...It is important to understand how organisations operate and why they are structured in the ways in which they are. Organisations do not evolve by chance, or are they structured in a random manner. They are structured in a way in which organisations can obtain maximum power and control, which ultimately leads to their goals being achieved at a much more efficient rate. The purpose of this essay is to analysis the two theoretical perspectives of Modern and Post-modern which have different ways of understanding power, control and resistance in organisations. This will be achieved by comparing the two different perspectives and of distinctive contributions to the power, conflict and resistance which are key determinants of organisational life. It is stated that “Organizational structure... describes both the prescribed frameworks and realized configurations of interaction, and the degrees to which they are mutually constituted and constituting. (Stephen P. Robbins and Barnwell 2002) Power is an important concept in organisation theory. Organisations are built up of many factors from culture, structure, technology, and power. However power is inter-related to every factor in organisation theory (Daft, R.L. 2007). Two perspectives will be used to present the understanding of power and how power adds to culture and structure. Basic use of the word ‘POWER’ is used as a synonym of influence, strength, authority, and control over others. In organisation theory there are many different...
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...0Introduction Management is the key part of an organisation. Management has been regarded as making things happen. But a thing does not happen by its own action and that’s where managers come in. Now in today’s complex business world the terms manager has a loads of miss representation, ‘Manager’ as a job title by itself does not signifies its meaning but the action coordinated with right set of skills represents where an individual stands in the organization, so it is crucial to understand how an individual lets put it as a employee become more of a manger not just as a title but by action and skills. An organisation has members to achieve their targeted gaol and objective through the co-donation of activities. Without well management it is very tough to attain operation goal. From the text it’s has been said that management is a way of getting result through the effort of other people. When the term people comes in my mind I believe it’s all about how effectively Managers exert influence over other subordinates and uses his interpersonal skills. It is not just about what Managers do but what they really actually do. Mintzberg, 1973 has mention in his book more of what a manger actually do rather than what they do. His work has been categorized as these following headings. (Burnes, 2009) 2.0Managerial Roles: 2.1.0Interpersonal roles: 2.1.1Figurehead: Manager is a representative of an organisation, as a representative has to make sure organisation execute social and legal duties. ...
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...(QCF) | Student Name: | Unit Title | * Organisations and Behaviour | College ID NO: | Unit Number | 3 | | Unit Credit Value | 15 | Pearson Reg. No: | Unit Level | 4 | | Unit Code | H/601/0551 | E-mail: | Pearson Centre No | | | Assessor/s:IQA: | | Learner Signature: | Learning Outcomes | To pass this unit, the student must achieve all the major learning outcomes as follows:1 Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture2 Understand different approaches to management and leadership3 Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations4 Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations. | Issue Date | | Final Submission Deadline: | Submission Date: | Signature of Assessor | | Signature ofInternal Verifier | | UNIT AIM The aim of this unit is to give learners an understanding of individual and group behaviour in organisations and to examine current theories and their application in managing behaviour in the workplace. UNIT INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on the behaviour of individuals and groups within organisations. It explores the links between the structure and culture of organisations and how these interact and influence the behaviour of the workforce. The structure of a large multi-national company with thousands of employees worldwide will be very different from a small local business with 20 employees. The way in which an organisation structures and organises its workforce...
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...regulation? Better placed to understand why some accounting prescriptions become part of legislation while others do not. Accounting standard – setting is a very political process While some proposed requirements may be technically sound and logical, they may not be mandated due to political ‘power’ or influence of some affected parties What is regulation? The Oxford Dictionary defines regulation in terms of a “prescribed rule” Macquarie Dictionary defined regulation as “a rule of order, as for conduct, prescribed by authority; a governing direction or law”. On the basis of these definitions can say that regulation is designed to control or govern conduct Hence, when we are discussing regulations relating to financial accounting, we are discussing rules that have been developed by an independent authoritative body that has been given the power to govern how we are to prepare financial statements, and the actions of the authoritative body will have the effect of restricting the accounting options that would otherwise be to an organisation. ‘Free Market’ perspective Accounting information should be treated like other goods, with demand and supply forces allowed to operate to generate an optimal supply. Arguments supporting ‘free – market’ perspective Private economic – based incentives ‘Market for managers’ ‘Market for corporate takeovers’ ‘Market for lemons’ Private economic – based incentives Assumed that managers will operate business for own benefit and...
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...Introduction Organisation definition: “Individual gathered towards under the similar circumstances to achieve common goals”. (Schein, 1999). In this vain organisations must have structure to determine the level of hierarchy in the responsibility and accountability also a developed culture of running the organisation. At the same time a well-designed structure makes easier to see what every department or division does in an Organisation. Organisation Culture Culture is human behaviour pattern, tradition, religion, values, institutions and is mainly individual or groups. Cultures must have history. There are many types of culture which I am going to mention but a few. Power Culture This culture concentrate power in among small group or a central figure so the control is from the centre in a sense few rules is needed and less bureaucracy. Operators of this culture are usually small businesses or organisations. Control is the basic element here, no consultancy needed decision are swift as to react to any threatening danger. However this type of culture seems to generate high staff turnover for some organisation. Role Culture Here we have power delegation as form of authority within highly designed structure, such organisation form hierarchical bureaucracies. Culture is based on individual heading a particular function in the Organisation after a split into various functions. This peculiar to multinationals like the Apple Corporation. Task Culture This is where we have...
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...aCHAPTER 1 BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS At the end of this Module the student shall be able to: Understand the various types of business organisations that can be established. Appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of each type of business Introduction A business activity is any legal activity that may be owned by one person as a sole proprietor or can be owned jointly by two or more people thereby creating a partnership. The main aim of many business operations is to make a profit either in the short or long term. A business activity is not only trading activities like the popular Kantemba business that have spread along many high ways in cities and towns. A business may be in the form of manufacturing something for sale, buying and selling for profit, providing services etc. Some examples of businesses include banking, insurance, retail trade, producing beer, providing educational services, Shoprite Chain Stores, Game stores, Internet services, tourist lodge or hotel, transport services etc. Element 1.1 Types of Business Enterprises A business may be owned by one person as a sole proprietor or can be owned jointly with another person or partner as a partnership. Another way in which a business could be owned is through the establishment of a limited liability company. A limited liability company can be privately or publicly owned. Another form of business organization could be through a cooperative society. The government may on behalf of the entire citizenry own businesses...
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...4. Results and Findings 1. Understand the organisational requirements for a Leader 1.1 Identify organisational requirements for respecting the cultures, values, and ethics of others Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust is committed to being an organisation where diversity is valued and appreciated, regardless of race, age, disability, gender, sexual orientation, faith or religion, civil partnership or marriage, pregnancy or maternity. The Trust recognises that everyone is different, valuing the unique contribution that individual experience brings. Knowledge and skills can make a difference when delivering service goals. This should be visible and apparent at all levels of the organisation. Service provision and staff needs are provided regardless of diversity. The Trust’s priority is to continue to develop and change its organisational culture by showing true commitment in providing appropriate training and information for all staff, in order to raise awareness of equality and diversity. The Trust therefore expects its staff, patients and visitors to act in accordance with the principles that are embedded within the organisation values. The Trust has developed a number of other policies in support of a culture free from unfair bias, discrimination and harassment. 1.2 Describe the levels of authority and responsibility of a leader in the organisation First-line managers operate their departments. They assign tasks, manage work flow...
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...References ................................................................................................................... 11 Question 1. The applicable leadership theory portrayed by Norman Brinker was the Leadership substitute. It is at times leadership will be unnecessary due to the presence substitutes. This model suggests that under certain conditions managers do not play a leadership role because members perform at a high level without a manager influencing them. Brinker’s philosophy is that “winners attract winners”. He surrounded himself with people who believed in themselves and are successful. People who are terrific individuals and who want to perform better thus making success contagious. He developed a culture driven by integrity, teamwork, passion and commitment to all patrons to always have an enjoyable experience. This method substituted leadership. It also increased efficiency and effectiveness enabling managers to be free to focus their efforts on finding new ways to improve overall. Norman Brinker portrayed “Transformational Leadership”. By Brinker transforming his organisation his subordinates trusted him and where motivated and able to reach all necessary...
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...and unpublished sources have been fully acknowledged and properly referenced. This includes figures, tables and exhibits. Where modified by me, this has also been indicated.” CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2. FINDINGS 3.1. About Dave Keller 3.2. The Temporary Position Issue 3.3. The Company Mission/Vision or Core Value 3.4. Outcomes, KPI’s and Goals 3.5. The Project Budget and Time Constraint 3.6. The Authority, Accountability and Responsibility Issue 3.7. Bound by Contract 3.8. Old Practises 3.9. Upskilling 3.10. The Human Resource Dilemma 3.11. The Morale Issue 3.12. Featherbedding and Nepotism 3.13. Top Management Support 3.14. The Transformation 3. RECOMMENDATIONS 4.15. About Dave Keller 4.16. The Temporary Position Issue 4.17. The Company Mission/Vision or Core Value 4.18. Outcomes, KPI’s and Goals 4.19. The Project Budget and Time Constraint 4.20. The Authority, Accountability and Responsibility Issue 4.21. Bound by Contract 4.22. Old Practises 4.23. Upskilling 4.24. The Human Resource Dilemma 4.25. The Morale Issue 4.26. Featherbedding and Nepotism 4.27. Top Management Support 4. CONCLUSION 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This case “NoGo Railroad” touches on so many bad qualities that are unfortunately being practised right here in South...
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...from global expansion, new technologies and new business models. What is clear is that the successful organisation of the 21st century will have to be an agile workforce with ability to embrace and thrive on change. Change management is therefore a critical focus area for Leaders and Managers of visionary organisations. Drivers for Change The drivers for change are numerous in a highly competitive and global business context. The expansion of the global economy is assured. With it comes the challenge of conducting business efficiently across different geographical and cultural boundaries, and adopting new business models. Mergers and acquisitions will increase as corporations seek to fast track global expansion. Furthermore the pace of technological development is expected to continue unabated. All of these factors provide the background to change within an organisation. Alvin Toffler, a former editor of Fortune Magazine and influential voice in business, made the famous comment: 'There is only one constant today and that is change' Tofler made that comment some decades ago, and today the rate of change is phenomenal. No longer can organisations, even in the public sector, sit back and be content with steady state. Every organisation is challenged by change, and competitiveness is determined by the organisation's ability to cope with change. How is your organisation challenged by change? Identify three areas of major change your business is faced with. So what are the...
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...Centralisation implies the concentration of authority at the top level of the organisation while decentralisation means dispersal of authority throughout the organisation According to Allen Centralisation is systematic and consistent reservation of authority at central points within an organisation. Decentralisation applies to the systematic delegation of authority in an organisation context. Advantages of Decentralisation * Decentralisation reduces the workload of top executives. * It improves job satisfaction and morale of lower level managers by satisfying their needs for independence, participation and status. * Decision making is quicker. * It facilitates growth and diversification. As each product division is given sufficient autonomy for innovation and creativity. * It gives opportunity to subordinates to exercise their own judgment. They develop managerial skills which will be useful to the organisation in the longer run. * Decentralisation requires wider span of control and fewer levels of organisation. It speeds up communication. * Decentralisation increases the administrative expenses and each division or department has to be sufficient in terms of physical facilities and trained personnel. * As each department or division enjoys substantial autonomy it might lead to co-ordination problems. * There might be lack of uniformity and inconsistent procedures as each department might have the authority to formulate its own policies and procedures...
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...Organisational Behaviour, Meaning; Elements; Need; Approaches; Models; Global scenario. UNIT 2 Individual Behaviour; Personality; Learning; Attitudes; Perception; Motivation; Ability; Their relevant organizational behaviour. UNIT 3 Group dynamics; Group norms; Group cohesiveness; Group Behance to organizational behaviour. UNIT 4 Leadership Styles; Qualities; Organisational communication; Meaning importance, process, barriers; Methods to reduce barriers; Principle of effective communication. UNIT 5 Stress; Meaning; Types; Sources; Consequences; Management of stress. Power and Politics; Definition; Types of Powers; Sources; Characteristics; Effective use of Power. UNIT 6 Organisational Dynamics; Organisational design; Organisational effectiveness; Meaning, approaches; Organisational culture; Meaning, significance; Organisational Climate; Implications on organizational behaviour. Organisational Change; Meaning; Nature; Causes of change; Resistance of change; Management of change; Organisational development; Meaning; OD Interventions. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Fred Luthans, Organisational Behaviour, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1995. 2. Stephen P. Bobbins, Organisational Behaviour, Prentice Hall, 1997. 3. Keith Davis, Human Behaviour at Wor/c,.-M.cGraw Hill Book Co., 1991. 4. Gregory Moorehead and R.S. Griffin, Organisational Behaviours: Managing People and Organisations, Jaico, 1994. 5. Judith R. Gordon, A Diagnostic...
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...("HRM") is a way of management that links people-related activities to the strategy of a business or organization. HRM is often referred to as "strategic HRM". It has several goals: - To meet the needs of the business and management (rather than just serve the interests of employees); - To link human resource strategies / policies to the business goals and objectives; - To find ways for human resources to "add value" to a business; - To help a business gain the commitment of employees to its values, goals and objectives Human resources management –It’s a main concern of management, using people in the organization. The rules and practices involved in delivery to the people or H.R.M. It is the process of acquiring, training, appraising and compensating employees and of attending to their labour relations, health and safety, and fairness concern. Human resource management (HRM) is concerned with the personnel policies and managerial practices and systems that influence the workforce. In broader terms, all decisions that affect the workforce of the organization concern the HRM function. (Dessler ET all, page 2, 2009) Sainsbury’s Plc: Sainsbury’s is one of the leading food retailers in the United Kingdom and also operates property and financial services. Sainsbury’s H.R.M department is a big part of the company and have their own mission statement that is to be the first for talented people and as well as food. Below...
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...will also look at issues and problems which arise after the merging with another care provider. The care home industry is a fast growing sector in the UK currently. The UK care homes market is estimated to be worth £10.1 billion. Healthcare Management Solutions has been providing its service to the care home industry for many years, initially with a team of 200 employees. The Company recently merged with another care home provider which resulted in the expansion of the organisation and now the company employees about 3000 staff nationwide. It has been a positive change from the expansion perspective of the organisation however the merger with another provider had a major impact of the existing employees. “Dynamics of the merger process as an attempt to combine different organisational cultures.” (Buono 1985) The quote states that mergers can be optimistic and can help achieve better results in the company’s performance. However not all mergers may work well for employees, and for both merging organisation it is a hard time not only with merging with another company and adapting to their ways of working but also to also retain existing employee commitment is equally important. The managing director resigned as he was not happy with the new changes and structure of the new merger. The position was offered to the merging director who accepted the position. The new managing director has no understanding of the new company, and most importantly had a...
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...dynamics of two different organization. Executive Summary It is essential to comprehend the way in which the enterprises operate regarding organisation’s design and lifestyle and the way these types of features affect the actual efficiency from the organisation in the business industry. This particular research will target those activities connected with Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Apple regarding their design and lifestyle and also the variables affecting individual behaviour at work. It will likewise decrease the character connected with organizations and social behaviour from the enterprises and will measured the elements that may support or restrain the improvement of successful cooperation in the organizations. Similarly, It will also assess the power of technology on team implementation within the associations to achieve its goal-seeking accomplishments that can encourage people to deliver their best strengths within the organization. 1.1 Compare and contrast different organizational structure and culture Organizational structure is the form of an organization that is evident in the way divisions, departments, functions, and people join together and interact while on the other hand the organization’s culture is an informal, cooperatively assumed grouping of ideas and values, as well as the types of workplace relationships and performances within the organization. HP is committed in keeping it's maximum specifications of business behaviour and corporate governance...
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