...Discussion WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP ROLES Coordinated by the Division for the Advancement of Women Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Hosted by WomenWatch With support from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 19 November to 15 December 2007 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report reflect the opinions of participants to the online discussion and not the official views of the United Nations Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Theme One: Status of women in leadership positions globally ....................................................... 5 2.1. Country experiences ................................................................................................................5 2.2. Ability of women in leadership positions to influence change .....................................................6 2.3. Instruments and methodologies to measure impact ..................................................................8 3. Theme Two: Factors that influence women’s access to decision-making positions —views from public administration, the judiciary and the private sector................................................................. 9 3.1. Representation of women in the public sector.........................................................................10 3.2. Representation of women in the judiciary...
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...of the Future of Women “Whatever women do they must do twice as well as men to be thought half as good. Luckily, this is not difficult”, Charlotte Whitton (The Soul Sisters). Hilary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and Oprah Winfrey are just a few names who have taken women leadership to the next level. But why does progress still seem to be a struggle for other women? Men seem to be dominating the political world in the U.S., and females seem to be striving to be the next powerhouses, but their professional image seems to be standing in the way of their future. Although women have made significant progress in obtaining low level leadership positions, their professional image continues to prevent them from receiving these same positions in higher forms. Political standards for future female candidates have become increasingly difficult to fulfill. The claim made for women not obtaining these higher level positions is simply because women are “less hierarchical, more cooperative and collaborative, and more oriented increasing other’s self-worth” (Eagly, pg. 2). Candidates for the job must be “likeable and tough” (Braude), which is seemingly become more and more difficult for female leaders these days when men are strong participants with these characteristics. When one wants to put a female and a male in a rink together, who would come out on top? The obvious choice would be the male, but it is not time to give a female the chance? The opportunity for women leaders to take control...
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...Kochhar Born On: November 17, 1961 Born In: Jodhpur, Rajasthan Career: MD, CEO, ICICI Bank In India's male dominated banking sphere, Chanda Kochhar carved a niche for herself. This was no easy task. In her career which extends to over three decades of experience, she remained strong willed and alert. Her determination to make it to the top only grew from year to year. Kochhar's career growth can be traced along with the expansion of the bank over the past several years. She never stuttered in her growth and was one of the few who kept up with the aggressive development run of ICICI bank. It was her sharp strategic planning which made the ICICI bank the 'Best Retail Bank in India' for five consecutive years. As per Forbes, It's no wonder then that she has been ranked 20th amongst the most powerful women in business and in the world. Read on to find out more about how Chanda Kochhar made it to the top of the corporate pile. Early Life Chanda Kochhar was born in Jodhpur in Rajasthan on November 17, 1961, but was raised in Jaipur in Rajasthan. She then joined Jai Hind College in Mumbai for a Bachelor of Arts degree. After completing her graduation in 1982, she pursued cost accountancy (ICWAI). Later, she did her Master's degree in management studies from the esteemed Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies in Mumbai from where she received a Wockhardt Gold Medal for Excellence in Management Studies. In the same year, she won the J.N Bose gold medal for Cost Accountancy...
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...Angela Sophia School, Jaipur. She then moved to Mumbai, where she joined Jai Hind College for a Bachelor of Arts degree. After graduating in 1982 she then pursued Cost Accountancy ICWAI, Later, she acquired the Masters Degree in Management Studies from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai. She received the Wockhardt Gold Medal for Excellence in Management Studies as well as the J. N. Bose Gold Medal in Cost Accountancy for highest marks in the same year.[3] Kochhar resides in Mumbai, and is married to Deepak Kochhar, a wind energy entrepreneur and her Business schoolmate. She has two children, a son and a daughter. She was excellent in studies. In 1984, Kochhar joined the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Ltd. (ICICI). as a management trainee after her Master's degree. In her early years in ICICI, she handled Project Appraisal and Monitoring and projects in various industries like Textile, Paper and Cement. In 1993, Kochhar was sent to ICICI bank as part of a core team to set the bank. She was promoted to Assistant General Manager in 1994 and then to Deputy General Manager in 1996. In 1996, Kochhar headed the newly formed Infrastructure Industry Group of ICICI, which aimed "to create dedicated industry expertise in the areas of Power, Telecom and Transportation". In 1998, she was promoted as the general manager and headed ICICI's “Major Client Group”, which handled relationships with ICICI's top 200 clients. In 1999, she also handled the...
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...Women in Indian Politics From the local to the global level, women’s leadership and political participation are restricted. Women are underrepresented as voters, as well as in leading positions, whether in elected office, the civil service, the private sector or academia. This occurs despite their proven abilities as leaders and agents of change, and their right to participate equally in democratic governance. Women face several obstacles to participating in political life. Structural barriers through discriminatory laws and institutions still limit women’s options to run for office. Capacity gaps mean women are less likely than men to have the education, contacts and resources needed to become effective leaders. It has been long since women have stepped out of their homes and have gained eminent positions and status in almost every field of society, then be it education or corporate world or Politics. Talking about India women has been involved in politics since ages. The very first name of a woman in Indian politics who became a torch leader for other women was Razia Sultan. She was the only woman to have ruled Delhi ever. The role of women in Indian politics witnessed in ancient India widened more in British India. Annie Besant though was not an Indian but became the first women president of Indian National Congress (INC) in 1915. In 1916 she launched a Home League Movement to fight for Indians and actively participated in Indian Independence Movement. Then there was...
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...discrimination in workplaces and sports. On the other hand, Gender discrimination is the biased treatment of a group or an individual based on their sex and the values in them as fixed by the different cultures in the society. It is worth pointing out that every society has values and norms affixed to each gender in the society. It is all based on the gender stereotype, especially on the female sex. When we refer to sex discrimination against women, we mean that the male gender is deemed more powerful and f greater value than the female gender. At least, a big percentage of society has their standard of evaluating both gender and female sexuality is always disregarded (Todozidevic and Zsolt 2003). The female gender is said to be weak, emotional, and psychologically sensitive. The biases aspect of discrimination makes it a social problem. The factors that make gender discrimination are the fact that women are a group that is vulnerable to most of the social set up. Socially, a woman is taken to be both physically and psychologically weak. In fact, women can never physically assault men because they are weaker in strength. Politically, a woman is never...
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...Leadership and Culture in India : The GLOBE Research Project1 Jagdeep S. Chhokar2 India is a country of great diversity. There are substantial regional, linguistic, cultural, and religious variations across the country. Given the wide range of variation, it should be impossible to generalize about the society, organizations, and leaders in India, as also about organizational and leadership practices in Indian organizations. There is however hope because in spite of the fact that the languages of India are many, and there are well marked differences between one regional culture and another, yet there is an over-all unity of design which makes them all members of one family. This stems primarily from the economic and social organization of the country and extends to commonness of intellectual and emotional attachments and obligations. The details might vary from place to place, and from one caste to another, yet the sameness of the traditions on which all of them have been reared cannot be overlooked (Bose, 1967, p.9). It is in this spirit that this chapter reports the India-specific findings of the GLOBE Research Project. The following section attempts to describe the evolution of India's society and culture, concluding with a description of the current situation. It is followed by a brief description of leadership in India. The methodology of GLOBE research in India is described next, followed by presentation of the results of the qualitative and quantitative analyses. A brief...
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...in the decorative arts and metal work of the early Filipinos is another Indian influence. The boat-shaped lute, a musical instrument still played by Muslim Pinoys, is of Indian origin. Moreover, some Philippine literature are also influenced by Indians for instance the Maranaw epic Darangan is Indian in both plot and characters. Balituk, the tale of the Ifugao legendary hero, is similar to Arjuna’s exploits in the Mahabharata, the great Hindu epic. The Agusan legend of a man named Agnio, resembles the story of Ahalya in the Ramayana, another great Hindu epic. An eclipse is called laho in Tagalog and Kapampangan. According to Wikipedia, India and Philippines signed an agreement which state that this two country will establish a Joint Commission on Bilateral Co-operation, it is signed when president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo visited the India on October 5, 2007. The establishment of the Joint Commission on Bilateral Co-operation aims to further strengthen and develop the co-operation in the field of trade, economic, scientific, technological and other fields of co-operation. According to wordfactsandknowledge, Hinduism has been a major cultural, economic, political and religious influence in the archipelago that now comprise the Philippines. The Hindu religion came to the Philippines from the Javanese empire of Majapahit. Decline of Hinduism in the Philippines started with the arrival of Islam in...
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...Leadership Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 2 Conclusion 9 References 10 Executive Summary The current study examines the current forms of corporate leadership in leading companies of UK. The study examines the various forms of leadership, theories and models . The study examines how corporate leadership is important for SME’s startups. The study highlights the models like transactional leadership and team leadership. The study discusses about the theories of leadership in terms of behavioral and situational theories. The current study has been explained with the real time examples of corporate like Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton. Introduction The characteristics and progress chart of the have been much desired and focal point of study for all the scholars and researchers. The policy decision making and purposeful action in the area of economic development and job creation will ensure the strong growth of SME in developing countries like India and China (Leitch et al., 2010). The strong role of leadership in the area of economic development is important for the sustainable growth of the SME. For the organization in the developing, it is important to build the strong leadership capacity, while at the same time they are creating effective environment for all their employees for their motivation and well being. The National Occupational Standards (NOS)...
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...Influence Processes MGT615 AIU September 9, 2013 Abstract After encouragement to write a brief article about "CEOs and presidents" for a management journal by a colleague, this paper will compare the leadership styles of three leaders: Andrea Jung, Indra Nooyi, and Brenda Barnes. It will include an introduction to the concept of influence processes, a summary of the various types of influence processes and the factors that can affect them, and an analysis of the processes used by the three leaders. It will also identify the processes that the leaders and top management team (TMT) are using to impact the organization. Influence Processes Influence processes are the processes a leader will use to influence their employees. There are four types of influence processes which are high-control innovator, status quo guardian, participative innovator, and process manager. There are six factors that could affect these influence processes, which are environment, structure, leadership, technology, strategy, and culture (Nahavandi, 2006). Andrea Jung, Indra Nooyi, and Brenda Barnes are three leaders with different leadership skills. A high challenge seeking leader with a desire for high control is a high-control innovator or HCI. This leader will maintain tight control of the organization while seeking a challenge. A high challenge seeking leader with a desire for low control is a participative innovator or PI. This leader will delegate control of the organization while...
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...minorities and women have made some headway in management and professional positions in the last decade, the corporate "glass ceiling" still appears to be an obstacle to their advancement into senior leadership. We have done a qualitative research on the factors that are responsible for glass ceiling and the factors that help women find a way to get around the glass ceiling. We have followed an exploratory research design approach wherein we have used interview as the basis to get down to the factors. Background of the Problem Historically, India has been a male-dominated society. But in the past few decades, certain changes in our society have widened the arena for women. Be it managerial roles in corporate world, academics, politics, women are increasingly becoming more visible. Globalization has also helped bring concepts such as gender diversity in leadership roles. As opportunities for women have increased so now women are entering professions which were previously seen as the domain of men in the corporate world .But there are invisible and artificial barriers that impede women from advancing to senior leadership positions which is popularly known as “Glass Ceiling” .Glass ceiling describes the barriers that women face in the workplace. The word "ceiling" suggests that women are blocked from advancing in their careers due to many factors, and the term "glass" is used because the ceiling is not always discernible. Although many women hold management positions, few have made...
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...Buying Behavior of Customers towards Branded and Non-branded Jewellery in India Submitted to: Prof. Gautam Bansal Dean PCTE B-School Submitted by: Arjun Kaura 1213011 Introduction: As India makes rapid progress in the retail arena, the Indian jewellery market is undergoing a gradual metamorphosis from unorganized to organized formats. Jewellery retailing is moving from a ‘Storehouse of value’ to a ‘Precious fashion accessory’. Consumers are more quality conscious than ever before. The jewellery market is one of the largest consumer sectors in the country- larger than telecom, automobiles and apparel and perhaps second only to the food sector. Need and objectives: The purpose behind this study is to find out where do women in Punjab fare on the road to entrepreneurship. Punjab has immense opportunities for women to showcase their talent in various fields like arts, science, management etc. This research is therefore focused upon young graduate women in Punjab to study their entrepreneurial bent of mind and other characteristics...
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...differences that characterised the world for previous generations. This is particularly obvious in countries like Australia where the national ethos has an ingrained commitment to egalitarianism. A view compounded by the dominant Christian belief system with its underlying conviction of personal and social equality. Westerners react to India as a paradox, an enigma, an absurdity. India is a complex, multidimensional and truly multicultural society which outside observers with their one dimensional worldview become completely confused. A population of almost one billion and a history of over 4000 years has developed with a belief system that institutionalises social difference and inequality yet underpins the world's largest and most vibrant democracy. The western visitor sees the complexity and confusion, the high rise apartment blocks being built next to the slum but fails to comprehend the rich and important connections between these seemingly irreconcilable establishments. To appreciate India a good starting point is any intersection on any day in the city of Jaipur1. The traffic will come to a halt at a red light and wait. Vying for position are hand carts, cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws, bullock carts, camel carts and a plethora of buses, trucks and cars, not to forget the occasional elephant. The light turns green and the whole procession, blaring horns and contesting every iota of space moves on in a sea of seeming chaos. Compare this with any intersection in Sydney...
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...and a mother and an inspiration leader. Her personal mantra ‘is that there no limits to what you do ‘. From a young woman born in India and immigrating to Unites States of America . Through sheer determination and ambition becoming at the age of 50 the first CEO of PepsiCo which under her management is now positioned at the 2nd biggest snack and beverage business worldwide by net revenue. Her goal is to define PepsiCo as a defining coporaration of the 21st Century. Atricles in the Wall Street Journel has claimed she is more powerful than Anglea Merkel. Indra Nooyi like a star rising ,has risen to the pinnacle of both her personnel life and global career making her one of the most influential businesswomen . The Forbes magazine lists her one of ‘The World’s 100 Most Powerful Women’ a position she has retained and places in the top ten for the past two decades, a truly well deserved achievement as a leader in the world of strategic international business. 1.2 Abstract summary of biography. The autobiography is not a conventional story and begins with young Nooyi who was born to a middle class family in Madras India, in 1955. India renowned from being conservative when it came to women in society, this was not the case for Indra. She joined the girl’s cricket team in her school and fronted a female rock band, playing the guitar college in India. Indra Nooyis Mother played a pivotal role in defining her as a future leader and is her main role model. . There is a chapter...
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...the Anglo-Dutch company –Unilever. Both Unilever and HUL have established themselves well in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) category. In India, the company offers many households brands like, Dove,Lifebuoy, Lipton,Lux, Pepsodent, Ponds, Rexona, Sunsilk, Surf, Vaseline etc. Some of its efforts were also rewarded when four of HUL brands found place in the ‘Top 10 brands’ list for the year 2008 published in The Economic Times. Unilever was a result of the merger between the Dutch margarine company, Margarine Unie, and the British soap-maker, Lever Brothers, way back in 1930. For 70 years, Unilever was the undisputed market leader but now faces tough competition from Proctor & Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive. HUL is also known for its strong distribution network in India. In order to further strengthen its distribution in the rural areas and to empower the local women, HUL launched a project Shakti in 2000 in a district in Andhra Pradesh. The idea behind this project was to create women entrepreneurs and provide them with micro-credit and training in enterprise management, which would enable them to create self-help groups and become direct-to-home distributors of HUL products. Today Shakti is present across 80,000 villages in 15 states and is helping many underprivileged women earn their livelihood. As the per capita income of India...
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