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Drop Out University

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I giovani e il mondo universitario

In un’Europa in cui l’istruzione costituisce una risorsa importante per lo sviluppo economico e civile, l’università italiana produce il numero di laureati più basso d’Europa.
In media la metà degli studenti che si iscrivono all’università abbandona gli studi nel corso dei primi due anni e la durata effettiva degli studi non corrisponde al numero di anni previsto dagli ordinamenti didattici, dando luogo al fenomeno tipicamente italiano del numero eccessivo di studenti fuori corso.
Comparando l’età dello studente italiano con quella di un suo collega europeo al conseguimento della laurea, si nota che il giovane italiano è più avanti negli anni: la media italiana è infatti di ventotto anni.
Pertanto risulta così inevitabile che le generazioni italiane diventeranno autonome dal punto di vista economico molto più tardi e questo ritardo avrà inevitabili ripercussioni su tutte le principali scelte di vita.
L’università è tuttavia un universo in cambiamento a cui accedono sempre più giovani e che cerca di stare al passo con i cambiamenti attuali: negli ultimi anni ha assunto forme nuove adeguandosi alle necessità formative del mondo del lavoro, proponendo percorsi didattici sempre più articolati e flessibili.
Gli interventi di aiuto e adeguamento attuati dalle università non trovano però riscontro nei dati; infatti, su 100 immatricolati, solo 53 arrivano alla laurea e di questi ben oltre il 69% è fuori corso.
Molti degli iscritti non sono “attivi”, ovvero non sostengono nemmeno un esame nel corso dell’anno, oppure sono fuori corso da parecchi anni ma continuano a iscriversi per non perdere gli esami già sostenuti, nella speranza di riprendere gli studi.
Diversi sono i motivi di questa situazione: sicuramente incide una certa “sindrome di Peter Pan”, la stessa che tiene i giovani in casa dei genitori fino ai trent’anni (e anche oltre), con la conseguente tranquillità economica; la disorganizzazione di alcune università rende inoltre difficile il percorso formativo degli studenti; da ultimo è da rilevare anche una crescente quota di studenti-lavoratori, che possono dedicarsi allo studio solo nel tempo libero.
Inoltre sempre più studenti devono spostarsi da casa per poter frequentare l’ateneo: fare il pendolare è molto difficile, senza contare il tempo perso nei viaggi e gli orari dei treni costantemente in disaccordo con quelli delle lezioni.
A fronte di spostamenti, spese di alloggio, iscrizione e libri, la laurea rappresenta però un imprescindibile strumento di accesso al mondo del lavoro, oltre che un arricchimento del proprio bagaglio culturale.
Con ciò non intendo affermare che alla laurea corrisponda un sicuro impiego, tuttavia essa aumenta notevolmente la possibilità di trovare una occupazione specialistica.
I giovani dovrebbero cercare di capire in che ambito realizzarsi e quali siano le loro aspirazioni, in modo da fare scelte mirate, a partire dalla scuola superiore.
Secondo un’indagine dell’ISTAT, gli immatricolati che ottengono i migliori risultati sono quelli con diploma liceale; le maggiori difficoltà le riscontrano invece i ragazzi che escono dagli istituti professionali.
In conclusione, in un mondo in cui i laureati sono tantissimi, l’ingresso in azienda è sempre più lento, laborioso e faticoso nonostante i titoli di studio altisonanti e le specializzazioni prestigiose; pertanto assume sempre maggior importanza una laurea conseguita nei tempi, anche se con voto basso, che un voto alto ma raggiunto a fatica e con l’impiego di troppi anni.

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