...that over the years, men have been dominating politics of most countries in the world. But it doesn’t mean they did splendid job in what they are suppose to do? Politics has never been an easy place for any man who supposedly can’t even handle political landscape at home. Family of course. Today, most countries in the world face problems of democracy, justice, equality, social problems arising from bad governance of those in corridor of power who are mostly men. Having failed to provide good governance, when come to think of it, there is nothing wrong if women who are noted to be caring, concern, and responsible are given more chances in government for possible change in the ‘status quo'. Should a woman involve in politics have always been subject of controversy over the years. But among other political posts today few women are already presidents of countries and senators, assembly members, and councilors . Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (Argentina), Dilma Rousseff (Brazil) and Joyce Banda (Malawi)- presidents of representative countries have proven that woman can own a place on the top of political settings. Woman have been viewed weak and are less interested or less knowledgeable about politics than men. Perhaps this is why women feel removed from the current political process. If women see that politics remains a men-only club then they are far less likely to participate and to put themselves forward. If they see a women leader in the political settings, it encourages...
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...Participation of Women in Philippine Politics and Society: A Situationer Introduction This paper is intended to provide an overview of the status of women in the Philippine society especially in the aspect of politics and the labor market. This should be considered as a work in progress which the author aims to further develop as a comprehensive situation paper that can both provide the reader a consolidated picture of the gender equality challenge in the country and motivate them on the need to contribute in changing the so-called “divides and mirages” in Philippine sexual politics. According to the latest gender disaggregated data, women constitute 37.9-million (49.6%) of the 76.5 million Filipinos as of May 2000. Almost 15.5-million are between ages 15 to 40 reflecting a young female population. However, while women constitute nearly half of the population, its status in the Philippine society is still characterized by sharp contradictions of obvious gains, on one hand, and glaring inequalities on the other. One can find both major advancements for women’s role and graphic gender inequality in specific areas of the society. The Human Development Report 2002 (UNDP) revealed that 35% of Filipino administrators and managers are women -- which is one of the highest in the world. Additionally, approximately 17.2% of all the legislative seats are occupied by women and 2/3 of professionals and technical workers are women. This puts the country’s...
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...help keep the world in order. She told these disciples to go off and help her rule over all the people of the new earth (Hobi). Politicians are supposed to represent the people, they are here to bless all things and better society, just like the spider woman and her disciples. In Montana, women have had major roles in political issues since the beginning. During the 1880s women were starting to gain more access to political positions in Montana. On March 8, 1883 legislature passed a law allowing women to hold office in the county school superintendent. A year later Adda Hamilton was elected Gallatin County Superintendent of Schools. Her opponent was so upset that a woman would dare go against him he ended up calling her names during an election speech and basically handed her the position. At the end of the eighties a women, Ella Knowles Haskell, was the first woman admitted to the Montana bar. About 15 years later, after working her way up the legal political ladder, she was admitted to practice law before the United States Supreme Court (UmLib). Throughout this entire time and into the early 1900s equal suffrage was a major political issue in Montana, not just for women but also Native Americans, African...
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...private roots of public participation: Women’s engagement in democratic politics in Pakistan Dissertation – MA Gender and Development Marion R. Mueller, September 2004 Abstract This paper contributes to the discussion about the involvement of women as decision-makers in democratic political processes. It questions the conditions that are necessary to promote such involvement and that open up spaces for the translation of women’s representation into political influence. The context of the devolution of power process in Pakistan shows that it is not enough to only set up democratic institutions to achieve women’s political effectiveness. Instead there is need for significant support through the state, political parties and civil society. To personalise the political is necessary for successfully being able to achieve policy outcomes that reflect women’s interests. Table of contents Abbreviations & Foreign Words 4 List of Figures and Tables 5 Acknowledgements 6 1. Introduction 7 Choice of case study 8/ Methodology 9/ Dissertation structure 10 2. Locating women’s engagement in democratisation 11 3. Imagining the political: women and the nature of the state 16 The framework of the state 16/ Defining access: affirmative action policies in Pakistan 16/ Devolving power to the grassroots 18/ Personalising the political: the presence of women councillors 20 4. Institutionalising the political: political parties...
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...Women continue to be underrepresented in politics today. Although, the formal barriers that stood in a women’s way are now gone, they have been replaced with informal barrier. These barriers can be seen at an “individual, social, and political levels” (Thomas 2013). At an individual level woman are equally engaged in politics when compared to men. Along with their equal likeness to volunteer and be members of a political parties they are also have an equal likeness to sign petitions, engage in protest activities, and use the Internet to be politically active (Thomas 2013). This shows that at an individual level woman are equally engaged in politics and make efforts to do so. Although they continue to be underrepresented in politics. Another thing that women must deal with is the ‘glass cliff circumstance’, which essentially means that even when women get elected they are chances of being re-elected are unlikely (Thomas...
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...Discussion: - What is political equality for women? Page 3 - How are Laws made in Britain? Page 4 - What is the vote and how does it work? Page 4-5 - What prevents women from entering politics? Page 5 - What political rights did women gain? Page 5-6 - Is Political Equality for women important? Page 6-7 - What does the progress women have achieved in politics and Page 7-8 society show towards gaining political equality? - What setbacks have women faced? Page 8 - What does the number of female MP’s in each political party show? Page 8-9 Conclusion Page 9 Evaluation Page 10 | Will Women Achieve Political Equality in Britain? Introduction ...
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...Name: Tutor: Course: Date: The Role of Women in Kuwaiti Politics Introduction Kuwait is a rapidly growing modernizing country where women enjoy a number of similar social and civil rights that men do enjoy. The country has gone through numerous economic, political, and social developments throughout the 20th century. Regardless of this, rulers in Kuwait continue to cherish that fact that Kuwait can be a developed nation with its traditionally organized formation. The people of Kuwait dream that “Kuwait can be simultaneously a "developed" country and a "traditional" tribally organized” (Tetreault 204, p. 203). Social formation run by an autocratic ruler Rulers such as Emir Mubarak consolidated the power of ruling Sabah family against merchant clans that dominated before. More, the ruler made sure that his autocratic reign could go beyond his descendants after his death. In the reign of Emir Abdullah al-Salim, policies, which strengthened social forces in Kuwait, were emphasized. In as much as women enjoy similar social and civil rights as men, they are deprived of several political rights that men enjoy. Whereas they are entitled to take part as voters as well as candidates in the administration of local cooperatives stores, they are offered with the chance to run for national legislature/vote for its members. In the month of May, 1999, the emir of Kuwait promulgated a decree that offered women with the right to vote and for public office in municipal and parliamentary...
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...from having the vote? (The vote is also known as suffrage or the franchise. I will use all three of these words interchangeably in our discussions.) White women and “People of color” would not be allowed to vote, but the way it is worded would make it seem like it would include everyone. What groups did the Jeffersonian Republicans decide should get the vote? (When I say Republicans, I do NOT mean the Republicans of today—two very different groups.) Men would be the only ones to be able to vote. They decided to continue to exclude women, children and free blacks. If they allowed women then they would have to allow other groups to as well. In the beginning though it was only men who had owned a...
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...WOMEN IN POLITICS AND PUBLIC LIFE IN GHANA By Beatrix Allah Mensah AUTHOR: Beatrix Allah-Mensah Department of Political Science University of Ghana, Legon ISBN: 9988-572-87-5 © Copyright Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation, Accra Published in 2005 Printed & designed by O´Mens Graphix, Accra, Tel.:021-238098 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to acknowledge the contribution of all those who made this project a success. First, I give glory to the Almighty God for bringing me this far in my academic and professional pursuit. Secondly, I express my thanks to all my lecturers in the Department of Political Science, University of Ghana, who have nurtured me onto this path of professional and academic life. Thirdly, I am grateful to all our key informant interviewees from all the institutions/ministries/political parties who gave us their time and valuable information used for this study. Fourthly, I wish to sincerely acknowledge the contribution of my research assistants, Alfred Appiah and Nimingah Beka, national service personnel of the Department of Political Science for their dedicated service during the data collection. Finally, I would like to express my thanks to the Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES) for commissioning this study and giving me the opportunity to carry it out with financial and institutional support. I would like to state that, except for quotations or references which have been dully acknowledged, this is the result of a research I conducted personally. God Bless all...
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...Women Changing Role’s in the 1920’s During the 1920’s women had began to change their roles in society to show that they can be more than what they appeared. Before the 1920’s women were second class citizens that came second in society, they did not have the same privileges as men did. Many women also did not have jobs which contributed to society because women were busy at home taking care of children and the house. Also the expectations of men were to be the supporters of the family which made women housewives. Women of the 1920’s were represented as well mannered and proper or a better term “Lady like.” Soon after they began to change how society portrayed them. Women’s changing roles in the 1920’s influenced other women to gain more responsibilities and show men that they are just as equal as they are, such as how they dressed, women’s patriotism, and women’s employment. Women’s roles changed because of how they dressed. Women’s fashion began to dress in a more risqué look with shorter clothing. This new fashion statement began to pick up a reputation and a name called Flappers. Flappers were women who dressed in shorter dresses showing more skin above their ankles that ended near their mid thighs. Their dresses came in various colors and styles, but what all their dresses had in common was silky material and loosely embroidered beading around each dress. Make-up was also one of the biggest and most commonly seen in flapper’s styles. “Five factors had become important...
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...known as power politics), claims that universal standards of morality cannot be an constant guide to IR because there is an "ineluctable tension between the moral command and the requirements of successful political action." He argues that state actors must think and act in terms of power and must do whatever it takes to defend the national interests of their state. J. Ann Tickner, commenting on the primacy of power in Morgenthau's writings, explains that what he considers to be "a realistic description of international politics is only a picture of the past and therefore not a prediction about the future", and proposes what she considers to be a feminist alternative: a world in which state actors think of power in terms of collective empowerment, not in terms of domination over one another, could produce more cooperative outcomes and pose fewer conflicts between the dictates of morality and the power of self-interest (Art & Jervis, 2005). Emergence of Feminism Most of the early feminists in IR were IR theorists, researchers, and policy practitioners, who read syllabi full of scholarly articles by mainly or only men, and seen IR as a scholarly place often hostile to women and femininity. Feminist scholarship came into the discipline of International Relations(IR) around the 1980s and 1990s. It was not IR that produced the feminist insight, for feminism is, according to Daddow (2009), "a wider social and intellectual movement that has had a big impact in politics, society, and...
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...against Great Britain, and factories were filled with women sewing and making firearms for the soldiers. Women were being used more and more and being looked to serve larger roles in the War and in Politics. Both Foner and Zagarri conclude that women did start to breakthrough during and after the Revolution, but their ideas differ when it comes to the length in which their efforts were received by society. Zagarri presents the idea that because of the Jacksonian Era, the up and coming participation from women in politics that expanded during and immediately following the Revolution, created a “backlash”...
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...‘Winning the vote made little difference to women’s status in political life.’ Discuss. It is true that the mere winning of the vote for women made little immediate difference to their status in political life, and yet, it was a necessary beginning to establishing and later asserting their power. As the great suffragist Millicent Garrett Fawcett stated, women’s suffrage did ‘not in itself represent any extensive change for it would come as a necessary corollary of other changes’. From 1918 onwards, while the limited suffrage opened by the Representation of the People Act provided the vehicle for the changes British women desired to see in their society, feminists and people with an interest in women’s issues were well aware that much work had to be done in order to contribute to their progression in political life. This essay will begin with a brief summary of the state of women prior to 1918, as well as the aspirations and expectations of suffragists and anti-suffragists. Following this, it will describe how women were subsequently viewed as voters and political leaders by others of their sex, men, and the various political parties. The essay will assess how women sought to secure their interests, both politically and socially, and which methods were most effective. While significant changes for women did not happen quickly or immediately, this essay seeks to communicate the optimistic view that with time and the on-going determined efforts of feminists and other interested...
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...which is, achieving equal rights for women in each sector; cultural, economic, social and personal. Its main aim is to seek to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. A feminist advocate is in charge of supporting the rights of women and advocating for equality. The feminist movement on the other hand campaign for women rights and protect girls and women from being mistreated (Adel 56). Feminism began in the nineteenth and twentieth century when the plight of women became a great issue. Feminism then and now still promotes equality for women. Discussed below will be feminism in its various forms and in different environments. Some types of feminism have been criticized taking into account our differences in culture and beliefs, and this has led to the formulation of ethnically specific and multicultural forms of feminism (Adel 77). The Feminist theory aims to understand why women are undergoing gender inequalities in the political, job and household sectors. By providing a critique of the political and social relations, the theory tries to highlight what is going wrong in the society in general. Feminism is a movement that promotes full equality of women with men and a high valuation of women as equal human beings both theoretically and practically. "Feminism is both a way of thinking about the world and a way of acting in it" (Diana 58). Feminism in Politics History has proven that women were not involved in any way in the making...
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...relations” (Anne-Marie Slaughter, 2011). Many looked at international relations in some other ways. In other words, each has looked at it according to their own agenda and benefits. In simpler words of my understanding, international relation is a study where it looks at the relationship between countries, which will of course include the role of different organizations and different policies. For a long time now, our world is highly filled with national security dialogues such as diplomats, statesmen and military positions, however, all of these managed to avoid women participation due to their lack of characteristics required to handle such heavy duties. Gender discrimination is not something new, proving that would be all of the feminist movements that happened over the years to address their issues. Many categories in life have addressed women’s issue for some changes even when it comes to the world of politics. However, not until recently where international relations has made some unwillingly places for feminist between them (Eric M. Blanchard, 2003). Knowing that both International Relations and feminism are classmates in many...
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