... Some of our nation’s most significant changes in foreign policy that shifted towards containment of communism include the creation of the Truman Doctrine, implication of the Marshal plan, creation of the NATO group, and the use of the CIA in espionage and ensuring the safety of the United States. Furthermore, the citizens of the United States had to cope with major societal changes including the fear of nuclear warfare and the civil rights movement. Ultimately, these changes in government policy and society helped mold the nation into a...
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...Social doctrine of the church as a social instrument of the new evangelization Three terms are present in the title of this issue: two explicit (social doctrine of the church and new evangelization) and an implicit (evangelization). We can’t talk about the new evangelization without connecting it with the evangelization itself; the relationship between the church’s social doctrine and the new evangelization comes through the evangelization. The first thing it’s the evangelization, the most original, and that goes back to the origins of the church. The church’s social doctrine, born in the 19th century as an attempt to answer of faith to the great problems which occurred with modernity, as new ideologies that give the body and the political and socioeconomic systems derived from these. The new evangelization is a most recent proposal, from Juan Pablo II, that is intended to realize the meaning and scope of evangelization in the circumstances of our historical moment. Evangelization and mission as a framework The four evangelisms present us a resurrected Jesus who appeared to theirs and charges them a mission: to be witnesses in the villages. The conscience of this mission has been realized in a different way for each historical era. To illustrate the variety and to best understand what the evangelization today is, it will be useful to distinguish the four models of the evangelization. The evangelization of the first Christian times The Christians from the origins...
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...to discuss whether the doctrine of necessity is being applied adequately in the criminal law and discuss the recent decisions in these respects. In order to determine the doctrine of necessity , I would like to start with two different scenes in the recent movie, Insurgent- Divergent . On the facts of the movie, Jeanine wanted to find a divergent who is able to open the 'mystery box’. Thus, in the searching process, Eric (one of the Dauntless faction leaders) killed Uriah and a little girl who are not 100% divergence. The second situation is where Jeannie uses a threat - a simulation that causes Dauntless members to step off the roof every two days unless a Divergent (Tris) is given to the Erudite. Tris being Tris is...
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...I. Introduction “Justiciability” issues are unique to the United States federal courts. These elements are threshold standards, failure to meet them will lead to dismissal. Therefore, it is crucial that potential parties are aware of the multitude of doctrines associated with justiciability concerns. Justiciability “roughly signifies that litigation is in a form appropriate for adjudication in federal court.” If a plaintiff fails to meet these standards they will not have their case heard in federal court. However, mere awareness is not enough to fully understand the nuances correlated with each doctrine. Additionally, a thorough study shows the necessity of a unified approach. An attorney in federal court must keep in mind that any justiciability analysis cannot take place in one specified doctrine. Instead, because of the Court’s treatment of the subject matter, all the doctrines must be considered. Issues of justiciability can blend together depending on the facts of the case and issue at hand....
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...1947 Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine was created in response to the Communist/Soviet takeover of many countries in Eastern Europe. The British government had been fending off Soviet interference in Greece, but in February, 1947, they announced they could no longer afford to keep their soldiers there. President Truman realized if the Soviets were not contained, they would continue to take over yet another country. On March 12, 1947, President Truman spoke to Congress regarding this crisis. This speech has become known as the Truman Doctrine. President Truman told Congress that the nations of the world were faced with a choice: A choice of good or evil, capitalism or communism, dictatorship or democracy, and freedom or oppression. President Truman believed the United States was obligated to get involved to protect freedom and democracy. One of the best known lines from his speech demonstrates what Truman wanted the Doctrine to become: “…the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures” In his speech, the President attempted to convince Congress of the necessity to confront the Soviets. He demonstrated this with the analogy of the domino theory. He said that if America let one country fall to Communism, more countries would follow like a line of dominos. Although some Republicans were concerned that the Truman Doctrine was a “blank check”...
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...In the Buddhist faith there are two challenges that could be raised against the doctrines of karma and rebirth. Firstly, how can there be no-self, when rebirth and karma imply a self due to moral responsibility and consequences? Secondly, If the Buddhist faith upholds determinism, why does it punish people for actions and results that cannot be avoided? Buddhist people may respond to these challenges by declaring karma and rebirth as conventional truths, but this would change the way many Buddhist people see good deeds. The notion of the no-self seems to be negated by the karmic laws and rebirth because if a person commits wrongful acts, that person will be punished by the laws of karma for those wrongful actions. However, in order for this to happen there needs to be “identity and distinction” (Gowans, 76). These two things are denied by the doctrine of the no-self. This leads to the question posed by Gowans, “If there is no self, then what is reborn and what bears the future karmic consequences of a person’s actions?” (Gowans, 76). Unless karma and rebirth are conventional truths, this question will potentially be left unanswered. If it is made public that karma and rebirth...
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...The Greek philosopher Leucippus best summarized this theory in the 5th century, stating, “Nothing occurs at random, but everything for a reason and by necessity.” In the deterministic model, personal choice is merely illusory. Libertarianism represents the antithesis of determinism, advocating the doctrine that personal agents (e.g. humans and God) possess free will (i.e. have the ability to make voluntary choices that correspond with their respective nature and circumstances). This means human beings possess the power of contrary choice—the capability to make choices contrary to the ones they ultimately make. Libertarianism is further dissimilar to determinism in that it is inherently theistic, as a naturalistic worldview lacks the necessary basis for human free will. Finally, compatibilism represents a compromised (theological) perspective, attempting to merge the doctrine of free will with the philosophy of divine determinism. However, this is logically incoherent, as determinism—by definition—excludes the possibility of choice. Therefore, compatibilism warrants immediate elimination from further consideration, and this paper will concentrate solely on the concept of determinism. Determinism Fails Philosophical Tests of a Worldview When determining the validity of a worldview, one must determine if its fundamental doctrine is logically consistent (the coherence test), corresponds with reality (the correspondence test), and is externally livable (the pragmatic test). Every...
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...size and age, and whether the assault was aggressive, and the type of weapon used (Gardner, & Anderson, 2012). Another approach to take when determining lawfulness of the use of force would be, the use of Deadly Force in a Self-Defense or the Defense of Others, would be the Stand Your Ground Law, a Florida Statute, that if and when a person feels that they are in fear of their life, and believe that they are in danger, then they have the right to defend themselves by using force with force including deadly force. Only if they reasonably believe that using force is the only way to prevent death or bodily harm, without the duty to retreat (Gardner, & Anderson, 2012). Again, the court looks for key points such as, Unlawfulness, Necessity, and Reasonableness, in determining if the force used was indeed justified. As for using the Good Samaritan Laws,...
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...Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were important philosophers in classical Greece (Matthews, Noble, Platt, 2014). Plato was one of Socrates followers. Plato was recognized for his most famous doctrine known as the Doctrine of Forms, even though there was never a clear explanation for its existence; but his student Aristotle did offer various arguments for it. Plato knew that his doctrine never made sense; however, he created an analogy and called it the Allegory of the Cave which supports what he stood for in regard to common sense as well as embodying his doctrine. Socrates was an intelligent man, who loved philosophy and challenging the people who he lived around. His main goal was to achieve understanding. The citizens were not actually fond of Socrates because he made them feel as if they did not know anything. He was happy to prove others wrong, in which made him...
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...Just War theory is a doctrine, also referred to as a tradition, of military ethics studied by theologians, ethicists, policy makers and military leaders. The purpose of the doctrine is to ensure war is morally justifiable through a series of criteria, all of which must be met for a war to be considered just. The criteria are split into two groups: ‘the right to go to war’ and ‘right conduct in war’ . The first concerns the morality of going to war and the second with moral conduct within war. Recently there have been calls for the inclusion of a third category of just war theory - jus post bellum - dealing with the morality of post-war settlement and reconstruction. Just War theory postulates that war, while very terrible, is not always the worst option. There may be responsibilities so important, atrocities which can be prevented or outcomes so undesirable they justify war. Origins The Indian epic, the Mahabharata, offers one of the first written discussions of a 'just war'. In it, one of five ruling brothers asks if the suffering caused by war can ever be justified, and then a long discussion ensues between the siblings, establishing criteria like proportionality, just means, just cause, and fair treatment of captives and the wounded. The war in Mahabharata is preceded by context that develops the "just cause" for the war including last minute efforts to reconcile differences to avoid war. At the beginning of the war, there is the discussion of "just conduct" appropriate...
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...Whenever an business agreement is made some type of contract follows right behind. Whether it is verbal, electronic or written, a contract has requirements and must be followed or it is considered a breach of the contract. When a breach of a contract happens a lawsuit is what most would prefer to obtain justice. A lawsuit is exactly what the children of Terry Gilkyson did against most of our childhood tv show, Disney. Terry Gilkyson was a successful songwriter back in the fifties and sixties who wrote songs for the Disney film The Jungle Book including “The Bare Necessities". Before the film was released in 1967, Gilkyson had a single song contract per song that he wrote for The Jungle Book. The contract gave Disney the rights as the author...
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...action. Next, evidence must be secured. Finally, the first two criteria must have at least a slight coincidence with each other. Even if all three of these are present, if they can’t all be proved, the exclusionary rule would be exempt. It is the defenses job to notice if this has happened and file a petition to suppress the evidence obtained. When this occurs, the prosecution must then prove them wrong. It’s kind of a “guilty until proven innocent” situation for the prosecution. There are three exceptions that the prosecution should look at when trying to prove their case. The Independent Source doctrine is the first exception. This doctrine says that if evidence is obtained illegally the first time, it can still be used in court if it is re-obtained in a legal matter. The second exception is Inevitable Discovery Doctrine. This doctrine says that if evidence is obtained illegally, but would have been hypothetically discovered anyways, it can still be used in court. In order for this exception, the prosecution must prove that the evidence would have been found...
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...The North American P-51 Mustang was an aircraft developed out of necessity and lessons learned during the early years of World War 2. From the very start of the war, the doctrine utilized for aviation was outdated, along with many of the airframes fighting the war. With the development of the P-51, doctrine would be re-written, and the Allied forces would defeat the German and Axis Military Machine in an extremely convincing manner. Out of necessity, it is arguable, that the most influential aerial platform in history was created. Before World War 2 started officially, the doctrine followed by the United States as well as the majority of their allies was “the bombers will always get through” (Miller 2007). Simply put, this meant that the need and more importantly the desire for a fighter escort was deemed unnecessary. Instead, formations of bombers would be closely positioned together, and the idea was that the concentration of fire provided by that formation would be more than enough protection for them to successfully complete their mission. Moreover, The American military was investing more time and money in multi-engine fighters that were able to take more of a beating, and were built to be more...
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...Systems such as George Washington’s isolationist policy of cautioning the nation from foreign alliances,and the Monroe Doctrine that exhorted Europeans interference from independent nations in the West, reflected the country's necessity to be secluded from countries like Europe. The nation soon began to develop into a world power through the acquisition of states and dominance in the Spanish-American war of 1898, were both President Roosevelt and Taft fostered an aggressive national foreign policy to create an independent and naval empire. Although some agreed, many remained isolationist, but soon after Woodrow Wilson became President, he pressed the necessity to work for new reforms that especially aimed income tax towards the rich. Upon Wilson's entry to presidency, European powers dominated the world through military...
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...The Reagan Doctrine Ronald Reagan is best known for his speech at the Brandenburg Gate near the Berlin Wall where he stated “Mister Gorbachev, Tear down this wall!” That was his challenge to the Soviet leader. Like presidents before him present Reagan had established a doctrine to eradicate the Soviet influence on the world. Ronald Reagan was not the first to propose a doctrine to fight the Soviet nation. In fact, he was just following in the footsteps of his predecessors. The Reagan doctrine was similar to of Truman, Eisenhower, Nixon and Carter in that they all wanted containment of the Soviet Union, but were as they used a more defensive method Reagan deployed a more Offensive style to dealing communist-controlled countries. Reagan laid out his interpretation of his doctrine at his State of the Union Address on February 6, 1985. "We must not break faith with those who are risking their lives on every continent from Afghanistan to Nicaragua to defy Soviet-supported aggression and secure rights which have been ours from birth . . . Support for freedom fighters is self-defense." He went on to explain how he thought that Truman’s version of containment, originally designed to halt Stalin in Europe was now obsolete. President Reagan’s doctrine facilitated the use of US involvement in places like Angola where the Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) fought against the Soviet and Cuban backed Angolan government. US involvement was also present in Afghanistan...
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