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Early Detection Pros

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SCREENING AND EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER SAVES LIVES (THE PROS AND CONS)

Cancer screening and early detection have major importance in the survival of patients with cancer. For virtually every site, statistics show far better survival rates for early cancers than for advanced cancers. The success of treatment is largely determined by the extent of disease at the time of diagnosis with the exception of the leukemias and lymphomas. Treatment of advanced cancers, using any known modalities, is seldom curative. The objective of early detection and screening is to shift the extent of disease at diagnosis from advanced to early through the systematic examination of asymptomatic and symptomatic people. The examinations vary from self-examination …show more content…
Using a mortality endpoint minimizes any possible lead time bias or length bias. In screening asymptomatic individuals, we hope to detect cancer several years earlier than if we were to wait for symptoms to bring the individual to the doctor. This difference is called lead time. If earlier treatment results in a cure, then there is no bias. If the person eventually dies of the disease, then the increased survival time from diagnosis to death may have been only apparent, a bias, since life may not have been extended. In screening, length bias is the detection of more indolent cancers or cancers which may never have surfaced in life, which when added to clinically aggressive cancers, increases the percentages of early cases and increases overall survival percentages. In screening, a decrease in the rate (not percentage) of cases of advanced disease is one of the best predictors of a future decrease in …show more content…
One of the weaknesses of this approach is that procedures in common use, which may be highly effective, frequently have not been evaluated in an experimental trial published in the medical literature. In 1984, a similar organization using nearly identical criteria, the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) was appointed by the assistant secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). In 1980, the American Cancer Society (ACS) published Guidelines for the Cancer-Related Checkup: Recommendations and Rationale. In 1987, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), another division of HHS, with consultation from the ACS and representatives of medical professional organizations, developed seven early detection guidelines based upon best available evidence. In 1989, the USPSTF published their recommendations, which were at great variance with those adopted by the

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