...A Critique of “Massification, Competition and Organizationl Diversity in Higher Education” The growth of trends in adult education that has affected higher education and encouraged diversity among the university system, which has caught the attention of adult students including myself. In the article “Massification, Competition, and Organizational Diversity in Higher Education: Evidence from Italy” by Federica Rossi (2010), the author investigates whether and inquire about the degree that various trends motivating diversity among higher institutions of adult learning, which has occurred in universities within the last couple of decades, such as massification, privatization, and competition for students and research funding. The author uses a multidimensional approach to examine the effects of adult education trends on higher education organizational diversity using data from state and private universities in Italy. The article shows the history, changes and the growth of inter-institutional diversity operations of Italian university system and the policies governing universities. The existing data on Italy’s higher education size, specialization, and mission- orientation are explored to answer if these trends have encouraged organizational diversity. According to Rossi (2010), the stimulation of organization diversity has been “widely debated, both empirically and theoretically” (p.277). In my opinion, these trends have forced universities to become more diverse and...
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...The Benefits of Diversity in Higher Education Vanessa David de Campos June 30, 2014 Outline I. Introduction a. Thesis: Diversity in higher education, which is the inclusion and integration of minorities and marginalized groups, is important because it brings a variety of knowledge through the exposure of students to different perspectives, makes students prepared for working environments, and improves the country’s development. II. The Problems with the Lack of Diversity on Higher Education in the United States a. Comparison between the National Population Number of Minorities and the Number of People that Access Higher Education- Is it representative? b. Problems When the Minorities and Marginalized Groups are Misrepresented in Higher Education III. Higher education and Society a. Responsibility of Universities to Influence and Make Changes in the Society b. Affirmative Actions in the U.S Universities i. Historic ii. Controversial Points- a Defense of Affirmative Action as a tool to guarantee Diversity iii. Issues IV. Diversity a. What is Diversity? i. Defining Diversity in this Research Paper ii. Nomenclature b. Benefits to Society i. Collective and Individual Benefits ii. Numerical Representation and Informal Interactional Diversity iii. Interaction and Educational Benefits V. Preparing to Work a. Corporations, Global Trade Market and their necessities i. Amicus brief General Motors VI....
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...…………………………………………………………5 1.2 Scope ………………………………………………………………..5 1.3 Structure of Report and Methodology …………………………...6 2. Women in Leadership Positions ……………………………………6 2.1 Women in Leadership in Indian Industry ………………………...6 2.2 Women in Leadership in world Industry ………………………….7 3. Higher education in women in India ……………………………….8 3.1 Sequential Growth ………………………………………………….8 3.2 Society perceptions and limitations ………………………………9 3.3 Government Initiatives ……………………………………………10 3.4 Economic Considerations ………………………………………..10 4. Carrier Family Balancing …………………………………………...10 4.1 Gender Discrimination ……………………………………………11 4.2 Historical Gender Bias ……………………………………………12 4.3 Duties of motherhood and Homemaker ………………………..12 5. Diversity Management Programs …………………………………12 5.1 Gender Diversity …………………………………………………..13 5.2 Diversity as a result of Religion, caste and Education ………..13 5.3 Managing Diversity ……………………………………………….13 6. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………14 References …………………………………………………………….15 Page i Table of Figures Figure 1: Positions held by women in Fortune 500 companies................8 Figure 2: Ratio of women directors............................................................9 Figure 3: Enrolment share (girls) in higher education…...........................10 Page ii Table of Abbreviations CEO MD I.T. MNC GDP GER B.E. Ph.D. B.Ed NPE Chief Executive Officer Managing Director Information Technology Multi...
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...How do you feel about change? For many, change is scary. From when I can remember, education did not take on the form of many programs. Education was something you needed to get by in life and that was final. Despite its many changes, public education still faces challenges with academic success. Education Reform is best known for improving public schools. The system focuses on changing teacher centered schools to student centered schools, because its main standards are academic centered thriving more on assessments such as test scores. In my experience, diversity in schools have affected me socially and emotionally. As a black woman growing up in a predominantly white neighborhood, I did not feel as welcomed. Granted I was not discriminated...
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...Diversity Education: An Essential Educational Opportunity Diversity education provides educational opportunities that nurture and maintain an inclusive and diverse community, promoting equality for people of all cultures, ethnicities, and religions. The Association of American Colleges and Universities supports higher education faculty and students to partake in programs that advance civic learning and democratic engagement, global learning, and engagement with diversity to prepare students for socially responsible action in today's interdependent but unequal world (AACU). Diversity courses, programs, or interactions in higher education are positively effective in improving students’ understanding and respect of our multicultural society, and are an essential component to educational institutions. Diversity education fosters a broad range of enlightenment and competency, including those of learning and democracy. Learning outcomes include active thinking skills, and intellectual engagement and motivation, while democracy outcomes were not limited to perspective taking, citizenship engagement, racial and cultural understanding, and judgment of the compatibility among different groups (Gurin, P., & Lopez, G.). It is said that personal and social identity develop best in situations during late adolescence and early adulthood, when one is able to experiment with different social roles before making commitments to groups, ideas, and a philosophy of life (Gurin, P.,...
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...For much of its history, American higher education was reserved for a select group of the nation’s population, namely white, affluent males. (Thelin, 2011) The 1800s saw the emergence of women’s and African American colleges, however, these minorities of higher education were often segregated to their own institutions, given curriculum based around trade work and discouraged from studying certain fields. (Thelin, 2011, pp. 55-102). By the year 1917, “college enrollments represented less than 5% of the American population of eighteen to twenty-two-year-olds” (Thelin, 2011, p. 169). Achieving diversity within the higher education classroom has not been an easy feat, and is something that college administrators are still actively working toward...
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...Learner diversity and inclusion (Please note this essay is not a published or peer reviewed academic source but a personal essay representing the views and research of the author. It may include errors and / or omissions. Interested readers should refer to the original sources and / or more up to date texts. This essay should not be reproduced either in part or whole.) Background and introduction Students had written card to their tutor; ‘Merry Christmas’ was the message and in a variety of languages: English, Italian, Chinese, Polish, African, German, Malaysian, Spanish and others, which remained unidentified (tutor’s limitations). It was touching, but more than that it was a sharp reminder that for teaching to be relevant and meaningful to students, course design and teaching has to take into account the issues, needs and opportunities presented by learner diversity and increasing globalisation. An inclusive definition of diversity A personal, anecdotal recognition of the importance of student diversity is backed by weight of evidence and research. The Higher Education Statistics Agency (2005), identified that of all first degree students in 2003/4, at least 6.4% were known to have a disability, c. 56% were female and 16% part time. Numerous references, projects, papers and discussions are dedicated to the topics of diversity and its stable mate ‘widening participation’. They have emerged, not only in specialist HE channels such as the HEFCE website but also, as...
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...questions, objectives of the study, the research design and chapter summary. 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT Higher education institutions have no worth without students. Wenger (1999) stated that academic differences are the social changes that students encounter at higher education institutions. The author further mentioned that students live on their own for the first time, away from friends, family or other familiar support networks, it is during this time that as students a result, when students begin tertiary study, they they enter not just one but oftenon several new, and potentially contrasting communities within the higher education institutions. Students are the most essential assets for any educational institute (Mushtag & Khan, 2012). They enrol at a higher education institution with the objective of obtaining registered qualifications and successfully complete this qualification. Academic success is the objective at which all hHigher education institutions need to address should address (Samaniego-sanchez, Gonzales, Aparicio, Nebot, Aranda, Lopez-jurado and Llopis, 2011). Every Higher education institution envisage to should deliver good educationquality education for every student who enrols with the institution in order to in both under-graduates and post-graduates qualification to meet academic success. Bourne (2005) stated that mentioned that Hhigher education institutions offer educational systems with a variety of qualifications that students believe have...
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...Diversity can relate to many things, but the definition of diversity is a range of many different things. It seems almost impossible to think just one person can contribute to the diversity at a school. In fact, one person can contribute to the diversity of a school especially a school as big as the University of Kentucky, I feel I could be one to contribute to the diversity at UK in many ways especially since I am from a high school of about 2,200 students where everyone is vastly exposed to all types of diversity and ethnicities, in our school we have student from all over the world I have met and learned many things from students that come from Africa, Mexico, Latin America, Europe, and also just various parts of the U.S. I’ve never visited....
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...I chose the article, “Moving Beyond Affirmative Action,” from the October 4, 2012 edition of the New York Times. Author Thomas J. Espenshade is clearly biased against conservative views of affirmative action and the role it plays it the admission process for higher education. In, “Moving Beyond Affirmative Action,” Espenshade chronicles the court case regarding Abigail Fisher v. University of Texas and shares his views on affirmative action and whether affirmative action is effective in the admissions process. The court case, Fisher v. University of Texas, regards a white girl (Fisher) who was a highly qualified applicant for University of Texas’s undergraduate program. When she was denied admission after an evaluation that considered an applicant’s race, she decided to sue the university. Considering an applicant’s race in the application process is an example of affirmative action; policies taken on by many companies and institutes of higher education that emphasize hiring, or accepting, minority applicants in an attempt to promote diversity as well as to prevent discrimination. Espenshade shows a liberal slant in his writing and opinions on affirmative action but also realizes affirmative action is not an effective remedy to the problem. A man of Princeton, Espenshade received his PhD from Princeton in 1972 and joined the Princeton faculty in 1988. (princeton.edu) Princeton is widely known as a liberal school and as a Professor of Sociology, Espenshade has the opportunity...
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...Ethnicity on the Perception of Higher Education Name of Student Institution Affiliation Introduction. Ethnicity has been a major concern all over the globe. Researchers have looked at how ethnicity affects most aspects of life: the social, political, and economic. In this paper, we will focus on education. How has ethnicity affected education? More specifically, how does ethnicity affect the perception of school beyond high school? In high school institutions, the experience of multiracial students is similar to the general population of students. On the other hand, multiracial students in higher education will report a high level of academic barriers associated with their ethnicity (Smith & Maton, 2015). Consequently, minority...
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...bodies and in particular the European Union, Council of Europe and UNESCO. Introduction This term paper aims at providing clear guidance on making higher education a social inclusive activity. The social dimension is important to ESIB as still too many capable students are excluded from the higher education system due to their background, insufficient study support systems or other barriers. Five steps will be proposed to reach one final goal: creating a higher education community that is based on fairness and quality. Definitions Widening access: An umbrella term for the efforts of higher education institutions, governments and others to increase the participation in higher education, especially for underrepresented groups. This includes internal and curricular reform, affirmative action, promoting, the use of qualifications frameworks, etc. Equity of access: The ultimate goal of attempts to widen access or to utilize affirmative action tools. Equity of access represents the idea that all have a right to higher education, and that all barriers (whether formal or informal, visible or invisible, theoretical or practical, legal or local) must be progressively eliminated. Affirmative action: Official policies that attempt to achieve a more equitable representation of underrepresented groups; in the case of higher education, typically through amendments to admissions practices, scholarships, and in relation to employment decisions to counter discrimination against those...
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...In Favor of Affirmative Action For a majority of its history, the US has discriminated certain groups of people from higher education. Colleges and universities should consider race as a factor in admissions process. It benefits all students as well as minorities that receive affirmative action. It also develops stronger leaders that are needed for our ever-changing society. Merit based admission as a counter argument to affirmative action is flawed because it doesn’t compensate for the failures in our public education system that result in failing schools. Diversity in higher education is an advantage to all students. With new perspectives and ideas, the debates and discussions in the classrooms and on campus will be less biased and more interesting. A multicultural campus will encourage more positive interactions and discourage uneasy race relations, like the Compton Cookout. This stereotypical event that occurred off campus at UCSD to mock black history month was exactly what affirmative action could help avoid. Since the UC system banned admission by affirmative action, UCSD only had 2.2% black students in the freshman class, which was the lowest of any of the 10 campuses in the University of California School system. Nowadays, many students live very segregated lives until they start college, so they have false assumptions and stereotypes towards certain races. Ninety-two percent of the University of Michigan’s white students and 52 percent of its African American students...
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...Diversity in Workforce Francine Costa October 9, 2011 Saint Leo University Accommodation workforce diversity is a necessity in today’s workforce. With the way that the workforce has changed over the years we need to keep diversity a priority. “No longer dominated by a homogenous group of white males, available talent is now overwhelmingly represented by people from a vast array of background and life experiences” (McInnes, 1999). There are more women and different ethnicity in the workforce that need to be accommodated. We also have to be accommodating to the age of the workforce because there are more and more employees that are working past retirement age now. The amount of women in general has risen over the past decade is astonishing. Not only the amount of single women but the amount of married women has risen as well. Although women are supposed to be treated equally to their counterparts that is not always the case. “By diversifying our workforces, we can give individuals the “break” they need to earn a living and achieve their dreams” (McInnes, 1999). The facts of discrimination are hard to argue with. Reports have shown however that there will be more women in professional jobs that require higher education. The circumstances for ethnicity roles in the workforce have changed quite similarly as it has for women. The number of African Americans, Hispanics, as well as Native Americans has changed although they are still being employed in the low-skill and low-paying...
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...The impact of diversity in work place Janevine Onyeanuna Walden University Issues and Trends in Nursing NURS 3000 Section 04 Dr Mary Tan March 15, 2015 The impact of diversity in work place Knowledge of the impact of diversity is nesseccary at all levels of nursing work place because the nursing work place is made up individuals of diverse cultural group and so the ethnocentric approach to nursing practice should be eliminated in providing care. A good nursing care to a patient is clear, accurate communication and understanding of the patient’s values, belief system and family dynamics. The purpose of this paper explains the impact of gender, ethnic, demographic diversity on nursing profession and also the effect of underrepresentation of minorities nursing profession. Importance of Diversity in the Work place Cultural diversity in nursing profession is a cross- cultural health discipline, which encompasses the belief system of a variety of groups; it refers to the differences between individuals based on beliefs, customs, and ideology as evidenced in their way of life. Nurses bring their cultural and philosophical views into nursing profession so there fore its needful for them to understand the nurse- patient relationship, nurse- nurse relationship which includes the culture of the nurse, the culture of the co-worker and the culture of the patient, and the culture of the setting. Patients...
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