...(pro.) Verb: (vb.) Preposition: (prep.) Articles: (art.) Spelling: (sp.) Punctuation: (punc.) Word Choice: (wc.) Sentence Structure: (ss.) Reference: COR 160 Essential Academic Writing Skills Question 1 (Summary) (It is a good idea to start by giving a clear picture to the readers as to what this summary is all about and where it comes from—i.e., the article and author details. You could also mention here that this article describes the struggles of migrant domestic workers (DWs) in Asia and the Middle East, to set the context correctly.) In the continent of Asia and (art.: the) Middle East, nearly one quarter of the migrant population is migrant (delete/redundant) domestic workers. During the past three decades, women migrants have been increasing as this is one of the opportunities for them to earn money for their families’ basic needs and to build houses. Special immigration scheme was created to introduce migrant domestic workers. In order to migrant (wc.: migrate), domestic workers would borrow money and even getting loan from agencies which commonly result to their debt...
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...order to get the economy going and to provide enough labor for the demand. Mexico was a neighbor country with lower wages, therefore an easier task for the government to deal with. The solution was to make a series of laws and political bilateral agreements with Mexico to import workers. But the Mexican Government was expected to lay down certain conditions for its approval of the American plan. Unregulated hiring of its citizens for employment abroad had been prohibited by Article 123 of the Constitution of 1917, which provided that such employment must be validated by local municipal authorities and by the employer’s consular representative, and on the basis of a formal contract, since American government had kicked out over 50,000 immigrants to Mexico due to the great depression. The demands for Mexican farm workers that were rejected by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Department of Justice in 1941 were happily established in the spring of the subsequent year. This program was called Emergency Farm Labor Program, popularly known as the Braceros Program; a name derived from the words “strong arms” in Spanish. Starting during World War II, it was one of the first legal guest workers program as a response to the labor shortages caused by the war and it encouraged many Mexican men to work in thousands of temporary jobs in the United States....
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...ECONOMY With the slowdown in global trade, the Philippine economy grew modestly by 3.6% during the first quarter of 2011. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) posted a lower growth of 4.9% and was backed by the lackluster performance of the industry sector (7.2%), recovery of the agricultural sector (4.2%) and services sector (3.7%). Propelling the industry sector were the strong performances of manufacturing at 8.6%, construction at 4.0%, mining and quarrying at 18.6% growth. Construction also accounted for 31.9% of capital investments or Gross Capital Formation (GCF) in the country. Domestic employment increased by 0.8% with a total of 36.29 million workers compared to the 36.00 million workforce in the same period in 2010. The average construction employment in the first quarter of 2011 grew by 1.7%. Despite the political crisis in the Middle East and North Africa, foreign exchange earnings from construction amounted to US$ 17.523 Million in the first three months of 2011, a 72.6% increase from US$ 10.151 Million in the same period of 2010. Such increase reflected the late remittances of the 4th quarter of 2010. SELECTED MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS In 2000 Billion Pesos (First Quarter 2009, 2010 & 2011) 2009 2010 2011 GROWTH RATES (In Percent) 2009-10 2010-11 Gross National Product (GNP) 1,623.7 1,810.6 1,875.8 11.5 3.6 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 1,229.6 1,333.0 1,398.0 8.4 4.9 GVA or Peso Contribution of Construction to GDP 59.8 65.6 68.2 9.7 4.0 %...
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...ABSTRACT A domestic worker is a person who works within the employer’s household. Domestic workers perform a variety of household services for an individual or a family, from providing care for children and elderly dependents to cleaning and household maintenance, known as housekeeping. Responsibilities may also include cooking, doing laundry and ironing, food shopping and other household errands. Some domestic workers live within the household where they work. At its 301st Session (March 2008), the ILO Governing Body agreed to place an item on decent work for domestic workers on the agenda of the 99th Session of the International Labour Conference (2010) with a view to the setting of labour standards. The conditions faced by domestic workers have varied considerably throughout history and in the contemporary world. In the course of twentieth-century movements for labour rights, women’s rights and immigrant rights, the conditions faced by domestic workers and the problems specific to their class of employment have come to the fore. In 2011, the International Labour Organization adopted the Convention Concerning Decent Work for Domestic Workers which covers decent work conditions for domestic workers. Recent ILO estimates based on national surveys and/or censuses of 117 countries, place the number of domestic workers at around 53 million. But the ILO itself states that “experts say that due to the fact that this kind of work is often hidden and unregistered, the total number of...
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...(2013) stated, “there are about 52.6 million domestics workers (DW) – male and female – worldwide, excluding children ages 15 to 16 years old.” In fact, domestic work is one of the most common trend labours in Asia and women carry out 90% of them. Unfortunately, only a small section is protected by general labour laws. Furthermore, United Nations Population Fund (UNPF) (2006) said that Asia is a big source of “international migrants” who are employed as domestic, where more industrialized countries such as Hong Kong, Malaysia and India import or accept DWs from developing Asian nations like Combodia, Indonesia and the Philippines (Smales, 2010; UNPF, 2006). In Cambodia, as stated by the Cambodian Legal Education Center (CLEC) (2014) and the Cambodia Domestic Worker Network (CDWN), it is the 67th most populous country in the world with a population of 15, 408, 2700 as of 2014 (www.worldpopulationreview.com) and up until now they are still not experiencing protection by the law. Poverty and insufficient generation of income are the main reasons in entering domestic work. Many domestic workers choose the job that they will perform compared to other types of employment. In Cambodia, domestic work is not considered as real “work”, instead it is a form of servitude. Domestic workers do not have labour...
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...‘The employment relations system in India is undermined by the large proportion of workers employed in the unofficial economy’. Discuss. BACKGROUND Capital: New Delhi Population: 1.3 milliard Currency: Indian Rupee GDP Value: 3.33% of the world economy Political system: Federal parliamentary democratic republic – President (head of state), prime minister (head of government) Became independent in 1947 * Major economic reforms in the 1990s paved the way for high economic growth in India and involved the considerable liberalisation of the expansive labour laws. * There is a large rural sector and a large ‘informal’ sector in which unions and collective bargaining are rare. Trade union membership overall is low but membership and collective bargaining coverage is higher in the public sector and large enterprises. There are weak laws regarding trade union recognition and representation and poor enforcement of labour laws and collective agreement provisions. Current concerns include lack of protection for workers who have been made worse-off by the market-based labour reforms, poor growth prospects in key parts of the labour market, high rates of contract and casual workers, increasing downsizing and a low-value added IT sector. The Indian industrial relations system is rooted in British common law * The unionisation rate is low at 5% of the total workforce due in part to large rural and informal sectors, which are not unionised. Most union are concentrated...
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...Book I - Pre employment BOOK ONE PRE-EMPLOYMENT Art. 12. Statement of objectives. It is the policy of the State: 1. To promote and maintain a state of full employment through improved manpower training, allocation and utilization; 2. To protect every citizen desiring to work locally or overseas by securing for him the best possible terms and conditions of employment; 3. To facilitate a free choice of available employment by persons seeking work in conformity with the national interest; 4. To facilitate and regulate the movement of workers in conformity with the national interest; 5. To regulate the employment of aliens, including the establishment of a registration and/or work permit system; 6. To strengthen the network of public employment offices and rationalize the participation of the private sector in the recruitment and placement of workers, locally and overseas, to serve national development objectives; 7. To insure careful selection of Filipino workers for overseas employment in order to protect the good name of the Philippines abroad. Title I RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT OF WORKERS Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS Art. 13. Definitions. 1. "Worker" means any member of the labor force, whether employed or unemployed. 2. "Recruitment and placement" refers to any act of canvassing, enlisting, contracting, transporting, utilizing, hiring or procuring workers, and includes referrals, contract services, promising or advertising...
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...The Effects of Employment on Academic Performance of Australian Accounting Students Dr Anura De Zoysa School of Accounting and Finance University of Wollongong Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia Tel: 61 2 42215382 Fax: 61 2 42214297 E-mail: anura@uow.edu.au And Dr Kathy Rudkin School of Accounting and Finance University of Wollongong Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia Tel: 61 2 42213148 Fax: 61 2 42214297 E-mail: krudkin@uow.edu.au The Effects of Employment on Academic Performance of Australian Accounting Students ABSTRACT This study examines factors that impact students engaged in paid employment while studying in a tertiary accounting program in a regional Australian university. It examines the differences in experience of domestic and international students. No direct significant relationship was found between paid employment and academic performance for the overall study sample. There was a positive relationship found between paid employment and academic performance with respect to domestic students. However, in the case of international students a negative relationship between paid employment and academic performance was observed. A significant positive relationship between a shift work pattern of paid employment and academic performance was found. The Effects of Employment on Academic Performance of Australian Accounting Students 1. Introduction This study makes a contribution to the literature...
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...in the world as more and more investors flocked to this country. However, the Labor Contract Law of China, that came into effect on January 1, 2008, has been one of the most disputed laws passed in recent years. It was the product of a series of lengthy consultations that took place between the state and social, domestic as well as foreign actors affected by it. Many entrepreneurs see the new law as a threat to their businesses in China. Chinese new Labor Contract Law is the most significant reform to the law of employment relations in more than a decade. Its final form emerged following highly contentious debates over the terms of earlier drafts- debates involving not only a range of Chinese actors, but also international business lobbyists and labor organizations. The Law was enacted represents a compromise between the competing demands of these many interest groups. This article briefly surveys the reasons for the enactment of the Labor Contract Law, the polarized drafting process, and the key matters it addresses. The assessment presented is that the Law is, overall, a necessary and beneficial contribution to the regulation of work in China. 2. The Need For the Labor Contract Law Chinese foundational law regulating the labor market is the Labor Law of 1994.[1] The Labor Law established key norms intended to apply to employment relationships, covering matters such as labor contracts, minimum standards and dispute...
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...Preamble Whereas sovereignty over the entire Universe belongs to Almighty Allah alone, and the authority to be exercised by the people of Pakistan within the limits prescribed by Him is a sacred trust; And whereas it is the will of the people of Pakistan to establish an order; Wherein the State shall exercise its powers and authority through the chosen representatives of the people; Wherein the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as enunciated by Islam, shall be fully observed; Wherein the Muslims shall be enabled to order their lives in the individual and collective spheres in accordance with the teachings and requirements of Islam as set out in the Holy Quran and Sunnah; Wherein adequate provision shall be made for the minorities freely to profess and practice their religions and develop their cultures; Wherein the territories now included in or in accession with Pakistan and such other territories as may hereafter be included in or accede to Pakistan shall form a Federation wherein the units will be autonomous with such boundaries and limitations on their powers and authority as may be prescribed; Wherein shall be guaranteed fundamental rights, including equality of status, of opportunity and before law, social, economic and political justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship and association, subject to law and public morality; Wherein adequate provision shall be made to safeguard the legitimate interests of...
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...environmental laws described as a fig leaf. This leaf is barely disguising the rape of the environment (Environmental nightmare of the economic miracle, 2006). 2. Singapore has no minimum wage for their workers. The employees there must be paid at least once a month. Some companies do give a bonus of an extra salary but it is not required. There employment act may not require the workers to work more than eight hours or forty four hours a week (Bernhardt, 2010). When it comes to wages and work hours in Taiwan their employees and employers have to agree upon the wages. It is like a contract. The employees’ wages cannot be less than each jurisdiction. Singapore does not count. When it comes to the hours that they work depends on the jurisdiction and they hours are between 40-48 hours a week (Hyun, 2007). 1. The latest environmental legislation is called Environmental Impact Assessment Act. This includes more procedures for citizens as well as environmental interest group. Singapore level of environmental regulation is a lot better than it used to be. Because of its administration they have came a long way. As far as Taiwan goes they have a long way to go. 2. According to (Gross, 2009) stated that the Ministry of Manpower made significant changes to the Employment Act. The changes became in effect January 1, 2009. One of the main changes was the wages,...
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...different from that in the developed countries. The most striking feature of labour markets in the developing countries is its non-homogeneous character. The status of the vast majority of workers in the developed countries is of wage and salary earners. Whereas in the developing countries there is a predominance of self-employment. This non-homogeneous character of labour markets in developing countries also implies that the nature of employment and the manner in which it is created is different in the two world’s. In the developing countries the vast majority of the population is left to fend for itself and create employment out of its own ingenuity, skills and capital. This leads to vast differences in the nature of employment and the creation of dualistic structure of ‘formal’and ‘informal’ components of the labour market. A large proportion of the workforce is in the unorganised or informal sector. These workers are engaged in economic activities with lower productivity resulting in lower incomes. They are also engaged in activities with less stable employment contracts (including the self-employed) and fewer social security benefits. While the wages and salaries of the formal sector workers are periodically revised to counter inflation. No such benefits accrue to the large proportion of workers in the unorganised sector. Inspite of growing literature on the informal sector, there are several gaps not only with respect to the data on the size of the sector, but also with...
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...1. What is meant by “course and scope of employment” for purposes of respondeat superior? What are the criteria to consider on whether or not the employee was within course and scope of employment when the tort was committed? a. principal-employer is liable for any harm caused to a third party by an agent-employee within the scope of employment b. Factors: i. Scope of employment 1. Whether the employee’s act was authorized by the employer. 2. The time, place, and purpose of the act. 3. Whether the act was one commonly performed by employees on behalf of their employers. 4. The extent to which the employer’s interest was advanced by the act. 5. The extent to which the private interests of the employee were involved. 6. Whether the employer furnished the means or instrumentality (for example, a truck or a machine) by which an injury was inflicted. 7. Whether the employer had reason to know that the employee would perform the act in question and whether the employee had done it before. 8. Whether the act involved the commission of a serious crime. ii. Distinction between 9. detour – stop by mail office for personal mail 10. frolic – picked up friends for cocktails in another city iii. Employee travel time 11. going to and from work – NO 12. to and from meals – NO iv. Notice...
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...CREATING TEMPORARY STAFFING SERVICE FOR THE DOMESTIC DEPARTMENT. MICHAEL OKOROMADU ROYALFREE HOSPTAL CMI DIPLOMA LEVEL 5 M5006 HYPOTHESIS: The Domestics department will benefit, from the creation of temporary staffing service (bank staff). AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate, the benefits of setting up a temporary staff servicing system in the Domestics department. The Bank Staffing services, will not only help reduce financial expenditure on staffing, but would also help improve and maintain quality standards expected by the Trust. The aims will be achieved by the following objectives; • Analyse the data and information • Look at the option or alternative for agency staffing • Discuss the impact of the research to the domestic department • Recommend a course of action to meet the project aim • Evaluate the research to make conclusions METHODOLOGY: • Identify the problems faced by the department from staff shortages. • Analyse the methods currently employed by the Domestics department in recruiting and allocating of staff, to manage these absences. • Look into the recruitment of agency staff and the legislations guarding this process. • Analyse the Temporary staff recruitment services; the process involved in recruitment, the terms and conditions of employment, and how it would be incorporated in the Domestic Services department. The SWOT analysis...
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...environments, as well as corporate and ethical policies must be examined prior to negotiations occurring in the global business market. Each country have different laws addressing the treatment of employees in the workplace. Standards that may be unethical in the United States may prove to be an opportunity for laborers in other countries, making it more difficult to establish and build business relations. This paper will describe and analyze employment and labor laws in the domestic and international markets, and the impact those laws may have on the XYZ Construction Company. Employment and labor law initially arose out of the desire to protect the employee from unethical and immoral practices in the workplace and combat preferential and bias treatment towards specific groups of people. The establishment of the employment and labor laws was set in place to provide redemption and equality for employees. There are four categories dealing with employment law. Employment at will is a contract of employment for an indeterminate term, is terminable at will by either the employer or the employee; the traditional American rule governing employer–employee relations. One of the first laws to restrict the employer’s right to freely terminate employees was the National Labor Relations Act, which has reduced the number of...
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