Depth analysis of major ideas Very little personal reaction on example 3. CRITICAL ANALYSIS (10) • Evidence of wider reading and critical analysis. • Contributions and conclusions drawn. Excellent reading beyond the base set. Not a lot of critique through culture introduced. PRESENTATION (10) • Correct grammar, punctuation and spelling. • Acceptable and consistent referencing format. • Reference list up to date and relevant. • Originality, format and style. • Development of a logical thesis clearly linked to the question asked. Well written with useful headings and coherent argument. (Note: This sample is provided in the exact form it was submitted and corrections and comments made in the text by the lecturer are not included.) To function effectively in today’s society people must communicate with one another. Yet for some individuals communication experiences are...
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...Globalization Over many centuries, human societies across the globe have established progressively closer contacts. Recently, the pace of global integration has dramatically increased. Unprecedented changes in communications, transportation, and computer technology have given the process new impetus and made the world more interdependent than ever. Multinational corporations manufacture products in many countries and sell to consumers around the world. Money, technology and raw materials move ever more swiftly across national borders. Along with products and finances, ideas and cultures circulate more freely. As a result, laws, economies, and social movements are forming at the international level. The globalized world sweeps away regulation and undermines local and national politics, just as the consolidation of the nation state swept away local economies, dialects, cultures and political forms. Globalization creates new markets and wealth, even as it causes widespread suffering, disorder, and unrest. It is both a source of repression and a catalyst for global movements of social justice and emancipation. The great financial crisis of 2008-09 has revealed the dangers of an unstable, deregulated, global economy but it has also given rise to important global initiatives for change. According to Wikipedia, globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. To put in simple terms...
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...FOUND AT: http://www.jcu.edu.au/tldinfo/writingskills/essay/sample.html Subject: Effective Writing (EL1010) Topic: “Interpersonal Communication”. Grade Awarded: Distinction Lecturer’s Comments: Where you have not used the primary source you should indicate this e.g. Phillips in Francis 1992. AREA CRITERIA COMMENTS INTRODUCTION (10) Subject matter and direction clearly shown and defined. Clear link to question Clear focus CONTENT - BASIC (10) Evidence of basic reading/data/understandings appropriate to topic. Base reading well understood. Clear definitions consistently used. CONTENT - REACTION (10) Evidence of personal reactions to basic ideas. Depth analysis of major ideas Very little personal reaction on example 3. CRITICAL ANALYSIS (10) Evidence of wider reading and critical analysis. Contributions and conclusions drawn. Excellent reading beyond the base set. Not a lot of critique through culture introduced. PRESENTATION (10) Correct grammar, punctuation and spelling. Acceptable and consistent referencing format. Reference list up to date and relevant. Originality, format and style. Development of a logical thesis clearly linked to the question asked. Well written with useful headings and coherent argument. (Note: This sample is provided in the exact form it was submitted and corrections and comments made in the text by the lecturer are not included.) To function effectively in today’s society people must communicate with one...
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...Organizational Terrorism. (a) State Sponsored Terrorism is always directed against another state, often by proxy, with the aim to destabilize it. A good example to drive home this idea is Pakistan sponsored terrorism against India. (b) State Terrorism is directed against a State’s own citizen. The reason could be numerous, chief among is the tussle between majority and minority group (both demographic and religious). A case in point is the 1994 Rawanda Genocide where majority ethnic Hutu tribe militia butchered nearly 8 lakhs Tutsis in 100 days of carnage. (c) Organizational Terrorism is used by groups to realize divergent aims including political, social, and economic. For example, Naxal groups use terror to realize the political goal of usurping State power while Al-Qaeda and Islamic State do it for religious reasons. How do terrorism organizations use technology, especially the internet? It will only be apt to say that technological progress has spawned a new form of terrorism called Cyber Terrorism. Terrorists use internet to communicate, spread...
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...History is infused with multiple changes and continuities that affected the way of living for humans in the past, which eventually had an impact on the divergent lifestyles experienced today. Jared Diamond attempts to address these modifications and continuities in his book “Guns, Germs, and Steel,” discussing specific changes that occurred and allowed one location to succeed at a faster rate than another location. As we look at the rate of progression in the past and the present, Eurasia, the continent of Europe and Asia, developed faster than any other continent. The reasoning behind this is the earth’s tilted axis which came to Eurasia’s advantage because the its orientation corresponded with the growth of plants. This greatly impacted...
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...The essence of law enforcement is protecting and serving the public. However, public agencies across the nation have been vehemently scrutinized for the inequality of service and less than equal protection. To effectively manage today’s law enforcement organization, leaders must possess the skills to not only address the social and criminal justice issues, but also the skills to lead groups and organizations in the 21st Century. Conflating the deliverables throughout this program, the course work selected reflects critical issues in modern law enforcement, community assessment through data analysis, and the application of technology in law enforcement. As law enforcement leaders look to reestablish trusts and improve the police-community relationship, an in-depth understanding of crime data and...
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...Toward a Theory of Organizational Creativity Richard W. Woodman; John E. Sawyer; Ricky W. Griffin The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18, No. 2. (Apr., 1993), pp. 293-321. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0363-7425%28199304%2918%3A2%3C293%3ATATOOC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G The Academy of Management Review is currently published by Academy of Management. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/aom.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org Mon Jun 4 10:59:06 2007 Academy of Management Revlew 1993 Vol 18 No 2 293 321 TOWARD A THEORY OF ORGANIZATIONAL CREATIVITY RICHARD W. WOODMAN T e x a s A&M University ...
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...Human Resources Management Jennifer Brown HCS 341 April 2, 2011 Instructor Lisa Smith With the many challenges facing the health care industry today, it is easy to overlook the advantageous roles human resources management has on the health care industry. The personnel can take on divergent roles, depending on the needs of the organization. Human resources is not merely a matter of recruiting the most qualified employee, but it also involves strategic HR planning, handling major HR challenges, and resolving unfair labor practices. The process of formulating HR strategies and establishing programs or tactics to implement them is called strategic human resource (HR) planning (Gómez-Mejía, 2010, p. 22). It is a responsibility for HR managers to improve the organizations performance while providing various direct and indirect benefits for the company. When done well, strategic planning is a highly participatory process, engaging staff to the organization’s central purpose. In the health care industry ensuring that all employees have time for training is essential for improved performance. Human resources managers must develop a communication plan to guide supervisors on the importance of education and employee development. HR managers have the experience to face many challenges, which involve environmental, organizational, and individual factors. These three challenges are important for human resources managers to deal with effectively before they become major problems...
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...E-‐cigarettes: miracle or menace? Networks, Organizations and Society Introduction The electronic cigarette or ‘e-‐cigarette’ is a rechargeable battery-‐powered device designed to resemble a conventional tobacco cigarette. The e-‐cigarette does not contain tar and the nicotine cartridges seem to be a much safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, which contain a much higher number of notoriously harmful chemicals. Nonetheless, nicotine is addictive and is classified as a poison (Cancer Research UK, 2013). The issue has attracted heated debate, but the question remains: “Should e-‐ cigarettes be classed as general consumer products, tobacco products, medicines or drug-‐delivery devices?” 2 In attempting to answer the above question, this paper discusses the evolution of e-‐ cigarettes through the lenses of technological...
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...Assignment on- “What are the interactions between Climate Change & Multinational Enterprise?” [pic] [pic] Prepared For Md. Mamoon Al Bashir Lecturer Department of Business Administration East West University Prepared By Group Members: Ziniya Tabassum Anwar (2010-2-10-031) Ahsan M Rahik (2010-2-10-099) Najnin Akhter (2010-2-10-079) Anower Kabir Duke (2008-3-10-030) Farjana Akter Parul (2010-2-10-100) Course Code: ITB 301 Course Title: International Business Section-5 Submission Date 24/07/2013 [pic] EAST WEST UNIVERSITY Letter of Transmittal 24 July, 2013 Md. Mamoon Al Bashir Lecturer Department of Business Administration East West University Subject: Submission of Assignment on “What are the interaction between Climate Change and Multinational Enterprise?” Dear Sir, It is a great pleasure and privilege to present the assignment titled “What are the interaction between Climate Change and Multinational Enterprise” which was assigned to us as a partial requirement for the completion of this course ITB 301 (International Business). Throughout the study we have tried with the best of our capacity to accommodate as much information and relevant issues as possible and tried to follow the instructions as you have suggested. We tried our best to make this assignment as much informative as possible. We sincerely believe that it will satisfy your requirements. We however sincerely believe that this...
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