...percent of American blacks, in some states, the black population was completely comprised of slaves: Alabama, for example, forbade the presence of free blacks. Since there was so many slaves, this also made the south a haven for the lowest of the low, worst kind of medical experiments on African Americans. Harriet A. Washington, author of the book Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black American from Colonial time to the Present, cites many of the atrocious acts that the Black Americans experienced through telling personal stories like those of slave women, giving faces to many of the black victims of violent medical experimentation and racially biased investigations, while also revealing the doctors inflicting the abuse. Doctors tortured and abused African American subjects to further scientific knowledge and propagate racist, social and economic motives. The historical events Washington catalogues extend from the time of slavery to the present day. “There were subjects that were given experimental vaccines known to have unacceptably high lethality, enrolled in experiments without their consent or knowledge, subjected to surreptitious surgical and...
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...bar Janet’s claim, even though Bill is partly at fault, too. Comparative Negligence Dr. Turner malpractices, but the patient makes the situation worse by failing to take the prescribed medication. The jury decides the harm was caused 75% by the doctor and 25% by the patient. In such a case, the doctor would pay the patient 75% of her damages. Under comparative negligence, the party at fault pays the percentage damages he or she causes. Modified Comparative Negligence Some states create additional requirements if the plaintiff is partly at fault. These states require that the defendant’s fault meet a minimum threshold before the defendant has to pay anything. A common threshold might be requiring that defendant’s fault be greater than plaintiff’s. Example In the Dr. Turner case we just looked at, the doctor's negligence was greater than the patient’s negligence. The threshold is met and Dr. Turner pays 75% of damages. However, if the jury found the doctor 40% at fault and the patient 60% at fault, Dr. Turner would pay nothing because the threshold was not met. An Example of Assumption of Risk in a Medical Context Dr. Miller explains to Steve Cassidy the risks and possible bad outcomes for a surgery that is being contemplated. Steve decides to have the operation and, unfortunately, there is a bad outcome. As long as Dr. Miller wasn't negligent, Steve can't blame the bad outcome on Dr. Miller because Steve, as a patient, assumed the risk. Strict Liability Strict liability...
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...Global Energy Balance Network (GEBN) is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to raise awareness of exercising rather than compromising calories as a means to manage obesity. The organization was founded and is led by: Dr. James O. Hill, Professor at University of Colorado School of Medicine, Dr. Steven N. Blair, an Exercise Scientist and Professor from University of South Carolina, and Dr. Gregory A. Hand, Dean of West Virginia University School of Public Health. The ethical dilemma which arose regarding this company was its omission from their website and initial marketing efforts to disclose who their funders were. It turns out that Coca-Cola had made a substantial investment to the nonprofit organization and the schools of which the founders are affiliated with. When questioned, Dr. Blair stated it was an oversight and was corrected. The fact that GEBN is funded by Coca-Cola to promote their findings seems extremely unethical and makes me think that Coca-Cola is an ethically decoupled organization, putting sales over the well-being of its customers. I am going to apply Kidder's Ethical Checkpoint to identify a possible solution: Checkpoint 1: Recognize that there is a moral issue GEBN’s oversight not listing their funding sources may have been a true oversight on their part. However, when reading the article, it shows that the website for GEBN is actually registered and administered by Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola who has a clear interest in their results supporting...
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...trying to come up with the next great solution to a problem, but all too often people treat colleagues as adversaries which hurts the organization as a whole (Miller, 2010). In the case of General Hospital, the two major parties at odds are the CEO Mike Hammer and his administrative staff, representing the business side of health care, and the Director of Medicine Dr. Mark Williams, who represents the medical staff. The conflict at General Hospital stemmed from the fact that the hospital was losing money and was having a hard time competing with a nearby hospital. Mr. Hammer, who believed physicians were primarily responsible for cost overruns at hospitals, was unable to convince Dr. Williams, nor the Board of Trustees, to adhere to any cost containment measures or solutions. Frustrated at the doctors’ refusal to engage in responsible fiscal measures, he decided to take an authoritative approach and delegated total authority to Marge Harding, his Chief Operating Officer, to engage in cost cutting measures directed at physician tasks. The two administrators adopted a “good cop-bad cop” strategy against the doctors where Ms. Harding would rather ruthlessly effect budgetary cuts without informing Mr. Hammer so as to give him plausible deniability. The ever ambitious Ms....
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...surrounded by water and it being its main resource, the disease spread like wild fire. The host for this disease was a mosquito that carried the disease, Aedes aegypti. The mosquito lived in the water in every feature of the boat. Since the boat was going to New York, the city was informed about the disease and New York declared this area infected and would let the boat come to their port. The town council of the Metropolitan area banned anyone in the area from coming to the North Carolina area in fear of spreading the disease. The epidemic got so bad that the people started to go crazy. They burned the quarantine houses and neglected all the infected people in fear of getting the disease themselves. Some of the symptoms were headaches, backaches, fever, black vomit, etc. One out of three people were dying. Coffins were scarce because people were dying so often. People started to roll the bodies up in carpets. The mortality rate got so bad, bodies were being laid out on top of each other in...
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...Running Head: Running head: Is Hypnosis a useful tool? Is Hypnosis a useful tool to cure mental disorders? Mara De Ascanis Abstract Many types of mental and physical problems are the result of mental distortions, hypnosis, by replacing mental distortions with useful and healthy associations, is able to re- establish health in both mind and body. Hypnosis is so successful that it should be a tool used by most doctors and mental health practitioners. Doctors can do more with it and would need to prescribe less pills and see more results with their patients. Science has proved that hypnosis is in fact an effective tool, now is the moment to incorporate it in every health practices. Hypnosis’ success, with stopping addiction and curing depression, anxiety, fears and more, makes the health practitioner ethically responsible to implement it in its practices. Keywords: hypnotherapy, psychosomatic disorder, Mesmer, Erickson, depression Introduction Hypnosis is defined as “A trancelike state resembling sleep, usually induced by a therapist by focusing a subject's attention, that heightens the subject's receptivity to suggestion. The uses of hypnosis in medicine and psychology include recovering repressed memories, modifying or eliminating undesirable behavior (such as smoking), and treating certain chronic disorders, such as anxiety”...
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... A. I will provide an anecdote of how my mom always prevented me from eating chocolate because its bad for you. II. Need: A. The problem that exists is that chocolate has a bad reputation even though it does provide a lot of benefits to your health. People are bombarded with information saying that chocolate has too much sugar, caffeine, saturated fats, and lead. This can lead to obesity, addiction, high cholesterol, and lead poisoning. B. Even though this is true, everything must be enjoyed in moderation. Having small amounts of chocolate a few times a week can be more beneficial than detrimental to your health. However, not enough people are enjoying these because they see chocolate as a guilty pleasure. III. Satisfaction: A. By the end of the presentation, I hope you guys learn that chocolate doesn’t have to serve as a “tease.” In fact, you can enjoy chocolate while maintaining a healthy diet. B. Personally, I always have found history as one of the most useful techniques in getting any point across. Therefore, I did some research on chocolate and if it was ever used as medicine and it was. According to Louis E. Grivetti, medicinal use of chocolate dates back 500 years throughout Europe and America using it to treat dozens of conditions like tuberculosis, anemia, and kidney stones. Research about chocolate has been going on for years and doctors have come to realize that chocolate reduces hypertension, minimizes cardiovascular disease, and even fights...
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...This disease was awful it caused a rash and facial flush. Laura later recalled “I was saturated with very bad sores on my chin and neck and on my lowest right leg and other parts of the body…. My dearest mother was so painfully apprehensive that there was great danger of my dying.” In a dark bedroom of the farmhouse Laura lay next to Mary and Collina, their fevers raged on. At the age of four years old Collina passed away from the fever and at the age of six it took Mary to. The fever took Laura’s sight and hearing away at the age of three. One very important person in Laura’s life was an old family friend named Asa Tenney also known as Uncle Asa to Laura he acted as a guide for Laura teaching her how to do everyday things such as set the table and do the laundry but he could never teach her how to read and write. He also introduced her to all of...
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...The Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports Axia College of University of Phoenix The use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in sports The use of Performance Enhancing Drugs or PED’s in sports today has become an ongoing battle. From the media to athletes, to the doctor who prescribe the drugs to now involving the Federal Government, the issue of whether or not it is cheating has played a major roll in today’s sports. Baseball players, Football players, Swimmers, Track and Field runners, Olympians, Professional Weight Lifters, Cyclists, and the list goes on and on have all been in some way or another connected to steroids. Once thought to be a problem strictly associated with body builders, fitness "buffs," and professional athletes, the abuse of steroids is prevalent in today’s society. Athletes of all ages are starting to turn toward the use of these drugs in hopes to improve their performance and give athletes that edge to win as well as improving their appearance. This is not only wrong but it is cheating, and these drugs can cause serious health problems in athletes later on down the line. Performance Enhancing drugs have been around for hundreds of years. Anabolic-androgenic steroids or AAS were 1st discovered in the early 1930s as a therapeutic drug to treat growth hormone replacement in deficient children, menopausal symptoms, impotence, and the retardation of the effects of aging by stimulating the rate of synthesis of protein molecules (The use of performance...
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...let die”. It will be argued that passive euthanasia (i.e. letting someone die) is not morally wrong and that active euthanasia (i.e. accelerating their death) is no less moral. However, the many complications associated with the legalisation of active euthanasia (and euthanasia in general) must be identified and addressed. These identified complications may be eliminated with an appropriate regulatory regime. Assuming that identified complications can be overcome, and having established that it is not always morally worse to kill than to let die, it will be demonstrated that active euthanasia should not be banned. Morality, as defined by the Oxford Dictionary, is “principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour”1. Hinde states that the principles are influenced and changed by one’s society and culture but also “based in human nature”2. As morality is influenced by society, public opinion is important when it comes to controversial issues. Morality differs from place to place and evolves over time. To compound this diversity, changes in medical treatment, and discoveries which enhance medical knowledge evolves rapidly and what was not even conceivable in some cultures or at certain points in history are now commonly accepted. Developments in end of life care fall within this category. With our increased ability to prolong life, arguments can now be made in favour of moral killings. Similarly, since morality is intuitive in nature, it exists...
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...department, which had other institutions at places including Kalamazoo, Pontiac, Newberry, Northville, Caro, and other cities. The hospitals first superintendent, Dr. James Decker Munson, felt that if people were surrounded by beauty and tranquility, a lot of their mental problems would cease to exist. The use of straightjackets wasn’t even allowed. Also, as part of the “work is therapy” philosophy, the asylum provided opportunities for patients to gain a sense of purpose through farming, furniture construction, fruit canning, and other trades that kept the institution fully self-sufficient. The asylum also produced its own electricity and heat. Dr. James Decker Munson believed that mental asylums should be for the treatment of the patients, not just for storing the mentally ill. It was this belief that led the way for the natural environment of care he created for his patients, and originated the idea of therapeutic work for the mentally ill, who worked on the hospital farm. In 1881, the state chose Traverse City as the site for the Northern Michigan Asylum, where Dr. Munson was selected as the first medical superintendent in 1885. When he arrived he found an enormous area of uncultivated, stump-covered land. With his farming background and experience, he cleared the land and planned its landscaping and beautification. Dr. Thomas Story Kirkbride, a well known physician and active in the psychiatrist field believed that establishing a new building type was essential for affecting...
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...General Hospital patients there for services, resulting in a 65% drop in their occupancy rating and a 35% increase in their Medicare and Medicaid patients, in which “reimbursement rates are to low and paperwork is to high, (Connely, 2009)” significantly decreasing the hospitals revenue and adding to its workload. (Hellriegel, Slocum pg. 545) In order survive and maintain the hospitals accreditation General Hospitals CEO Mike Hammer wants to expand their current services and add new service that will enable them to successfully compete with the medical center, but this will mean cutting cost. After two past failed attempts to control physician-driven cost he would have to try once again. His first attempt failed because the Director of Medicine Dr. Mark Williams defended any change he recommended as good medical practice. After spending money on an outside consultant his second attempt failed...
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...prepared by Jerry Kuntz as part of the Lawson's Progress Project Complete Hypnotism: Mesmerism, Mind-Reading and Spiritualism How to Hypnotize: Being an Exhaustive and Practical System of Method, Application, and Use by A. Alpheus 1903 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--History of hypnotism--Mesmer--Puysegur--Braid--What is hypnotism?--Theories of hypnotism: 1. Animal magnetism; 2. The Neurosis Theory; 3. Suggestion Theory CHAPTER I--How to Hypnotize--Dr. Cocke's method-Dr. Flint's method--The French method at Paris--At Nancy--The Hindoo silent method--How to wake a subject from hypnotic sleep--Frauds of public hypnotic entertainments. CHAPTER II--Amusing experiments--Hypnotizing on the stage--"You can't pull your hands apart!"--Post-hypnotic suggestion--The newsboy, the hunter, and the young man with the rag doll--A whip becomes hot iron--Courting a broom stick--The side-show CHAPTER III--The stages of hypnotism--Lethargy-Catalepsy--The somnambulistic stage--Fascination CHAPTER IV--How the subject feels under hypnotization--Dr. Cocke's...
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...“We left the gym about 8 p.m. to go to my house. When we got to Taft Ave. in Beltzhoover, a police car sped up behind me and turned on its red and blue lights. I pulled over immediately wondering why I was being pulled over now! Then out of everywhere, other police cars start surrounding my car! I was on the phone with my neighbor, Robin Player, having one of our many conversations about improving one’s self, improving one’s community, etc., before the police got behind, so she was on the phone when it all transpired.” Events like the one he was about to encounter would rankle anyone. But Rayco had been through this before and he was ready. At least, he thought so! As with every encounter he had with the police, what was about to unfold was nothing short of theater. “Police cars, lights,... more cars,... more lights! Then a voice over the intercom says, ‘Exit the vehicle with your hands up!’ I holler out of my window, ‘What am I being pulled over for?’ The same voice, ‘Exit the vehicle slowly with your hands up!’ Now I notice that there are a lot of guns drawn and aimed at me! Jelani is crying! Lil Rayc is quiet. Now I’m getting worried, not for me, but for my children! My windows are tinted 100%! The police can’t see in my car! So I start to holler, ‘My babies are in the car!’ The police didn’t care! They just hollered back, ‘Get out the car and get on the ground or you will be tazed!’ I had to think fast! If one of my young partnas would have came by and they had heat...
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...issues. More advanced research, studies and experiments are needed before human cloning can become a reality. Then we have therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning is defined by med terms as “a procedure when cells (typically from the skin), are taken from patients and then inserted into a fertilized egg whose nucleus has been removed.” The stem cells that are extracted are used to grow tissue that could possibly be a genetic match and treat disorders like diabetes, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Keep in mind that this is not 100% accurate and that it’s a big part of the bioethical controversy. Developing cures is a huge one. The effort to find cures for illnesses will become extinct because every scientist and doctor will be too focused on cloning and looking out for themselves. Then the issue comes up about the stem cells and the possibility of mutating or being rejected by the individual. Reproductive cloning is when you take the genetic material from a cell of the individual and transplant it into an egg cell to produce stem-cells (Webster-online-dictionary). Many scientists believe that reproductive cloning can never be made safe. Now if scientists don’t have...
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